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Semantic Foundation and Evolution Mechanism of the“好不X”(haobu X)Structure
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作者 Qian Wang Qinwei Zhou +2 位作者 Di Zhang Jiajia Shi Siqian Cheng 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第10期1-15,共15页
In Chinese,the“好不X”(haobu X)structure expresses three types of meanings(negation,affirmation,and both affirmation-negation),where X exhibits differences in semantic symmetry.So far,no systematic explanatory theory... In Chinese,the“好不X”(haobu X)structure expresses three types of meanings(negation,affirmation,and both affirmation-negation),where X exhibits differences in semantic symmetry.So far,no systematic explanatory theory has been proposed to account for these differences.Therefore,this paper presents and argues for an explanatory hypothesis that progresses through four stages:“很不X”(henbu X)=>“好不X”(haobu X)(negation)=>[ironic use]“好不X”(haobu X)(affirmation)=>expansion and obstruction of affirmative“好不”(haobu).Specifically,(1)the basis of the negation“好不X”(haobu X)is attributed to“很不X”(henbu X),and the semantic asymmetry of X(excluding negative words)is explained using politeness principles,irony,and the semantic valence of negation results;(2)the ironic use of the negation“好不X”(haobu X)gives rise to the affirmation“好不X”(haobu X);(3)the grammaticalization and expansion of the positive meaning of“好不”(haobu)extend to X,which cannot appear in the negative meaning“好不__”structure(including words with opposite meanings and high polarity positive words).This explains the semantic symmetry of X in the positive meaning“好不X”(haobu X)structure;(4)when the affirmation“好不”(haobu)expands to the negation“好不X”(haobu X),it encounters both obstacles(X includes neutral and some positive words)and compatibility(X is some other positive words),thus explaining the semantic asymmetry of X in the affirmation-negation“好不X”(haobu X)(i.e.,X is positive words). 展开更多
关键词 haobu X Semantic(a)symmetry of X politeness principle IRONY Semantic valence Adverb“hao”
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Politeness principle in English tourism advertisements
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作者 唐沛 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2008年第7期61-65,共5页
Based on Grice's cooperative principle, Brown and Levinson's politeness strategy, Leech put forward his politeness principle, which serves as a pragmatic principle in daily interpersonal and business communication. ... Based on Grice's cooperative principle, Brown and Levinson's politeness strategy, Leech put forward his politeness principle, which serves as a pragmatic principle in daily interpersonal and business communication. Tourism advertisements, as a means of business communication, have a close relationship with politeness principle. This paper, tram the perspective of the six maxims of politeness principle, analyzes and explores their application to English tourism advertisements and discusses the role of politeness principle in English tourism advertisements. 展开更多
关键词 TOURISM ADVERTISEMENT politeness principle
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Application of the Politeness Principle in the Teachers-Students Communication
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作者 乙晓晓 《英语广场(学术研究)》 2012年第4期55-56,共2页
In daily communication between teachers and students,many Chinese teachers fail to use politeness principle tactfully or appropriately.This article analyzes some basic principles of politeness and their application in... In daily communication between teachers and students,many Chinese teachers fail to use politeness principle tactfully or appropriately.This article analyzes some basic principles of politeness and their application in teachers-students communication. 展开更多
关键词 politeness of the language politeness principle teachers and students communication
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The Application of Politeness Principle in Business English Letter
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作者 马思思 《海外英语》 2019年第22期90-91,97,共3页
With the further globalization of China's economy and the continuous development of China's market economy in recent years,the foreign commercial activities of Chinese enterprises become more and more frequent... With the further globalization of China's economy and the continuous development of China's market economy in recent years,the foreign commercial activities of Chinese enterprises become more and more frequent.Subsequently,business correspondence becomes increasingly important because of its unique function in business trade.This paper combines the classical politeness theory of linguistics with the writing of business English letters,and analyzes the ways to realize politeness strategies in business English letters,so that people can better use politeness strategies to optimize the communication effect in international business communication. 展开更多
关键词 Business English politeness Principle Letters Writing COMMUNICATION
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A Study on the Application of Politeness Strategies in International Business Negotiation
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作者 张栋栋 《海外英语》 2016年第23期238-241,共4页
Under the influence of economic globalization, international business negotiation is becoming more and more frequent. Politeness principle is an important pragmatic strategy in international business negotiation, repr... Under the influence of economic globalization, international business negotiation is becoming more and more frequent. Politeness principle is an important pragmatic strategy in international business negotiation, representing good cultural quality and professional ethics image. In the course of business negotiation, how to properly use politeness language and pay attention to politeness strategy will affect the result of negotiation. 展开更多
关键词 politeness strategies international business negotiation politeness principle APPLICATION
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Analysis of Vagueness in Diplomatic Language from the Politeness Principle
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作者 黄珊 易春燕 《海外英语》 2018年第11期226-227,共2页
The Politeness Principle overcomes the shortcoming of the Cooperative Principle which can not explain why people tend to express their ideas in an indirect and implicit way. In diplomacy field, politeness is one of th... The Politeness Principle overcomes the shortcoming of the Cooperative Principle which can not explain why people tend to express their ideas in an indirect and implicit way. In diplomacy field, politeness is one of the basic norms governing diplomat's behavior. Vagueness is always tactfully used by diplomats to achieve politeness, avoid conflict and so on, which conforms to the Politeness Principle. Among the maxims of Politeness Principle, the Tact maxim, Approbation maxim and Agreement maxim are frequently observed by diplomats. 展开更多
关键词 politeness Principle VAGUENESS diplomatic language
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On the Politeness in College English Teachers' Classroom Talk
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作者 XI Hong-mei SONG Hong QU Ying LIU Dan 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2015年第3期159-163,共5页
Teachers' talk is an important aspect for conducting college English class effectively. It plays crucial roles in giving instructions, organizing classroom norm, and facilitating students' language acquisition. Base... Teachers' talk is an important aspect for conducting college English class effectively. It plays crucial roles in giving instructions, organizing classroom norm, and facilitating students' language acquisition. Based on Leech's Politeness Principle, this paper has analyzed the politeness in teachers' classroom talk and explored the functions it possesses as well. The study shows that the politeness feature of college English teachers' classroom talk is the consequences of observing each maxim of the Politeness Principle and is of the functions such as making effective cornmnication, keeping friendly relations with students, saving students' face, etc.. Conducting research on politeness in teachers' talk is conducive to understanding the process of language teaching and learning. 展开更多
关键词 eachers' talk politeNESS politeness Principle
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Research on the Pragmatics of Politeness Principle of Bulletin Board System based on the Differences of Gender and Habits
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作者 Guojun Li 《International Journal of Technology Management》 2015年第9期56-58,共3页
In this paper, we conduct research on the pragmatics of politeness principle of bulletin board system based on the differences of gender and habits. The openness of the Internet makes all kinds of information received... In this paper, we conduct research on the pragmatics of politeness principle of bulletin board system based on the differences of gender and habits. The openness of the Internet makes all kinds of information received into the vision of an equal chance and web sites in order to improve the hit rate which causes the traffic of commercial purposes such as tabloidization tend to be more negative news spread. To strengthen the research of network language management strategy, it has very important theoretical significance and practical meaning analyzed. Our proposed methodology will help researchers to understand the approaches to use the pragrnatics of politeness. 展开更多
关键词 Bulletin Board System (BBS) politeness Principle Gender and Habits.
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Politeness of English Modals in Business Negotiations
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作者 于占英 《海外英语》 2016年第16期233-235,共3页
With the development of global economy, more and more business negotiations are proceeding in which conflicts and disputes are inevitable. Business negotiations involve interpersonal relationships, which is usually ex... With the development of global economy, more and more business negotiations are proceeding in which conflicts and disputes are inevitable. Business negotiations involve interpersonal relationships, which is usually expressed by mood and modality. Modal verbs, as an essential approach for expressing politeness with rich meanings of modality, are widely employed in business negotiations.This paper focuses on analyzing the polite usages of modal verbs in business negotiations by Politeness Principle. Based on this theory, three interpersonal functions expressed by modal verbs are to be studied: Cost-and-Benefit, Humor and Choice. 展开更多
关键词 business negotiations modal verbs MODALITY politeness principle interpersonal function
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Pragmatic Studies of Politeness in Chinese and English Culture
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作者 姜宜敏 《海外英语》 2016年第23期233-235,共3页
Polite words and expression can shorten the communication distance,ease the tension and conflict. As cultures are diverse, politeness is diverse. This paper is mean to explain the politeness in pragmatic use and its c... Polite words and expression can shorten the communication distance,ease the tension and conflict. As cultures are diverse, politeness is diverse. This paper is mean to explain the politeness in pragmatic use and its cultural specificity. 展开更多
关键词 politeness principles pragmatic studies Cooperative Principle
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A Study on the Application of Politeness Principle to Classroom Teaching among College English Majors
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作者 冯坤坤 《海外英语》 2018年第8期193-194,共2页
Politeness Principle is the most important principle in language communication, which is also the key factor in language application. To achieve the successful communication, communicators not only observe Cooperation... Politeness Principle is the most important principle in language communication, which is also the key factor in language application. To achieve the successful communication, communicators not only observe Cooperation Principle, but also Politeness Principle. The traditional English classroom teaching generally follow CP in universities, however, PP gradually becomes the basic norms in the influence of ecological teaching idea. This paper attempts to study application of PP in teaching combined with video transfer materials, aiming to stimulate students' enthusiasm on learning English and improve teachers' teaching level, building up a harmonious and friendly classroom environment. 展开更多
关键词 politeness principle college English majors classroom teaching
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Beyond Morality:Han Fei’s Unconventional Insights Into Human Nature
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作者 ZHANG Wenhao 《Cultural and Religious Studies》 2023年第12期611-615,共5页
Han Fei presented a thought-provoking perspective on human nature and its implications for governance.Departing from traditional moral doctrines,Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”philosophy posited that human nature is inhe... Han Fei presented a thought-provoking perspective on human nature and its implications for governance.Departing from traditional moral doctrines,Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”philosophy posited that human nature is inherently self-interested and driven by personal gain.In this paper,we explore Han Fei’s keen insights into human nature and its practical application in political governance.His emphasis on aligning political strategies with human inclinations,rather than relying solely on moral preaching,highlights the complexity and pragmatism of his approach.However,we also examine the limitations of his philosophy,particularly in disregarding individual differences and idealism.By striking a balance between political expediency and moral considerations,Han Fei’s ideas continue to resonate with contemporary discussions on governance and human behavior.This study calls for a reflective and cautious assessment of the implications of Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”thought in today’s society. 展开更多
关键词 Han Fei non-moralism political primacy principle human nature political governance
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A Socio-pragmatic Analysis of Gender Differences in Gossip Girl
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作者 周瑶 《英语广场(学术研究)》 2016年第3期32-38,共7页
The paper employs the method of discourse analysis to analyze males' and females' differences in cross-gender conversations in Gossip Girl from the perspective of Searle's Indirect Speech Act Theory, Grice... The paper employs the method of discourse analysis to analyze males' and females' differences in cross-gender conversations in Gossip Girl from the perspective of Searle's Indirect Speech Act Theory, Grice's Cooperative Principle, and Leech's Politeness Principle. The study found that females tend to abide by Cooperative Principle, while males are more likely to fl out the CP, and that female characters are used to making requests or suggestions by raising question in a euphemistic way; while males concern less about courtesy, women always attach a great deal of importance to saving others' face in daily conversation. The paper contributed to reducing misunderstanding in cross-gender communication. 展开更多
关键词 gender differences Indirect Speech Act Theory Cooperative Principle politeness Principle
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Effective Teaching of College English:From Understanding Class Silence in China
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作者 王甜 《科技信息》 2008年第27期274-,共1页
Chinese students tend to keep silent in class and bear in mind what has been taught passively rather than expressing their ideas actively like western students, which concerns Chinese teachers deeply because of the un... Chinese students tend to keep silent in class and bear in mind what has been taught passively rather than expressing their ideas actively like western students, which concerns Chinese teachers deeply because of the unsatisfactory class production. From the perspectives of "face" in Politeness Principle on the basis of cultural dimensions, this paper mainly focuses on class silence with a comparison between different cultures in the east and west, explores the true reasons for its happening in China and constructs a reference research for follow-up studies. 展开更多
关键词 teaching style class silence politeness principle intercultural study
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Pragmatically interpret vagueness in English for business negotiation
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作者 GAO Ting-ting 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2008年第8期45-53,共9页
Vagueness in English for business negotiation will be interpreted by pragmatic theories, such as, the cooperative principle, the polite principle, and the face theory through many practical cases picked from the real ... Vagueness in English for business negotiation will be interpreted by pragmatic theories, such as, the cooperative principle, the polite principle, and the face theory through many practical cases picked from the real communication between the negotiators, which aims at providing a systematic theory framework for the language users and researchers. 展开更多
关键词 VAGUENESS cooperative principle the polite principle the face theory
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The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Courtesy Languages
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作者 SUN Mei TIAN Zhao-xia 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2017年第3期340-344,共5页
Due to the differences of cultural values and conventions, people from different cultures may have different understandings about the courtesy language. This paper expounds the differences between English and Chinese ... Due to the differences of cultural values and conventions, people from different cultures may have different understandings about the courtesy language. This paper expounds the differences between English and Chinese courtesy languages, mainly from terms of address, greetings and appreciations. It also analyzes the reasons for the differences between English and Chinese courtesy languages, i.e. different cultures and different politeness principles. Through the contrastive studies of courtesy language, people will come to a clear understanding of the relationship between language and culture, which is meaningful to English teaching and learning. 展开更多
关键词 courtesy language CULTURE politeness principle
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Understanding class silence in China: Approach from the perspective of intercultural study
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作者 WU Zhong-hua 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2008年第4期35-38,76,共5页
Chinese students tend to keep silent in class and bear in mind what has been taught passively rather than expressing their ideas actively like westem students, which concems Chinese teachers deeply because of the unsa... Chinese students tend to keep silent in class and bear in mind what has been taught passively rather than expressing their ideas actively like westem students, which concems Chinese teachers deeply because of the unsatisfactory class production. From the perspectives of "face" in Politeness Principle on the basis of cultural dimensions, this paper mainly focuses on class silence with a comparison between different cultures in the east and west, explores the true reasons for its happening in China and constructs a reference research for follow-up studies. 展开更多
关键词 class silence politeness principle intercultural study
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On the Differences of Compliment and its Response in English and Chinese
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作者 黄维 《英语广场(学术研究)》 2012年第2期69-73,共5页
Compliment and its response is a special speech act which is broadly used in interpersonal communications. It is used to maintain and enhance the addressee’s face or support the addressee’s opinion. Compliments are ... Compliment and its response is a special speech act which is broadly used in interpersonal communications. It is used to maintain and enhance the addressee’s face or support the addressee’s opinion. Compliments are rich in both English and Chinese. However, affected by cultural differences, social status, gender, age, etc., there are many differences of compliment and its response between English and Chinese. Therefore, this paper tries to compare and analyze these differences. 展开更多
关键词 compliment and its response DIFFERENCE politeness principle STRATEGIES
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Courtesy Language Research Based on Letter Style
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作者 Jing Chu 《International English Education Research》 2014年第3期100-102,共3页
Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as "politeness five criteria" of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principl... Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as "politeness five criteria" of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principles and theories related to domestic and foreign research polite language provides a solid foundation, rich nutrients and scientific way of thinking for Chinese "polite language". This article combined with stylistic letter, takes "Fu Lei Letter" as the corpus to study online behavior polite language. 展开更多
关键词 politeness Principle polite Language Epistle Genre
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The Pragmatic Analysis on Discourse Power in Courtroom
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作者 杨宇晴 《海外英语》 2018年第4期194-195,210,共3页
Courtroom discourse is a typical institutional discourse, which reflects the complicated discourse purpose among the participants in courtroom, with several characteristics such as: asymmetry of power relation, comple... Courtroom discourse is a typical institutional discourse, which reflects the complicated discourse purpose among the participants in courtroom, with several characteristics such as: asymmetry of power relation, complex directions of communication and complex meaning of utterance. Although courtroom discourse is restricted by special procedures or rules, it is still under the control of the cooperative principle and politeness principle. In order to achieve goals, the participants are bound to obey or violate the cooperative principle and politeness principle. This paper is based on the pragmatic theory, switching trial audio into words, trying to find out the purposes why the participants are liable to flout cooperative principle and use politeness and impoliteness strategies, in order to further explore the discourse power in courtroom. This essay not only broaden the perspective of pragmatic research, but reveal the communicative goal in terms of power relation. It will conducive to grasp the interaction conversation, so as to guarantee the fairness of court trial. 展开更多
关键词 courtroom discourse cooperative principle politeness principle discourse power
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