Empirical Research on the Relationship between Education Poverty Alleviation and Rural Revitalization—Spatial Panel Simultaneous Equation Model Based on Provincial Panel Data

On the basis of using entropy weight method to measure China’s education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization evaluation indicators, using the panel data of 30 provinces in China (excluding Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2012 to 2021, a spatial panel simultaneous equation model is constructed based on adjacency matrix, geographical distance matrix and economic geographical distance matrix deeply study the interaction mechanism and spatial spillover effects between education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization through the generalized spatial three-stage least squares method (GS3SLS). The results indicate that there is a significant spatial spillover effect and a positive spatial correlation between education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, and there is a significant interactive effect between the two variables, while promoting each other positively. Therefore, the government should clarify the deep relationship between education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization based on the current background, and better consolidate and expand the effective connection between the achievements of education poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.

Research on the Performance Assessment Mechanism of Accurate Poverty Alleviation in Vocational Education

Vocational education is an effective way to achieve accurate poverty alleviation and get rid of intergenerational poverty.Vocational education is mainly to train skilled talents,not only to provide academic education for the children of poor families,but also to use a skill to achieve employment.It is of great necessity to implement accurate poverty alleviation in vocational education,and performance assessment is a very important part of the accurate poverty alleviation work of vocational education.This paper mainly analyzes the predicament of accurate poverty alleviation in vocational education and the problems in the construction of performance assessment system for accurate poverty alleviation in vocational education,and puts forward measures to improve the accurate poverty alleviation assessment system for vocational education and strengthen the accurate of vocational education.

Analysis of Problems and Policy Recommendations for the Third-party Evaluation in the Present Poverty Alleviation

The introduction of third-party evaluation system and the implementation of third-party evaluation system in poverty alleviation is a major innovation in the targeted poverty alleviation work in China.In order to improve the third-party evaluation mechanism,further improve the efficiency of third-party evaluation,and enhance the effectiveness of targeted poverty alleviation,this paper analyzes and summarizes the main problems existing in the current third-party evaluation practice.In view of the related problems,this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations,which are believed to play a positive role in further promoting the development and improvement of the third-party evaluation of getting rid of poverty.

The Model of Poverty Alleviation through Education in the Poor Mountainous Areas of Southwest China: Accurately Building "Well Education in Poor County" in Luquan County

The poverty alleviation through education is one of the important ways to get rid of poverty accurately in poor areas. Located in the high mountains and deep valleys along the Jinsha River, Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County in Yunnan Province is one of the key counties in poverty alleviation and development work in China with a wide range of poverty and deep poverty. To enable children in poor areas to receive a good education is not only an important task of poverty alleviation and development, but also an important way to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Because of the complexity and difference of geography, history and culture, and the particularity and diversity of educational development appeal, it is often difficult to carry out poverty alleviation through education. Poor counties develop well education so that poor counties have new achievements. In recent years, Luquan County has adhered to the concept of "vigorously developing education" by making every effort to create a characteristic project with education to help the poor, and strived to achieve the "six solutions" so that every child can enjoy quality and fair education, and ensure that "they can get in, stay and learn well". This shows the new look of Miao and Yi mountains in the new era. This paper analyzes and summarizes the specific methods and effects, characteristics and bright spots of accurately building the model of "well education in poor county" in this county, as well as the experience gained, and the lessons, in order to provide the necessary reference for the poor counties in Yunnan Province and other similar provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) to carry out rural poverty alleviation by education.

Realize Facilitated Targeted Poverty Elimination with Targeted Poverty——Alleviation: A New Anti-Poverty Approach for Rural China

Since the Reform and Opening-up, remarkable achievements in poverty alleviation have been made in China. China's success in mass poverty reduction can be attributed to its rapid economic growth, large-scale regional poverty alleviation and development, sound social security policies, widereaching farmer-benefiting policies and the equal land allotment system. However, with income inequality on the rise, poverty reduction effect made by the economic growth is declining: More targeted poverty alleviation policies are needed by China. Targeted poverty alleviation aims to improve the effect and efficiency of poverty alleviation through precise identification of poverty-stricken populations and comprehensive supportive measures. To tackle a variety of challenges such as the poor cultivation among povertystricken populations, the complex causes for poverty, and inflexible capital management, China should improve its poverty alleviation mechanism by innovating poverty identification methods, support approaches, capital management and performance assessment.

Satisfaction of targeted poverty alleviation policies and its influencing factors based on farmers' perspective:Questionnaire survey and research on 1720 farmers in Shaanxi Province of China

Based on the first-hand data of the household survey of targeted poverty alleviation policies,five dimensions were analyzed from the residential regions,the individual characteristics,the household income characteristics,the poverty status and the farmers' relevancy to poverty alleviation policies.Through descriptive statistics and correlation analysis,the satisfaction of targeted poverty alleviation policies and its influencing factors have been inspected.It is found that the farmers,on the whole,are satisfied with the targeted poverty alleviation policies.Their satisfaction for the implementation of local poverty alleviation policies is in a moderate high level,however at the same time they expect the policies to be improved.The impoverished farmers in southern Shaanxi have higher satisfaction towards the poverty alleviation policies.Those farmers' awareness,participation,and benefit are positively related to the level of satisfaction towards policies.The implementation of the poverty alleviation from the government is not only favorable for its people,but also the country.It can greatly enhance the recognition of the government's legitimacy and local government's credibility.To formulate and implement the targeted alleviation policies,the relationship between farmers,especially impoverished farmers,and such policies should be taken into consideration.The starting point and judging criteria of poverty alleviation job should be based on questions whether the farmers know,need,and have the willing to participate in and satisfy with the policies.Those farmers' right to know,participate,benefit and judge should be protected,and it will continuously promote the efficiency of implementing poverty alleviation.

On the Concept Education of Poverty Alleviation of Cultural Industry in Yulong County

At present,the cultural industry also plays an important role in the Rural Revitalization of Yulong County in the new era,which is a more rapid and active cultural creation.However,there are many conceptual problems in promoting the development and education of cultural industry,and some cognition of villagers has seriously affected the development of poverty alleviation.Therefore,this paper discusses the conceptual issues of poverty alleviation education,and tries to provide suggestions for the education construction of beautiful villages in the new era.

Elite capture,the“follow-up checks”policy,and the targeted poverty alleviation program:Evidence from rural western China

Decentralized methods for targeting poverty are widely adopted in developing countries to improve the performance of various poverty alleviation programs.A common challenge for implementing successful decentralized targeting is the existence of elite capture.China has recently implemented a nationwide decentralized poverty targeting program,the targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)policy,to achieve the national goal of eliminating absolute poverty by the end of 2020.As the largest decentralized poverty targeting program in the world,TPA's successful implementation was believed to be threatened by elite capture in some earlier reports.Since 2015,a targeting correction mechanism,called"follow-up checks"policy,has been introduced.With the"follow-up checks"policy,the elites and other ineligible households who receive benefits under TPA were removed from the program.This paper investigates the elite capture phenomenon in TPA using village census data from a poverty-stricken county in 2017-two years after implementing the"follow-up checks"policy.We find no evidence of elite capture in TPA.The elites are unlikely to become beneficiaries or receive more benefits than non-elites.Our results contradict earlier findings that reported elite capture in TPA.We argue that the reason is the accountability emphasized by the central government in the"follow-up checks"policy.Our findings imply that having proper accountability is critical for improving targeting performance by global antipoverty initiatives.

Analysis on the Path of Local Universities’Intervention in the Sustainable Development of Poor Rural Areas in the Era of Post-Poverty Alleviation:Taking Sichuan University of Science and Engineering as an Example

China has entered the era of post-poverty alleviation,which effectively links poverty alleviation achievements with rural revitalization strategies.In the era of post-poverty alleviation,in order to effectively promote the sustainable development of poor rural areas,local colleges and universities should actively nurture the self-development skills of the needy.Local colleges and universities should guide the transformation of ideas and concepts,scientifically optimize the allocation of poverty alleviation resources,improve the interest linkage mechanism between colleges and universities,strengthen the investigation and analysis of poverty alleviation projects,improve the convergence of assistance and practice,actively create a good spiritual and cultural environment,uphold the mission of helping cadres,attach importance to the support for the development of characteristic industries,and lastly,promote the convergence of rural revitalization strategies.

POVERTY ALLEVIATION APPROACHES IN CHINA

The traditional international approach to poverty reduction is fiscal policy strategy such as tax reduction on the poor and raising taxes on the rich.China worked differently.In 2012,a targeted poverty alleviation approach was adopted.China then further launched the“rural revitalization”program through which agriculture and rural areas will be modernized and fundamentally restructured.

Study on the Precise Recognition Difficulty in Precision Poverty Alleviation

Accurate poverty alleviation refers to the poverty alleviation of different countries, different poor farmers situation, the use of compliance with the effective procedures for the implementation of accurate identification of poverty alleviation, accurate help, precise management of the way of poverty, precision identification is the prerequisite and basis for precision poverty. How to improve the precision of poverty alleviation in our country is an urgent problem to be solved in the practice of poverty alleviation. To improve the precision of poverty alleviation, it is necessary to accurately identify the poverty alleviation. Based on the background of precision poverty alleviation, the concept and significance of precision identification of poverty alleviation are expounded. On this basis, the problems of precision assistance in practice are mainly reflected in the disjointedness and the sufficient quantity of poverty alleviation resources, Cancel the help process in the matching funds, help projects and poor households tied to help form a flexible and diverse aspects of response measures.

乡村振兴战略下乡村教育转型衔接的三重向度与现实进路

乡村教育是实现农业农村现代化的重要支撑,是脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有机衔接的重要领域。在全面推进乡村振兴战略下,乡村教育转型衔接既是立足时代的应然之变,也是现实观照的必然之举,其“价值-功能-实践”的三重向度面临深刻转变,应朝着“价值理性”、“三生空间”“长效性治理”的方向发展。然而,乡村教育“为农”与“离农”的冲突博弈,教育资源有限供给与乡村发展复杂需求的供需矛盾,以及治理手段的外源依附惯性和内生动能不足问题,为转型衔接带来了诸多难点与挑战。为此,要进一步深化“一体融合”的发展理念,进行“统一灵活”的规划部署,完善“多元共治”的体制机制,以乡村教育振兴带动乡村全面振兴。

医保扶贫政策效力评价及相对贫困时期医保防贫政策优化研究——基于PMC指数模型

[目的]对我国医保扶贫政策文本进行量化评价,为进一步优化与完善相对贫困阶段医保政策、巩固医保脱贫攻坚成果、构建长效化医疗保障防贫抑贫长效机制提供决策参考。[方法]基于2018-2021年我国具有代表性的9项医保扶贫政策文本,运用文本挖掘法,建立PMC指数评价模型并进行量化评价。[结果]9项政策中,PMC指数的计算结果为P7<P9<P2<P6<P8<P5<P1<P4<P3,其中6项为优秀政策,3项为可接受政策。[结论]我国医保扶贫政策覆盖面较宽,但在政策针对性、持续性及协同性等方面尚有欠缺,建议今后政策制定或改进时,应在保持政策总体稳定的基础上,进一步关注政策对象变化及政策目标实现路径,重点探索完善医保防贫抑贫长效机制。

从教育扶贫到乡村教育振兴的政策调适与有效接续——基于国家教育扶贫政策的内容分析

乡村教育振兴是脱贫攻坚的成果巩固与战略升级,具有承接教育扶贫、奠定教育现代化发展的关键作用。在政策上,推进教育扶贫与乡村教育振兴有效衔接是全面推进乡村振兴工作的重要议题。通过构建“政策工具-政策主体-政策要素”三维立体式的分析框架,对1984—2020年国家制定的141份教育扶贫政策进行内容分析,解构政策主体合作、政策工具运用和政策要素配置的内部关系发现:教育扶贫政策体系化特征显著,形成了以教育管理为主的教育经费支持模式。但在教育扶贫与乡村教育振兴的衔接上,仍面临着政策工具选用广泛而内部结构性偏差明显、政策主体间合作普遍而深度协作力度不够、政策要素宏观配置均衡而市场作用发挥不足等的困境。建议通过完善政策工具系统协调机制、创新乡村教育振兴主体协作参与机制、深化乡村教育振兴的政策要素供给侧结构性改革等推动乡村教育政策接续创新。

广东乡村振兴和健康扶贫接续机制研究——基于政策协同的视角

目的旨在探索广东省乡村振兴与健康中国工作方案的协同治理机制,分析驻镇帮镇扶村及“组团式”紧密型帮扶政策实施的可行性和面临的挑战,以期提出切实可行的政策建议。方法通过文献综述和政策分析,系统梳理和评估广东省实施的驻镇帮镇扶村及“组团式”紧密型帮扶政策的实践效果及其挑战。结果研究提出了一系列乡村振兴与健康扶贫的多元协同治理机制,包括加强信息化建设、完善健康扶贫机制、加大健康扶贫资金投入、优化考核体系等具体措施。结论基于研究结果,提出了完善乡村振兴与健康扶贫衔接的政策建议,以提升相关政策的有效性和可持续性,为广东省乃至全国的乡村振兴与健康扶贫工作提供借鉴。

后续扶持政策赋能易地搬迁户脱贫质量:多维评估与提升策略

提升脱贫质量是巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的关键。易地扶贫搬迁是精准扶贫的代表性政策,后续扶持政策是防止搬迁户返贫的重要政策工具。因此,评估后续扶持政策的执行效果并探索其优化策略,有助于易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持阶段“精准施策”。基于陕西省易地扶贫搬迁户的1 253份调研数据,该研究首先从收入、生活、健康、教育和心理5个维度对搬迁户的脱贫质量进行了测度,随后评估了后续扶持政策对脱贫质量的提升效果,最后采用决策树算法探讨了后续扶持政策的优化策略。研究结果表明:(1)易地扶贫搬迁户之间的脱贫质量有差异,劳动力数量多和健康成员比例高的搬迁户脱贫质量较高。(2)不同后续扶持政策对脱贫质量的提升效果存在异质性。公益岗位和社区治理政策可以提升搬迁户的整体脱贫质量,产业帮扶政策可以提升搬迁户的收入质量,公益岗位、教育资助和社区治理政策可以提升搬迁户的心理质量。(3)部分后续扶持政策的执行中存在瞄准偏误现象,可基于搬迁户劳动力禀赋精准施策进而提升脱贫质量。因此,易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持期应当加强脱贫质量监测,着力提升后续扶持政策执行的精准性,防范化解返贫风险,促进搬迁群众在迁入地实现可持续发展。该研究构建了易地扶贫搬迁户脱贫质量的多维评估框架,也为易地扶贫搬迁后续扶持政策的持续优化提供了政策启示。

过渡期扎实推进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接的政策选择与建议

脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴是我国为实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标而作出的重要战略部署。党中央明确提出,在脱贫攻坚目标任务完成后设立5年过渡期,把实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接作为过渡期的一项重大战略任务。脱贫攻坚是乡村振兴的基础和前提,乡村振兴是脱贫攻坚的巩固和深化,二者既相互独立又紧密联系,做好有效衔接和协同推进,既有利于培育长效脱贫机制,又有利于促进农业农村优先发展,加快推动乡村全面振兴。在深化改革与推进乡村全面振兴背景下,深刻理解有效衔接的重大意义,准确把握衔接的正确方向,及时跟踪衔接进程中取得的新成绩新经验并不断深化拓展,敏锐发现衔接进程中出现的新情况新问题并重视解决,不仅是过渡期的工作重点,也是整个乡村振兴进程中的重要任务。

辽宁地区巩固脱贫攻坚成果高职教育政策分析

高职教育政策对于巩固脱贫攻坚成果发挥关键作用,特别在促进乡村振兴和提升农村地区经济社会发展方面。通过探讨辽宁地区在实施高职教育政策中面临的问题与挑战,如教育资源不均、教育质量参差不齐等,提出一系列改进措施,如优化政策体系、加强宣传与培训和提高资源配置等,以期通过教育政策精准实施,促进地区经济和社会全面进步,实现长期乡村振兴目标。

边境牧区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的逻辑与路径

实现边境牧区巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接,要明确二者共为抓手、互为支撑的逻辑关系。研究结合边境牧区的地区实际和发展定位,构建“衔接理念—衔接对象—衔接内容”的逻辑框架:在衔接理念上,从多元主体外部帮扶转化为激发牧民自身动力;在衔接对象上,从易返贫重点人口扩展至各族牧民群众;在衔接内容上,从巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果的短期机制,过渡为乡村振兴的“二十字方针”。基于这一逻辑框架,将衔接理念转化和衔接对象扩展贯穿于衔接内容中,提出拓展牧区特色全产业链、建立环境整治网格化“一中心”、建立牧民积分制、深化“三务融合”模式、发展牧区集体经济等路径。

新中国教育扶贫政策的历史演变及未来展望

教育是阻断贫困代际传递的根本之策,教育扶贫是新中国成立初期和改革开放初期脱贫攻坚的强劲支撑,也是后精准扶贫时代我国贫困治理战略的需要。新中国教育扶贫政策经历了萌芽阶段、奠基阶段、发展阶段、壮大阶段和成熟阶段,呈现出教育扶贫内容丰富化、主体社会化、对象精准化、方式多元化等特征。今后,教育扶贫政策的发展与完善应以人民为中心,贯彻以人为本原则;调动社会力量,构建多元主体格局;保障教育资源,持续加大经费投入;优化政策结构,构建动态政策体系;完善监督体系,确保政府公平公正。