WHERE IS THE SCO HEADING?——The Shanghai Cooperation Organization should clearly define its political characteristics and functions

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SOC), made up of six member countries, is reinventing itself and banding together to deal with the region's security and economic development. Operating under the "Shanghai Spirit"-the essence of state-to-state relations where trust and equality are key to members looking out for each other-questions need to be asked and answered at the organization's fifth anniversary. Despite the best intentions, a clear road map is needed to clarify the SCO's future.

Propaganda by the Book： Contextualizing and Reading the Zhejiang GMD＇s 1929 Textbook Essentials for Propaganda Workers

The Nationalist Party （GMD） had been writing and issuing documents of many types for some years before Nanjing was established as the capital of the Republic of China in 1927/1928. From its earliest days, doctrines were advanced via cause-oriented newspapers and journals. Even more important, the Soviet-sponsored reorganization of the GMD in the early 1920s had yielded a far-reaching party propaganda operation tied to Sun Yat-sen＇s notion of political tutelage. But how was propaganda to work in practice？ And at whom was it to be aimed？ This article seeks to address aspects of these questions by assessing a textbook for propaganda workers that was issued in the name of the GMD＇s Zhejiang Provincial Executive Committee＇s Propaganda Department in October 1929, half a year after the GMD＇s foundational right-wing Third Party Congress. Although Essentials for Propaganda Workers does not fully operationalize Sun＇s version of political tutelage, it can nonetheless be seen to reflect the central party＇s efforts to implement tutelage and supervision, not only of the Chinese masses suggested by Sun＇s program, but also of party propaganda workers in Zhejiang. in that regard, it reveals the astonishingly rapid ideological realignment of the GMD into an anti-Communist party, not only at the national level, which is well known, but also on the provincial and lower levels. Drawing on material from the GMD Archives in Taipei, this article addresses issues of party organization, control, mobilization, inner party dynamics, and message content in the GMD＇s propaganda activities in Zhejiang province in the late 1920s. ＂Propaganda by the Book＂ adds to our knowledge of the organizational practices of both the central GMD in Nanjing and the Zhejiang provincial GMD as well as to the social history of Republican China＇s official print culture.

Workplace Marginalization： In the Group but Out of the Loop

Abstract New-entry employees expect to be involved rather than to be marginalized. This paper proposes a model to examine the process through which employees can be exempt from marginalization in their organization as a ＂political arena.＂ We argue that an employee, in order not to be marginalized, would like to perform high-quality in-role and extra-role behaviors and also develop good guanxi with his/her immediate supervisor. Moreover, the effects of employee efforts and guanxi on workplace marginalization are moderated by the organization political climate. Two studies were performed to examine the hypothesized model. The pilot study employed a sample of civil servants to develop and validate the measurement of workplace marginalization. The main study collected matched data from 343 employees, 662 of their colleagues, and 343 immediate supervisors. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis show that employee job performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and supervisor-subordinate guanxi are negatively related to workplace marginalization. In addition, the negative relationship between guanxi and workplace marginalization is stronger in firms with less organizational politics than those with intensive politics.