Spatial Morphology Evolution Characteristics Analysis of the Resident Population Distribution in Henan, China

The population spatial distribution pattern and its evolving pattern play an important role in regional allocation of social resources and production factors, formulation of regional development plans, construction of a better life society, and promotion of regional economic development. Based on the resident population statistics data of Henan province from 2006 to 2021, with county as the basic study unit, the paper studies the spatial morphology characteristics and its evolution patterns of resident population distribution, by using spatial analysis methods such as population distribution center, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial auto correlation analysis. The results show that: the resident population spatial distribution shows unbalanced state, the population agglomeration areas mainly distribute in the northeast part and north part, where the resident population growth rate is significantly higher than other regions, over time, this trend is gradually becoming significant. The resident population distribution has a trend of centripetal concentration, with the degree and trend of centripetal gradually strengthening. The resident population distribution has obvious directional characteristics, but the significance is not high, the weighted resident population average center is approximately located at (4.13740˚N, 113.8935˚E), and the azimuth of the distribution axis is approximately 11.19˚. The population distribution has obvious agglomeration characteristics, with the built-up areas of Zhengzhou and Luoyang as their centers, where have a significant siphon effect on the surrounding population. The southern and southwestern regions in the province form a relatively stable belt area of Low-Low agglomeration areas.

Spatial Distribution Patterns and the Evolution Process of Carbon Storage in a Typical Karst Canyon Area

Qinglong County in Guizhou, China is a typical karst canyon area. Using quadrat methods and a land use transfer matrix we studied the carbon storage spatial distribution pattern and evolution process over three independent periods （1988, 1999 and 2009） in this area. Based on the results we estimated the carbon pool capacity of the entire karst canyon area in Guizhou and contribution ratios. Carbon storage and average carbon density of the karst area in Qinglong decreased at first, and then increased over the sampling period. The actual carbon storage of the karst canyon area in Guizhou was estimated to be 42.55 Tg. The average carbon intensity of the karst canyon area in Guizhou is far higher than that of national terrestrial ecosystems, especially in vegetation areas. Through cross comparison, we found that karst canyon areas have great carbon sequestration potential and we suggest that it is necessary to control and prevent rocky desertification in karst areas in China.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Evolution Trends of Urban Aging Population

This paper selects Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Wuhan as examples and builds a database based on the statistics of the ? fth and sixth national population censuses and the latest statistics of aging population collected by ministries and commissions of the Central Government and local departments, as well as by our research team from 2000 to 2010. With its data unit accurate to Jiedao~① level, it is the ? rst time to analyze the micro-level spatial distribution characteristics of the aging population in China's mega cities in comparison with research accomplishments in geography, which lays a foundation for further relevant studies and strategy formulation. The paper draws spatial distribution maps of the aging population in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Wuhan by Geograpic Information System(GIS), and uses Aging Degree Index and Population Gravitational Center respectively to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial evolution trends of aging population in these mega cities. The research indicates that, on the one hand, the spatial distribution of the aging population shows similar characteristics with that of developed countries when they were at the same urbanization level, especially with Japan which shares a cultural homology with China; on the other hand, it is greatly in? uenced by the distribution of af? liated residential space of large industrial sectors, enterprises, and research institutes under the early planned economic system. There are two trends: one is centrifugal spread, namely, the elderly are moving from the city center to the outside; the other is centripetal concentration, namely, the elderly who lived in the outer suburbs are moving towards the city center. These phenomena, such as centripetal concentration, suburban spread, exurban concentration, and socio-spatial differentiation of urban aging population, are driven by selective development in the city center, city function upgrading, re-hollowing of villages, and occupation and income differentiation of the elderly before retirement.

Molecular evolution,virology and spatial distribution of HCV genotypes in Pakistan:A meta-analysis

Background:Hepatitis C,caused by the Hepatitis C Virus(HCV),is the second most common form of viral hepatitis.The geographical distribution of HCV genotypes can be quite complex,making it challenging to ascertain the most prevalent genotype in a specific area.Methods:To address this,a review was conducted to determine the prevalence of HCV genotypes across various provinces and as a whole in Pakistan.The scientific literature regarding the prevalence,distribution,genotyping,and epidemiology of HCV was gathered from published articles spanning the years 1996-2020.Results:Genotype 1 accounted for 5.1%of the patients,with its predominant subtype being 1a at 4.38%.The frequencies of its other subtypes,1b and 1c,were observed to be 1.0%and 0.31%respectively.Genotype 2 had a frequency of 2.66%,with the most widely distributed subtype being 2a at 2.11%of the patients.Its other subtypes,2b and 2c,had frequencies of 0.17%and 0.36%respectively.The most prevalent genotype among all isolates was 3(65.35%),with the most frequent subtype being 3a(55.15%),followed by 3b(7.18%).The prevalence of genotypes 4,5,and 6 were scarce in Pakistan,with frequencies of 0.97%,0.08%,and 0.32%respectively.The prevalence of untypeable and mixed genotypes was 21.34%and 3.53%respectively.Estimating genotypes proves to be a productive method in assisting with the duration and selection of antiviral treatment.Different HCV genotypes can exhibit variations in their response to specific antiviral treatments.Different genotypes may have distinct natural histories,including variations in disease progression and severity.Some genotypes may lead to more rapid liver damage,while others progress more slowly.Conclusions:This information can guide screening and testing strategies,helping to identify individuals at higher risk of developing severe complications.Studying the distribution of HCV genotypes in a population can provide valuable insights into the transmission dynamics of the virus.

Policy Innovation Diffusion and PPP Spatial Distribution

Since 2014,PPP policy has been promoted rapidly in China.Based on the theory of policy innovation diffusion,this paper explores the formation mechanism of PPP spatial disequilibrium at the micro level using Chinese municipal-level panel data from 2014 to 2019.According to the research,the innovation diffusion of China’s PPP policy at the local-government level exhibits R-shaped non-progressive characteristics and is influenced by both internal and external factors.On the internal side,the debt pressure of local governments is an important determinant with an inverted U-shaped influence on PPP policy.On the external side,imitation and competition among neighboring local governments are the main external determinants.This spatial strategic interaction occurs not only in same-province regions with close proximity and similar economic development but also in different-province regions with close proximity.The above studies offer certain insights into optimizing the spatial distribution pattern of PPP and guarding against fiscal risks.

The Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Evolution of City Accessibility Based on Highway Network in Henan Province in China

Accessibility is an important tool to evaluate the maturity of a regional traffic network structure which describes the traffic convenience in the traffic network. The paper defines a new accessibility index by using the resident population weighted average value of the sum of inverse of the traveling time distance and time threshold coming from ordinary traffic network, and then uses this accessibility index to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of Henan highway network, as well as its evolution patterns from 2005 to 2020. The results show that with the expansion and improvement of Henan highway network, city accessibility level has been significantly improved, spatial convergence is obvious, the cities in the north central are always High-High aggregation area, the cities in the south are always Low-Low aggregation area, gradually forming the characteristics of Northwest high and Southeast low, relative balance between East and West. There is some non-conforming phenomenon in highway mileage growth and improvement of the city accessibility levels, but this situation is being weakened, the highway network layout is gradually rationalized, the spatial distribution of city accessibility and that of population are beginning to converge.

Relationship between the temporal-spatial distribution of archaeological sites and natural environment from the Paleolithic Age to the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing area

The temporal-spatial distribution features including time distribution,horizontal and vertical spatial distribution of archaeological sites from the Paleolithic Age to the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing area are analyzed based on GIS spatial analysis.The successive pollen record of deposited peat stratum since the Paleolithic Age in the Dajiuhu Basin of Shennongjia is used in combination with the research of the historical environmental evolution to reconstruct the Paleoenvironment in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing area.Through the comparison of the temporal-spatial distribution of the archaeological sites and the natural environment,the relation between the distribution of the archaeological sites and the natural environment evolution and disaster changes from the Neolithic Age to the Tang and Song Dynasties has been discussed.Study shows that 677 archaeological sites from the Paleolithic Age to the Tang and Song Dynasties in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Chongqing area increase gradually from west to east and from high land to low land.Most of the sites are distributed along the river and aggregated at the confluence.Obviously,the altitudes of archaeological sites in the Paleolithic Age and the Neolithic Age are much higher than those of historical sites.The analysis suggests:(1)the human beings of every times would like to choose the first or the second river terrace as living sites which are nearer to the water source and are easier to with- stand flood.The pre-historical sites of earlier ages are often located at the higher altitude place because of the tectonic uplift and downcutting of rivers since Holocene.(2)Due to the rugged terrain in Chongqing area,most of the sites are located along the river sides,for example,the wide river valley and terrace,which could provide wider living space caused by the lateral erosion and deposition of the river course.(3)The early residents mainly relied on fishing,hunting and agriculture,and the rugged terrain of the mountainous area restricted the development of farming.However,in the confluence region,the fertilized plain provided an ideal location for farming and fishing.(4)The temporal-spatial distribution of archeological sites in this area is significantly affected by the climate condition.

Distribution dynamics,regional differences,and convergence of sustainable development of cities and communities in China

China is one of the most populated and rapidly urbanizing countries worldwide and was among the earliest countries to integrate sustainable development into urban construction.To achieve high-quality development and implement the objectives of“Transforming Our World:The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”,it is crucial to measure and analyze the current level of sustainable development of cities in China.Following the principles of relevance,scientific rigor,universality,reliability,and timeliness,this study constructs an assessment index system for sustainable development,covering seven themes corresponding to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11.Through detailed calculations,we obtained sustainable development indices for 139 Chinese cities from 2016 to 2022 and analyzed them in three dimensions:distribution dynamics,regional differences,and convergence.The key findings are as follows.First,the level of sustainable development showed improvement,with the average score of included cities increasing by 11.88%from 2016 to 2022.Second,the level of sustainable development was relatively balanced,maintaining low Gini coefficients between 0.05 and 0.06.Third,a weak overallσconvergence feature existed,with increased differentiation in 2021.From a regional perspective,aσconvergence feature was observed in the northeastern but not in the western region.Fourth,both overall absoluteβ-convergence and conditionalβeffects were significant.Regional absoluteβ-convergence and conditionalβ-convergence were also significant.This study contributes to the literature by providing evidence of China’s urban sustainable development,offering policy insights for deepening the implementation of development goals in the future,and providing experiential reference for other developing countries to achieve sustainable development.

要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响机理与空间分异研究

城乡要素双向自由流动有利于提高要素配置效率和优化城乡关系,促进城乡融合发展。现有关于要素流动对城乡融合发展的研究主要围绕传统生产要素对城乡融合发展的研究展开讨论,鲜有文献将数据这一新型生产要素纳入城乡要素流动范围并探索其对城乡融合发展的影响机理。基于2010—2021年中国31个省份的面板数据,在测算要素流动、城乡融合发展水平的基础上,构建双向固定效应模型、地理加权回归模型和中介效应模型实证检验要素流动对城乡融合发展的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:第一,全国要素流动总指数呈现出小幅度增长的态势,位于均值之上的地区中64%是城乡融合发展试验区,说明城乡融合发展政策实施具有重要的引导作用;第二,要素流动显著促进城乡融合发展,这一结论在引入城乡之间距离作为工具变量进行内生性检验、采用删除4个直辖市和缩短时间窗口的方法进行稳健性检验之后仍然成立;第三,空间异质性分析中,劳动力、土地和数据要素始终表现出促进城乡融合发展的作用,随着时间的推移,土地要素对不同地区城乡融合发展影响程度逐渐增强、影响范围逐步扩大,技术要素对城乡融合发展的促进逐渐凸现,由华东和华南地区向东北和西南地区转移;第四,在要素流动影响城乡融合发展的过程中,电商销售是要素流动影响城乡融合发展的重要途径,农业机械化和产业结构变迁并未发挥出中介变量的作用,不同于已有的研究结果。因此,今后持续深化城乡融合发展的内涵与外延、拓展深度与广度;始终以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,运用科学的世界观和方法论,坚持整体推进与试点示范相统一的指导原则,推广实践中形成的典型经验。研究结论为城乡要素双向合理流动的机制建立、城乡融合发展体制机制的健全提供了理论和经验上的参考。

官控层级作用下海盐聚落体系演变研究——以明清两淮盐区为例

梳理明清海盐产区官控层级由“分司-盐场-团”向“分司-盐场-灶”发展过程中各层级职能的变化,建立与官控层级对应的“分司-场治-团”和“分司-场治-市镇-生产”的聚落发展体系。从时间纵向的角度,立足官控层级重心迁移,结合经济、自然、文化等因素的变化,解析海盐聚落体系整体格局的纵横发展,总结聚落体系层级格局分布的演变规律。立足官控层级职能变迁,结合明清海盐聚落体系空间构成要素的量化分析,对海盐聚落体系层级空间形态的演变规律进行总结。研究现代东部沿海聚落体系的由来和发展过程,并为后续古代海盐手工业聚落体系的全面构建奠定基础。

上海市工业遗产时空分布及保护利用研究

基于各级别文物保护名单,利用ArcGIS软件,对上海市工业遗产的时空分布和保护利用进行分析。结果表明:(1)上海工业遗产时间跨度大、历史延续性强,整体可以分为3个阶段:散点期,上海工业发展缓慢,留下的工业遗产数量相对较少;密集期,上海建成相对完整的工业体系,此期间留下的工业遗产数量激增;回落期,工业发展迅猛,工业遗产数量却大大减少。(2)上海在工业遗产的保护与利用上虽有不足,未来仍需坚持保护优先与合理利用相结合、信息公开与决策透明相融合、分级管理与动态传承相促进、联动规划与社区融合相统一的四项关键原则,现阶段已发展出文化艺术空间、文化消费空间、文化休闲空间3种主要利用模式,可为其他各地工业遗产保护与利用提供参考。

制造业全球跨境并购网络空间格局演化及影响因素

本文以1997~2019年制造业全球跨境并购的交易事件数作为样本,探究2008年金融危机前后制造业跨境并购网络空间演变特征及其影响因素的差异性。结果发现:制造业跨境并购网络聚集程度略微降低,但网络联系的规模、强度及密度等均呈现增长的趋势;制造业跨境并购网络的重心由以欧美主导的经济体向亚太地区倾斜;推力因素包括经济、技术、自然资源和劳动力距离等资源标的动机均对制造业跨境并购联系的形成产生负向影响;拉力因素在金融危机前后对制造业跨境并购网络形成的影响不同;地理距离对其产生负向影响;而制度距离由2008年前的正向影响变为无影响;汇率和教育距离则分别由2008年前的无影响变为正向和负向影响。

我国数字经济创新政策热点领域图谱分析与空间布局研究

文章运用文本编码、内容分析系统梳理了我国31个省市自治区数字经济创新政策的热点与布局,并运用共词网络分析、聚类分析等方法对政策文件的热点领域图谱与空间布局进行了研究。研究发现,在关键词图谱方面,构建现代化的产业体系、建设高质量的数据平台、实现传统产业的数字化转型是我国现阶段各省市自治区数字经济创新政策的重点;在空间聚类图谱方面,要充分利用东部沿海地区数字经济发达省份的优势,与西部数字经济发展水平相对落后的地区开展跨区域数字经济联动协同发展;在数字产业化方面,人工智能、大数据、区块链等产业是各个省市自治区数字经济发展的热点,量子通信、VR/AR、智能机器人、数字内容和智能感知等数字产业的关注度不足,只有部分省份进行了产业布局;在产业数字化方面,数字政府、数字基础设施、数字服务、数字医疗等是数字应用场景的布局焦点,对于数字环境、数字贸易、数字文化、数字乡村和数字金融等产业的数字化转型,只有少部分省份进行了布局且政策强度不足。通过空间布局研究发现,我国数字产业化和产业数字化的政策空间布局存在区域间不平衡不充分的现象,即东中西部的省市自治区之间存在数字经济发展的“政策鸿沟”,80%省份布局的数字产业和数字应用场景集中在20%的数字经济领域,提出了各省市自治区数字经济空间差异化布局和协同发展的政策建议。

中国市域城乡收入差距时空演化及影响因素

共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求,缩小城乡收入差距是实现共同富裕和城乡融合发展过程中不可回避的现实问题。基于2012—2021年366个市域研究单元城乡收入比的数据,综合运用核密度估计和探索性空间数据分析等研究方法对中国城乡收入差距的时空演化特征进行探析,再借助地理加权回归模型探究各影响因素对中国不同地区城乡收入差距影响程度的空间分异特征。结果表明:(1)2012—2021年中国的城乡收入差距呈现出逐渐缩小的态势,同时各市域间城乡收入差距的相对差异也在不断缩小。(2)中国城乡收入差距的低值区主要分布在东南沿海地区以及黑龙江省和新疆维吾尔自治区的少数城市,高值区主要分布在云贵山区、西藏自治区和黄河中上游的部分城市。从全局趋势来看,中国的城乡收入差距呈现出西高东低、南高北低、中间高两边低的空间分布格局。(3)市域尺度下,中国的城乡收入差距呈现出显著的空间正相关性,城乡收入差距大的市域和城乡收入差距小的市域均趋于集聚。(4)影响因素存在区域异质性,各地区在缩小城乡收入差距、统筹城乡发展的过程中要实施因地制宜的政策。

放牧压力对中国北方农牧交错带生态系统健康的影响

中国北方农牧交错带生态系统敏感脆弱、不稳定,其健康状况受多种因素影响,其中以放牧为代表的人类经济活动影响显著。高强度放牧是造成草地退化的重要原因,草地退化又是影响草原生态系统健康的关键因素。利用归一化植被指数和牲畜量量化放牧压力,并选取合理的模型探究放牧对于中国北方农牧交错带生态健康的影响,确定合理的放牧强度和策略,以实现草畜平衡和区域可持续发展。基于“活力-组织力-弹性-生态服务”(VORS)模型,构建起包括自然、社会等多方面的指标体系,评估了2000—2015年北方农牧交错带的生态健康系统水平,并采用Moran′s I探讨放牧压力和生态系统健康指数的空间相关性,并从普通最小二乘法、地理加权回归模型、时间加权回归模型和时空地理加权回归模型选择最优回归模型,揭示放牧压力对于生态系统健康的影响机制。结果表明:(1)2000—2015年放牧强度格局高值区域主要为内蒙古草原地区,低值区域主要为陕西高原地区。(2)2000—2015年中国北方农牧交错带的生态系统健康指数呈现上升趋势,区域整体处于亚健康状态和一般健康状态。(3)全局双变量Moran′s I结果显示在2000—2015年呈现负相关影响关系,但影响力度在变小。(4)多种回归模型相比较,GTWR模型表现最优。2000—2015年,正向驱动空间集中在内蒙古、辽宁以及山西省区县;负向驱动空间集中在陕西省、甘肃等区域,同时影响强度持续增强。研究通过不同区县、不同的草原的反应状况,提出放牧政策的不同实施建议,致力于实现草原资源的可持续利用和生态系统的持续健康。

新世纪美国农业补贴政策:演变、特征与启示

文章分析了美国农业法案演进特征和农场生产特征,分别从时间和空间视角剖析了不同类型农业补贴发展趋势,结构差异及空间演变特征。研究发现:第一,美国农场呈现出单个规模扩大,形式多元分化以及集中化程度不断提高的发展趋势,前20%的农场几乎获得了当年全部农业补贴,补贴在不同农场之间的分布极其不均衡。第二,不同农产品之间的补贴支持强度存在较大差异,政府会有偏向性地对一些农产品进行大量补贴,使其获得更高的补贴以及更强的国际竞争力。第三,不同类型农业补贴增长波动性大,呈现出增减交替变换的特征;农业补贴在各州存在较大的区域差距,呈现出中南部地区补贴高而东部西部地区补贴低的空间分布格局。

城市高质量发展的水平测度与时空演变

文章基于五大发展理念的,把握城市高质量发展内涵,构建包含投入、期望产出和非期望产出的城市高质量发展评价指标体系,运用超效率SBM模型测度2011—2021年我国211个地级市的高质量发展水平,分析其时空演化趋势,并采用Dagum基尼系数法和核密度估计法,研判城市总体、各地区和六大城市群高质量发展水平的非均衡分布特征。研究发现:城市高质量发展水平整体呈现“东西部高、中部低”的分布特征,空间集聚特征显著;西部地区多极分化态势明显,中部地区次之,东部地区整体协调度最高;研究期间城市高质量发展水平的区域间差异贡献均小于区域内差异贡献,且总体基尼系数和区域间差异贡献呈现下降趋势,表明城市高质量发展有从非均衡差异化状态向包容性增长转变的趋势。

河南省淘宝村时空演化特征及其影响因素

利用平均最近邻、核密度、标准差椭圆、地理探测器等分析方法,对河南省2014—2022年河南省淘宝村数据进行分析。结果表明,当前河南省淘宝村在空间分布类型上属于集聚分布,并呈现“一轴两心,中西部集聚”的分布格局;河南省淘宝村在空间演化上呈现“自西向东,先北后南”的扩散特征,在市域层面呈现逐渐明显的集聚特征并形成洛阳、郑州、南阳等淘宝村高密度分布区;对河南省淘宝村发展影响较大的5项因素依次是政府政策、产业基础、物流快递、交通条件、经济条件。

公共政策与社会共识的协调治理——以土地增值收益分配改革为例

研究目的:总结土地增值收益分配公共政策与社会共识的失调现象及协调治理路径,为进一步深化土地制度改革提供参考。研究方法:理论分析和归纳演绎。研究结果:(1)公共政策与社会共识存在两类失调现象,一是公共政策吸纳社会共识不足,二是公共政策引领社会共识不足,实现有效治理应基于对二者共生演化关系的准确认识;(2)在中国土地增值收益分配改革过程中,公共政策与社会共识的两类失调同时存在,一方面,土地增值收益分配公共政策对动态发展的社会共识响应不够及时、吸纳不够充分,另一方面,土地增值收益分配改革对社会共识的引领塑造效应不够彰显;(3)新时代土地增值收益分配改革,在化解公共政策与社会共识第一类失调问题上取得进展,在引领塑造社会共识方面仍需强化。研究结论:应坚持公共政策与社会共识共生演化的系统观念,注重对土地增值收益分配公共政策与社会共识的协调治理,提升土地增值收益分配改革创新的效率。