This study investigates gender income disparity in Portuguese firms using separate Tobit models for men and women. While job segregation seems to be one of the major sources of gender disparity, women do not appear to...This study investigates gender income disparity in Portuguese firms using separate Tobit models for men and women. While job segregation seems to be one of the major sources of gender disparity, women do not appear to be systematically underpaid in predominantly female occupations, regardless of the industry. The authors found that gender pay gap is larger in domestic firms, and it increases with employees＇ accumulated tenure and decreases with advanced education for women and on labor market entry. Despite showing some encouraging cracks, the glass ceiling still continues to prevent women from reaching top management positions. Finally, despite it appears wage disparity does exist, and it will probably continue to exist, the results point towards a window of opportunity for women.展开更多
After the breakout of COVID-19,many entity industries have to shut down.The rapid decline of money transaction caused by the shutdown of the entity industries has shocked the financial service industry while the incre...After the breakout of COVID-19,many entity industries have to shut down.The rapid decline of money transaction caused by the shutdown of the entity industries has shocked the financial service industry while the increase in digital transactions also offers them opportunities.Facing both challenges and opportunities,financial services firms should change their target and compensation policy during the pandemic to survive.After analysing three major firms in this industry by using SOAR method,we conclude four keys for financial services firms to survive in COVID-19.展开更多
Since the commencement of industrial reform in Chinna, most CHinese state-owneu enterprises have adopted a deferred executive compensation policy to provide incentives for their management teams. However, the effectiv...Since the commencement of industrial reform in Chinna, most CHinese state-owneu enterprises have adopted a deferred executive compensation policy to provide incentives for their management teams. However, the effectiveness of such a policy needs to be evaluated In this paper, we specify a model of deferred executive compensation policy, in which the compensation for executives is contingent on firms ＇future revenue. The model suggests that under deferred executive compensation policies, managers exhibit an increasing level of effort in every period Furthermore, the deferred compensation policy encourages managers to make long-term investments, which might generate revenue even after the termination of managerial contracts.展开更多
文摘This study investigates gender income disparity in Portuguese firms using separate Tobit models for men and women. While job segregation seems to be one of the major sources of gender disparity, women do not appear to be systematically underpaid in predominantly female occupations, regardless of the industry. The authors found that gender pay gap is larger in domestic firms, and it increases with employees＇ accumulated tenure and decreases with advanced education for women and on labor market entry. Despite showing some encouraging cracks, the glass ceiling still continues to prevent women from reaching top management positions. Finally, despite it appears wage disparity does exist, and it will probably continue to exist, the results point towards a window of opportunity for women.
文摘After the breakout of COVID-19,many entity industries have to shut down.The rapid decline of money transaction caused by the shutdown of the entity industries has shocked the financial service industry while the increase in digital transactions also offers them opportunities.Facing both challenges and opportunities,financial services firms should change their target and compensation policy during the pandemic to survive.After analysing three major firms in this industry by using SOAR method,we conclude four keys for financial services firms to survive in COVID-19.
文摘Since the commencement of industrial reform in Chinna, most CHinese state-owneu enterprises have adopted a deferred executive compensation policy to provide incentives for their management teams. However, the effectiveness of such a policy needs to be evaluated In this paper, we specify a model of deferred executive compensation policy, in which the compensation for executives is contingent on firms ＇future revenue. The model suggests that under deferred executive compensation policies, managers exhibit an increasing level of effort in every period Furthermore, the deferred compensation policy encourages managers to make long-term investments, which might generate revenue even after the termination of managerial contracts.
