Writing AIDS,Deconstructing Politicized Discourses on the Body:AIDS in Post-apartheid South African Novels by Mpe and Mhlongo

HIV/AIDS has been one of the most serious health concerns in South Africa over the past 30 years.Novels such as Welcome to Our Hillbrow,Dog Eat Dog,and After Tears are literary responses to the profound shame and fear inflicted by the epidemic on individuals and society.These AIDS narratives serve as a means to deconstruct politicized discourses about the disease.They scrutinize the stereotype that the voracious sexuality of black men is the primary cause of AIDS and challenges the xenophobic notion of contagious foreigners prevalent in post-apartheid South Africa.Additionally,the novels critically examine and satirize the denialist discourse propagated by incompetent politicians who have failed to contain the virus in post-apartheid South Africa.By representing the conflicting voices surrounding HIV/AIDS,these writings vividly depict the social and political landscape of the era.

Political Words in Diplomatic Translation

The translation of political words in diplomacy is the central topic in this thesis.The thesis analyses the translation of political words with specific examples with discussing the main features of diplomatic language.The method of the thesis is taxonomic study.Politi cal words are with unique features of formalness,tactfulness and sensitiveness.Choosing different strategies according to the type of political words is the key in political translation.The thesis focuses on discussing how to translate fix expressions,formal word,terms and four-char acter phrases.

Politics and Salus Populi:Hobbes and the Sovereign as Physician of the State

In his masterpiece Leviathan(1651),Thomas Hobbes used a series of rhetorical devices in order to persuade the English reader of the truth of his political theories and of his civil science.The first rhetorical device is the engraved frontispiece of the book,where the sword of justice held by the sovereign is also a powerful sword of rhetoric(as shown by the table depicting Rhetoric in a Martianus Capella’s manuscript owned by the Duke of Urbino).Moreover,Hobbes employs directly the metaphor of the state as a body politic and the analogy of the sovereign as the soul of the state and he also refers—though indirectly—to the Platonic analogy of the sovereign as physician of the state,evoking political thinkers,such as King James VI&I and Edward Forset.

China Opposes Any Politicization of Yuan Issue

Chinese Foreign Ministry responded to the pressure from U.S.on yuan valuation issue,proclaiming that China is not deliberately seeking for Sino-US trade surplus and will firmly oppose any

On the “International Law-Based International Order”

In recent years,some countries have advocated a“rules-based international order.”However,they have not explicitly defined the“rules”here as“international law”and thereupon elaborated on their view of the rules for the international order.In fact,a series of legal practices implemented by these countries indicate that what they pursue is largely a view of rules that prioritizes domestic law over international law and regional international law over universal international law,and that politicizes international law.This view of rules undermines the role of international law in the international order and violates the requirements of the times for improving global governance and promoting the establishment of a more just and reasonable international order.To correct the view of rules pursued by these countries through the advocacy of a“rules-based international order,”China proposes an“international law-based international order.”The view of rules embodied in the“international law-based international order”recognizes that international law based and centered on the UN Charter is the authoritative system of rules governing international relations,while not excluding the role in the international order of other rules that do not violate international law.

Metaphor Interpretation and Cultural Linguistics

Metaphor use is characterised by conceptual variation that can be explained with reference to culture-specifi c discourse traditions.Cognitively oriented metaphor analyses that are interested in cultural relativity have so far concentrated mainly on the production side of metaphors and their misunderstanding by ESL learners.This study,by contrast,focuses on variation in metaphor interpretation across groups of ESL/EFL users from 31 cultural and linguistic backgrounds.Its data consist of a questionnaire survey,administered in 10 countries,which gave students the task of applying the metaphor of the"body politic"to one’s home nation.The results show systematic variation between four interpretation models for this metaphor,i.e.NATION AS GEOBODY,NATION AS FUNCTIONAL WHOLE,NATION AS PART OF SELF and NATION AS PART OF INTERNATIONAL/GLOBAL STRUCTURE,as well as some evidence of polemical and/or political elaboration.The two main versions,i.e.NATION AS GEOBODY and NATION AS FUNCTIONAL WHOLE,were represented across all cohorts but exhibited opposite frequency patterns across Chinese v.Western cohorts,with the former favouring GEOBODYbased,the latter functional interpretations.This fi nding provides evidence of culture-specifi c variation in metaphor interpretation(as well as in metaphor production),specifically with regard to the frequency and distribution patterns of source concepts.Metaphor interpretation analysis can thus contribute to a cognitive metaphor analysis in general and especially to the"cultural linguistics"approach to metaphor.

Demythologizing Politicized Myths： A New Interpretation of the Seven Gentlemen Incident

This article investigates a political event in modern China that has received relatively little attention in the West. The Seven Gentlemen Incident occurred in the midst of the national crisis of Japanese aggression, when an independent patriotic movement led by seven Shanghai intellectuals organized the National Salvation Association and urged Chiang Kai-shek to fight the Japanese invaders. The Chiang regime, however, arrested the seven and accused them of plotting to overthrow the government. They were released only after Japan launched a full-scale attack on China in July 1937. Scholars have offered varying images of the incident. While the Seven Gentlemen were denounced as criminals by the Nationalists in Chinese Taiwan, they were respected as national heroes in Chinese mainland. Myths with conflicting viewpoints have been created. What were the life and career backgrounds of these people？ Were they petty-bourgeoisie, as some mainlanders assume？ Were the seven figures, as mainland Chinese claim, motivated under communist leadership to organize their association？ What were their relations with the Nationalist regime and the Communist Party？ This article endeavors to answer these questions based on new primary documents in particular archival material and offers new perspectives on this fascinating episode of modern China.