Innovative Practice of Science and Technology Supported Western Village Public Cultural Services in China

The shortage and inefficiency of public cultural services are common problems in China, especially in the western regions. Baiyun District has made use- ful exploration to the construction of rural public cultural service system, network system, resource system, management system and service system.

Science and Technology Associations and Social Governance of Britain in the Middle and Late 19^(th) Century

Civil science and technology associations have been widely springing up everywhere in Britain, especially the new industrial towns in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Associations held various academic activities, organized and funded scientific research, which played an important role in promoting the progress of science and technology and the development of industrial society. Based on case study on British Association for the Advancement of Science and Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society by academic circles at home and abroad, development situation of British science and technology associations in the middle and late 19^(th) century is summarized, and a series of activities of associations participating in industrial and agricultural development and environmental health reform are systematically sorted out, while the promoting role of science and technology associations in the social development of Britain in the 19^(th) century is explored.

Promoting Public Understanding in the Science of Geology

Geology is perhaps the most fascinating of the natural sciences, due to its all-encompassing nature. Virtually all human activities that occur on planet Earth--including agriculture, energy and mineral resource exploration and extraction; environmental and public policy on natural resources management and protection; land use planning; infrastructure development; and ecological tourism--all depend on various aspects of geology and its sub-disciplines. Due to the importance of geology in the daily lives of human beings, it is imperative that all persons develop at least a basic understanding of the science. In this paper, the current efforts for promoting public understanding in geology will be examined, with offerings of alternatives and supplements to these efforts. Information from the science education sub-disciplines of HPS （history, philosophy and sociology） of science, and informal/free-choice learning will be woven into the framework of the geology-public understanding idea.

Present Situation of Rural Regional Development and Agricultural Extension Policy

The formulation of agricultural extension policy and the development of rural regional economy present the relationship of mutual existence,mutual influence and mutual promotion.Therefore,it is necessary to study the agricultural extension policy according to the current situation of rural regional development.Agricultural technology extension system is an organization set up at county and township levels to provide farmers with scientific research achievements and practical technical services on planting,animal husbandry,fishery,forestry,agricultural machinery and water conservancy,and it is an important carrier for implementing the strategy of developing agriculture through science and technology.On the basis of expounding the value and significance of rural regional economic development,this paper analyzes the problems existing in China s rural regional development from the aspects of rural infrastructure and public services,rural labor force s cultural and scientific level,rural grass-roots extension system,etc.,and puts forward corresponding measures against the problems.This study has certain theoretical reference value for promoting the all-round development of China s rural economy and realizing the great strategy of rural revitalization in China.

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation： A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Purpose： First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature （scientific non-patent references, SNPRs）. Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach： In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings： We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%-4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a ＂second order SNPR approach＂ enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations： The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications： The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers （TRPs）. In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value： The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technologyrelevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

Equipping the Public Primary Schools in Puebla： The Case of the Enciclomedia System in the State of Puebla, Mexico

The primary school system in Mexico is affected by serious shortfalls in the installation of related information and communication technologies resources in the teaching-learning process. This lack of resources has an impact of the context of the digital divide as well as in joining the knowledge society. The present article will deal with the outfitting of classrooms with the enciclomedia system in the 5tb and 6th grade in the State of Puebla. It will demonstrate important findings, demonstrating the deepening digital divide between the state capital and the rest of the municipalities in this state. In fact, the furthest （300 km far away from Puebla city） the less primary school equipped with the enciclomedia system. We will also demonstrate the resource distribution by school-type and inhabitants. Another finding is the influence in resource distribution by political party. This study should provide public policy decision-makers with valuable information for the apportionment of resources in all municipalities of the State of Puebla.

Prospects of Germany’s Sci-Tech Policy in the Post-Merkel Era

During Angela Merkel’s administration,the German government supported scientific and technological policies that promote German socioeconomic development.After a narrow election win for the Social Democratic Party,Merkel’s position as chancellor will be filled by a leader chosen by a coalition of Germany’s political parties which differ somewhat in their positions on science and technology policy.Also affected by ChinaUS competition,EU strategy,and domestic political pressures in response to economic slowdown and the summer’s heavy flooding,post-Merkel policy is likely to increase both state intervention in scientific research and its investment in climate neutralizing technology,meanwhile strengthening trans-Atlantic tech cooperation and adjusting to China’s competitiveness,with ideology in mind.In the post-Merkel era,there will be more competition between Germany and China.

Science,technology,and innovation in health for the next twenty years:A survey analysis in Colombia

Background:Colombia is a Latin American country with a very complex social and political context that has not allowed the allocation of sufficient resources to the fields of science,technology,and innovation(STI).This is particularly worrying for the area of health since not enough resources are allocated for public health,research,or education.Methods:The so-called“Great Survey in Health 2019”was administered online through the SurveyMonkey platform to 5298 people in different regions of the country,representing the public,private,and academic sectors.The questionnaire consisted of 46 open and closed questions,including demographic inquiries.Data analysis involved textual analytics and sentiment analysis.Results:Overall,56%of those surveyed were women within the adult life cycle.Most respondents had a postgraduate education.Greater participation was observed in the Oriental,Bogotá,and Antioquia regions,which also concentrate the largest number of resources for STI.Among the main recommendations derived from the results,priorities include investing in research,personalised medicine,promoting the social appropriation of knowledge,addressing mental health,regulating research through a statute,promoting undergraduate research,and establishing recertification exams to pursue excellence.Conclusion:The results of this original study serve as a fundamental input to promote and strengthen the STI processes in life sciences and health.They serve as a guide to generate public policies and actions that guarantee better health and well-being for the Colombian population,strategically proposing a clear roadmap for the next 20 years.

Publicizing Science! To What Purpose? (Revisiting the notion of public communication of science and technology)

A [1] common lament in the realm of science and technology culture (SL and PCST [2]) is the scant regard for publicizing science and technology.Similarly decried is the chronic lack of knowledge of science and technology by a high proportion of the general public, who are said to be de facto deprived of the right to speak on issues concerning them since they cannot grasp the real impact on society of the spinoffs from science and technology development. PCST actors reiterate that the real challenge is to maintain our individual and collective capacity for intervention in a knowledge society that is ever more complex to decipher and master.……

Japanese Science and Technology Basic Plan: A Perspective of Policy Process

The Japanese government formulates the Science and Technology Basic Plan every five years based on the Science and Technology Basic Law, and indicates the future direction of Japan’s science and technology. This paper describes its history, significance, and decision process of this Science and Technology Basic Plan. Then this paper describes the characteristics of the previous five plans, contributions to Japanese science and technological activities, and its challenges for the future. In the formulation of the Science and Technology Basic Plan, the role of the Council for Science and Technology Policy has been significant. However, after establishing Shinzo Abe administration, the inclination to global innovation has been emphasized in Japan as well, the Council for Science and Technology Policy was renamed the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation, and the midterm and annual strategies centered on innovation have also been prepared. This paper described these movements.Japan suffers from population decline and the increase in governmental deficits, and there is also a tendency towards weakness in science and technology innovation. To formulate more suitable science and technology basic plans will revitalize and strengthen Japan’s science and technology innovation.

Perspectives of Science and Technology in Disaster Risk Reduction of Asia

Science and technology innovation has always been present in Asia,but its application in disaster risk reduction(DRR) has been differential.In Asia,globally significant hotspots of disasters and economic development have emerged in which the application of science and technology in DRR has become an essential requirement for informed decision making.Science has supported establishment and implementation of major international initiatives in DRR,including the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015.The more recent Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030 recognizes the importance of science and technology in all of its priority action areas,and subsequent global and regional forums and conferences have reconfirmed science and technology's importance.To perceive and monitor the progress of science and technology in DRR,a qualitative assessment of different countries is made using three major attributes:(1) science-based decision making;(2) investment in science and technology;and(3) the intensity of science's link to the public.This assessment exercise points out several strengths and weaknesses in science and technology application;the method can be employed to develop future multistakeholder and multidisciplinary science and technology plans at the country level.To implement regional and national activities,a set of 15 recommendations is put forward,which will strengthen the collective regional "science voice" in DRR.

Reflections on a Science and Technology Agenda for 21st Century Disaster Risk Reduction Based on the Scientific Content of the 2016 UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–203

The first international conference for the post-2015 United Nations landmark agreements(Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, Sustainable Development Goals, and Paris Agreement on Climate Change) was held in January 2016 to discuss the role of science and technology in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 aimed to discuss and endorse plans that maximize science's contribution to reducing disaster risks and losses in the coming 15 years and bring together the diversity of stakeholders producing and using disaster risk reduction(DRR) science and technology. This article describes the evolution of the role of science and technology in the policy process building up to the Sendai Framework adoption that resulted in an unprecedented emphasis on science in the text agreed on by 187 United Nations member states in March 2015 and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in June 2015. Contributions assembled by the Conference Organizing Committee and teams including the conference concept notes and the conference discussions that involved a broad range of scientists and decision makers are summarized in this article. The conference emphasized how partnerships and networks can advance multidisciplinary research and bring together science, policy, and practice; how disaster risk is understood, and how risks are assessed and early warning systems are designed; what data, standards, and innovative practices would be needed to measure and report on risk reduction; what research and capacity gaps exist and how difficulties in creating and using science for effective DRR can be overcome. The Science and Technology Conference achieved two main outcomes:(1) initiating the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership for the implementation of the Sendai Framework; and(2) generating discussion and agreement regarding the content and endorsement process of the UNISDR Science and Technology Road Map to 2030.

Natural Resource and Energy:Towards Sustainable Use and Development

The paper articulates the role of energy sector and its impact on the natural resources and biodiversity, focusing on traditional energy consumption in rural areas;renewable energy technology,gender dimension on rural energy,the energy sector in its geo-political, social and economic settings as well as technology policy on integrating energy planning.It advocates how sub-Saharan Africans are

Public Reaction to Scientific Research via Twitter Sentiment Prediction

Purpose:Social media users share their ideas,thoughts,and emotions with other users.However,it is not clear how online users would respond to new re search outcomes.This study aims to predict the nature of the emotions expressed by Twitter users toward scientific publications.Additionally,we investigate what features of the research articles help in such prediction.Identifying the sentiments of research articles on social media will help scientists gauge a new societal impact of their research articles.Design/methodology/appro ach:Several tools are used for sentiment analysis,so we applied five sentiment analysis tools to check which are suitable for capturing a tweet’s sentiment value and decided to use NLTK VADER and TextBlob.We segregated the sentiment value into negative,positive,and neutral.We measure the mean and median of tweets’sentiment value for research articles with more than one tweet.We next built machine learning models to predict the sentiments of tweets related to scientific publications and investigated the essential features that controlled the prediction models.Findings:We found that the most important feature in all the models was the sentiment of the research article title followed by the author count.We observed that the tree-based models performed better than other classification models,with Random Forest achieving 89%accuracy for binary clas sification and 73%accuracy for three-label clas sification.Research limitations:In this research,we used state-of-the-art sentiment analysis libraries.However,these libraries might vary at times in their sentiment prediction behavior.Tweet sentiment may be influenced by a multitude of circumstances and is not always immediately tied to the paper’s details.In the future,we intend to broaden the scope of our research by employing word2 vec models.Practical implications:Many studies have focused on understanding the impact of science on scientists or how science communicators can improve their outcomes.Research in this area has relied on fewer and more limited measures,such as citations and user studies with small datasets.There is currently a critical need to find novel methods to quantify and evaluate the broader impact of research.This study will help scientists better comprehend the emotional impact of their work.Additionally,the value of understanding the public’s interest and reactions helps science communicators identify effective ways to engage with the public and build positive connections between scientific communities and the public.Originality/value:This study will extend work on public engagement with science,sociology of science,and computational social science.It will enable researchers to identify areas in which there is a gap between public and expert understanding and provide strategies by which this gap can be bridged.

科技助力体育的时代背景、现实困境与路径优化

在科技赋能的时代背景下,科技已成为体育领域优化和升级的重要驱动力。理清科技助力体育领域的外在条件与内生需求,科技推动体育发展变化的动力逻辑、运动场景需要的应用逻辑及体育产业转型的变革逻辑;着重以透过客观事实探究问题本原,剖析体育科技研究与应用困境的主要表现、重要问题和本质原因;在紧抓自身治理与侧重社会协同的内外路径下,结合政策手段提出综合思路对策,以此引导支持科技助力体育,持续推进体育发展。目前,体育科技战略体系在依托现有社会经济基础与分配关系上,无法支撑其克服研发应用的粗放局面,以实现长效稳态运行,这一问题解决对于体育领域各项工作能否有效实现社会化与市场化亦至关重要。在治本上,应加强民生建设,壮大实体经济,完善分配机制,合理制度安排,实现体育与民生联动发展;在治标上,集中体育科研力量于专门分工具体领域,再过渡覆盖到整个体育领域,研发体系重视基础科学研究、完善成果转化和人才绩效的评价机制。

Operationalizing Sustainability Principles in the Engineering Profession

The engineering profession has responded to the issue of sustainable development in two main ways. It has responded through public policy statements that acknowledge the magnitude of the problem in addition to pledging to steer engineering towards a more sustainable future, and it has also responded more directly through technological innovation. In this paper, these two responses will be explored with respect to the debate on how to operationalize sustainability principles in practical terms. This paper also attempts to provide the rationale for a philosophy of engineering ethics grounded in the notion of sustainable development. It is hoped that this would lead to a revised “social contract” that would enable engineers to engage more actively in political, technical, economic and social discussions and processes.

Research on the evolutionary characteristics of evaluation policies of Chinese science and technology talents

Science and technology talent evaluation is an important part of the talent development system and mechanism,and the state's emphasis on science and technology talent evaluation is reflect-ed in the national policy.This paper takes 49 policy documents on science and technology tal-ent evaluation issued by the state from 1978 to 2022 as the object,and uses policy text analysis,word frequency analysis and co-word network analysis to interpret the content of the policies.These policy texts are divided into four stages.200 high-frequency words were extracted from the policies in each stage after word segmentation was made,and the co-word matrixes and co-word networks were constructed for each stage.The research draws the following conclu-sions:1)The content of Chinese science and technology talent evaluation policies is gradually becoming concrete,and the concept of science and technology talent evaluation is gradually clear;2)The policies have transitioned from"scientific and technological development"to"sci-entific and technological innovation";3)The distribution of policies with different strengths is uneven;4)The cooperation between all departments involved in policy formulation is not e-nough.

Factors influencing the tobacco control policy process in Egypt and Iran:a scoping review

Introduction:Tobacco control policy is essential for addressing the growing tobacco consumption seen in the Eastern Mediterranean Region,the single greatest preventable contributor to the non-communicable disease epidemic.Egypt and Iran have had varied success in using policy to combat this issue.The study aims to identify and compare the factors which have influenced different stages of the policy process-evidence generation,development and implementation.Methods:A scoping review was conducted with a systematic search of 7 databases which was conducted along with searches of Google Scholar,and the World Health Organisation and Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office websites to identify influencing factors at each stage of the policy process.Results:Twenty-seven relevant articles were identified from the literature search.Factors identified as influencing tobacco control policy in these countries were lobbying by the tobacco industry,the rise of water-pipe smoking,lack of political commitment and the lack of resources to for policy implementation.Iran was found to be leading Egypt on all three areas of the policy process.Implementation was found to be the most pivotal part of the policy process and the area in which Egypt was weakest compared to Iran.Conclusion:This study addresses a gap in knowledge concerning tobacco control in the Middle East and has identified multiple factors which are potentially slowing the process of enforcing policy to address tobacco consumption.Iran is the regional leader for tobacco control and it is important for Egypt to assess the transferability of its tactics and immediately start implementing measures to control tobacco use.

科技报告政策细粒度知识图谱构建及应用研究

[目的/意义]科技报告作为我国重要的科技信息资源,不断促进国家的科技创新发展。构建科技报告政策细粒度知识图谱,并探讨其应用价值,对了解、制定和优化相关的政策,保证科技报告质量,提升科技报告工作效率,促进国家科技创新具有重要意义。[方法/过程]收集并整理近10年的科技报告政策,深入挖掘其基本信息和政策文本内容,利用SciAIEngine、Excel、Gephi等工具进行细粒度知识分类聚类,构建科技报告政策细粒度知识图谱。依据政策之间的细粒度知识关联情况,探究图谱在科技报告政策领域的应用价值。[结果/结论]细粒度知识图谱可用于科技报告政策的知识查询、知识统计和内容聚类分析,还可为政策优化提供一定的依据,未来可在科技报告制度建设、科技资源共享、知识产权保护和国家科技报告服务系统方面继续探究。研究虽有所不足,但对未来研究仍有一定的帮助与启发。

The health care economic-industrial complex: Concepts and general characteristics

The strategic role of health care within the Brazilian development agenda has been increasingly recognized and institutionalized. Aside from its importance as a structural element of the Welfare State, health care plays a leading role in generating innovation. Despite this, the productive base of Brazil’s health care system is extremely fragile, jeopardizing both the universal provision of health care services and the country’s competitive insertion in the globalized environment. This suggests the need for a more systematic analysis of the complex relationships that exist between the technological and the social interests involved in the productive base of health care provision in Brazil. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to enhance our understanding of the productive base of health care, especially given its potential to contribute to a socially inclusive development model, which is the ultimate goal in Brazil.