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Research on the Reform of the Process-Tracking Ideological and Political Assessment System in Applied Universities:Taking the Personal Finance Course as an Example 被引量:1
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作者 Jing Chen 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第1期179-185,共7页
Using the Xi’an Mingde Institute of Technology students as the teaching object and the Personal Finance course as an example,we explore the reform of the ideological and political assessment system of process-trackin... Using the Xi’an Mingde Institute of Technology students as the teaching object and the Personal Finance course as an example,we explore the reform of the ideological and political assessment system of process-tracking courses in applied universities.The article analyzes the feasibility of applying the curriculum ideological and political assessment system in college courses and compares the traditional assessment system.It also proposes that applying curriculum ideological and political assessment to the college curriculum assessment system will help improve students’understanding of the“value guidance”in curriculum ideological and political education and enhance the teaching effect. 展开更多
关键词 Curriculum ideological and political education Teaching reform Curriculum assessment
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Changes of China’s Status in the Global System and Its Influencing Factors:A Multiple Contact Networks Perspective
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作者 LIU Jian LIU Jibin +2 位作者 YANG Qingshan CAI Sikai LIU Jie 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期265-279,共15页
Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national diplomacy.Although much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on cou... Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national diplomacy.Although much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on country comparisons or institutional en-vironment.In today’s networked era in which the global economy,trade,personnel,and information are closely connected,studies on China’s global position and its status changes and influencing factors in multiple contact networks are still insufficient.In this study,from the perspective of diverse global contact networks,we constructed economic,cultural,and political influence indices to explore the changes and influencing factors on China’s status in the global system from 2005 to 2018.The results show that during the study period,China’s global influence in the fields of economic ties,cultural exchanges,and political contacts increased significantly,but its influ-ence in the fields of cultural exchanges and political contacts lagged far economic ties.The pattern of China’s economic influence on various economies around the world has shown a transformation from an‘upright pyramid’to an‘inverted pyramid’structure.The proportion of these economies in low-influence zones has decreased from more than 60%in 2005 to less than 20%in 2018.China’s cultural and political influence on various economies around the world has increased significantly;however,for the former,the percentage of high-influence areas is still less than 20%,whereas for the latter the percentage of these economies in medium-and high-influence areas is still less than 50%.Analyses such as a scatter plot matrix show that geographical proximity,economic globalization,close cooperation with developing countries,and a proactive and peaceful foreign policy are important factors in improving China’s status in the diverse global network system. 展开更多
关键词 global system economic ties cultural exchanges political contacts multiple contact networks China’s status
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Exploration of Curriculum Ideology and Politics Integrating Medical Humanities Cultivation Model to Enhance Medical Core Values
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作者 Wenjuan Ni Ranhao Li +1 位作者 Yaqing Guo Wei Wang 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第5期1-7,共7页
Purpose:To explore the application effect of the cultivation mode of Curriculum Ideology and Political Integration of Medical Humanities to enhance the core values of medicine in the clinical internship stage of medic... Purpose:To explore the application effect of the cultivation mode of Curriculum Ideology and Political Integration of Medical Humanities to enhance the core values of medicine in the clinical internship stage of medical students.Methods:Students in the clinical internship stage of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College were selected,and a total of 156 students in one random class in each grade were taken as the observation group and received the integration cultivation mode;148 students were taken as the control group and employed the traditional mode.The teaching effect of interns in the two groups was analyzed.Results:The teaching performance of students in both groups after clinical internship teaching was improved compared with that before admission;the teaching performance,teaching effect,teaching evaluation,and teaching satisfaction of the observation group were higher than that of the control group.Conclusion:The integration of the medical humanities training model with curriculum ideology and politics in the clinical internship of medical students is conducive to the improvement of teaching performance,teaching evaluation,teaching satisfaction of teachers and students,and the development and improvement of core values of medical students,which is of good value for teaching application. 展开更多
关键词 Curriculum ideology and politics Medical humanities Medical students Core values Clinical internship
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Research on the Construction Path of New Engineering+Curriculum Ideology and Politics
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作者 Liuchen Liu 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第11期233-239,共7页
With the rapid development of science and technology and the transformation and upgrading of industry,new engineering construction has become the important direction of higher engineering education reform in our count... With the rapid development of science and technology and the transformation and upgrading of industry,new engineering construction has become the important direction of higher engineering education reform in our country.This research focuses on the“new engineering+curriculum ideological and political new form course construction path,”in order to meet the new requirements of talent training put forward by the development of new engineering.This paper analyzes the educational value and current situation of curriculum ideology and politics under the background of new engineering,and improves the ability of curriculum ideology and politics from the perspective of strengthening the teacher training system;optimizing curriculum ideological and political design,skillfully integrating into the ideological and political elements;and strengthening the cooperation between schools,enterprises,and family associations to enrich curriculum ideological and political resources.To build a collaborative education mechanism and form an all-round education pattern,the four aspects of the new engineering+curriculum ideological and political of the new form course construction path have been preliminarily explored,hoping to provide some references and guidance. 展开更多
关键词 New engineering Curriculum ideology and politics New form course Construction path
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Research on the Optimization Paths for Outstanding Agricultural Economics and Management Talents under the Background of Curriculum Ideology and Politics
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作者 Guirong Jiang Xine Wang +2 位作者 Zhongna Yang Yu Huo Quan Lu 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第9期191-197,共7页
The article aims to discuss how to cultivate outstanding agricultural economics and management talents to meet the needs of agricultural and rural economic development in the new era,within the context of ideological ... The article aims to discuss how to cultivate outstanding agricultural economics and management talents to meet the needs of agricultural and rural economic development in the new era,within the context of ideological and political education.Through literature review and field research,a series of innovative talent training optimization paths are proposed,and specific suggestions are made for policymakers and educational practitioners. 展开更多
关键词 Curriculum ideology and politics Agricultural economics and management Talent training Educational innovation
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Reform Practice of College Students’ Employment Guidance Course under the Concept of Curriculum Ideology and Politics
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作者 Lei Yan 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第8期220-225,共6页
Under the background of“fostering character and civic virtue,”higher education must effectively integrate ideological and political education.The concept of curriculum ideology and politics has become increasingly d... Under the background of“fostering character and civic virtue,”higher education must effectively integrate ideological and political education.The concept of curriculum ideology and politics has become increasingly developed and sophisticated,which can be a guiding concept for the teaching and reform practice of college students’employment guidance courses.Based on educational observation and logical analysis,this paper elaborates on the connotation of the concept of curriculum ideology and politics,analyzes the key points of the reform of college students’employment guidance courses under this concept,and affirms the value of course reform.On this basis,this paper specifically analyzes the common problems in the reform of the employment guidance course under the new concept and makes a detailed interpretation of the performance problems such as the vague course objectives and the lack of innovation in the course teaching methods.Combined with the relevant problems,this paper proposes strategies such as building the course objective system by linking the curriculum ideology and politics,and driving the teaching innovation of the course from multiple perspectives,aiming to provide more references for the corresponding course reform. 展开更多
关键词 Curriculum ideology and politics Employment guidance Curriculum reform
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Teaching Reform of Basic Medicine Curriculum by Integrating the Perspective of Curriculum Civics and Politics in the Context of Healthy China
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作者 Jiamei Wu Baxin Wang +2 位作者 Tianrong Xing Yanan Su Lei Liu 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第4期132-137,共6页
Basic medicine is the foundation of basic knowledge of medical science,life science,and natural science,and is the basis for training medical talents.It can help students correctly understand the relationship between ... Basic medicine is the foundation of basic knowledge of medical science,life science,and natural science,and is the basis for training medical talents.It can help students correctly understand the relationship between disease and health,and is of great significance under the perspective of the Healthy China strategy.However,there are still some deficiencies in the current teaching,and insufficient attention has been paid to civics and politics.Thus,it is necessary to carry out curriculum reform in order to enable students to better understand medical knowledge and master medical skills,to ensure the development of medical education,and to play an important role in basic medicine.This study combines the necessity of curriculum reform under the perspective of civics and politics and puts forward a teaching reform strategy suitable for the development of contemporary medicine to provide a direction for the educational development of basic medicine. 展开更多
关键词 Healthy China Curriculum civics and politics Basic medicine
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Teaching Pathways of Curriculum Civics and Politics in Physical Education Courses of Higher Vocational Colleges and Universities in Chongqing
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作者 Yun Liu 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第7期264-270,共7页
This paper firstly analyses the due evaluation indexes of curriculum civics and politics in physical education of higher vocational colleges and,based on the indexes,puts forward suggestions to improve the quality of ... This paper firstly analyses the due evaluation indexes of curriculum civics and politics in physical education of higher vocational colleges and,based on the indexes,puts forward suggestions to improve the quality of teaching curriculum civics and politics in physical education of higher vocational colleges and universities in Chongqing.It involves maintaining steadfast adherence to professional attributes,unwavering commitment to Sanquan education,and thorough exploration of professional civics and political elements.This approach also entails supplementing extracurricular civics and political resources and utilizing a variety of methods such as contextual teaching and role-modeling to the fullest extent.At the same time,we increase the opportunities for civics and political practice inside and outside the classroom and develop teaching evaluation and assessment in civics and politics. 展开更多
关键词 Higher vocational physical education major Curriculum civics and politics Teaching pathway
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Research on the Integration Path of Postgraduate Professional Courses into the Construction of Curriculum Ideology and Politics
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作者 Jing Jiang Pingping Tong +1 位作者 Juanjuan Hong Huoyuan Wang 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第6期221-226,共6页
The curriculum ideology and politics play an important role in cultivating students’correct worldview,outlook on life,and values.In recent years,universities and colleges have begun to pay attention to the cultivatio... The curriculum ideology and politics play an important role in cultivating students’correct worldview,outlook on life,and values.In recent years,universities and colleges have begun to pay attention to the cultivation of postgraduates’moral education and the construction of postgraduates’curriculum ideology and politics.This paper takes the course“Theory of Software Engineering”of Anqing Normal University as an example,discusses the paths of integrating postgraduate professional courses into the construction of curriculum ideology and politics,and puts forward the paths of feeding back from scientific research,connecting with practice and summarizing and condensing,which are aimed at improving postgraduates’comprehensive quality and innovation ability,and have positive significance for cultivating high-level applied scientific and technological talents who are both moral and talented. 展开更多
关键词 Curriculum ideology and politics Postgraduate professional courses Theory of Software Engineering
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Construction of an Evaluation Indicator System for Civic and Political Applications in Professional Practice Courses Based on CIPP:Taking the VBSE Practical Training Course as an Example
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作者 Lingzhi Liao 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第7期18-23,共6页
This study takes the virtual business society environment(VBSE)practical training course as a case study and applies the theoretical framework of the context,input,process,product(CIPP)model to construct an evaluation... This study takes the virtual business society environment(VBSE)practical training course as a case study and applies the theoretical framework of the context,input,process,product(CIPP)model to construct an evaluation indicator system for the application of civic and politics in professional practice courses.The context evaluation is measured from the support of the VBSE practical training course into course civic and politics,teachers’cognition,and the integration of course objectives;the input evaluation is measured from the matching degree of teachers’civic and political competence,and the matching degree of teaching resources;the process evaluation is measured from the degree of implementation of civic and politics teaching and the degree of students’acceptance;and the product evaluation is measured from the degree of impact of civic and politics teaching. 展开更多
关键词 Context Input Process Product model Virtual business social environment Curriculum civic and politics
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Exploration of the Integration of Curriculum Ideology and Politics into the Educational Pathway of Standardized Training for General Practice Residents
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作者 Zhuan Huang Yaodong Li +4 位作者 Lina Ma Rui Xu Fang Yang Yingpeng Shi Junlin Liu 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第5期91-96,共6页
In recent years,the national higher education reform has proposed the concept of curriculum ideological and political education as a major element.This integration into the standardized training of general practice re... In recent years,the national higher education reform has proposed the concept of curriculum ideological and political education as a major element.This integration into the standardized training of general practice residents(commonly referred to as general resident training)is an unavoidable trend in the teaching field.Based on the actual situation of our unit at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University,this paper emphasizes the necessity of incorporating ideological and political education into the general resident training curriculum,despite the absence of pertinent practical experience in how to effectively incorporate such courses into comprehensive residential training.In our hospital,we must assess the ideological and political education in the curriculum of general resident training,proposing a scientific,reasonable ideological and political education concept system for general practice courses,integrating ideological and political education with general practice resident training,and strengthening the team of ideological and political education physicians to teach them to carry out such education,this would foster enthusiasm and initiative.Strengthening admission education and training for general practice resident training,as well as regularly hosting symposiums to share ideas and understand the mission of doctors can provide effective experience for ideological and political education in general resident training courses. 展开更多
关键词 Curriculum ideological and political education General practice General practice residents Standardized training Education path EXPLORATION
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Practice and Exploration of Ideological and Political Education for Postgraduate Students Under the Mentor Responsibility System
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作者 Yipin Wan Jie Jia +1 位作者 Tingting Gao Xuding Song 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第4期29-34,共6页
This study aims to address the problems existing in the ideological and political education of postgraduate students,and combines the implementation of the mentor responsibility system to explore the role orientation,... This study aims to address the problems existing in the ideological and political education of postgraduate students,and combines the implementation of the mentor responsibility system to explore the role orientation,work content,and practical effects of mentors in the ideological and political education of postgraduate students.Through questionnaire surveys,interviews,and other research methods,the current situation of ideological and political education of postgraduate students under the mentor responsibility system is analyzed,and corresponding optimization strategies are proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Mentor responsibility system Postgraduate students Ideological and political education Practical exploration
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Teaching Reform of Veterinary Microbiology Based on the Hybrid Teaching of Ideology and Politics
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作者 Jiedan Liao 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2024年第8期302-310,共9页
The veterinary microbiology teaching team thoroughly implements the national education policy,and iteratively promotes the implementation of the teaching reform of Sanquan education.The teaching team is focused on a“... The veterinary microbiology teaching team thoroughly implements the national education policy,and iteratively promotes the implementation of the teaching reform of Sanquan education.The teaching team is focused on a“student-centered”approach to education,emphasizing the foundation of“cultivating people and nurturing the root and soul of the nation.”By integrating“knowledge exploration,skill training,and value shaping”into the talent training plan,they are reshaping curriculum objectives and emphasizing ideological education in the syllabus.The teaching content system is being reconstructed,combining multiple interactions of blended teaching with the“six-in-one”ideological education model,to achieve the educational goals of the new agricultural“in-class-extracurricular”approach.This effort provides an empirical basis for the ideological and political teaching reform of the veterinary microbiology curriculum. 展开更多
关键词 Veterinary microbiology Ideological and political teaching Educational reform
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《英语国家概况》词汇选释(22)——Chapter 25 Government and Politics第25章 加拿大政治
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作者 露西 《英语知识》 2000年第10期31-31,共1页
House of Commons 众议院(加拿大议会的组成部分之一,现有295个议席,议员每届任期5年。众议院的主要权限是立法。)Senate 参议院(加拿大议会的组成部分之一,现有104个议席,参议员由内阁总理提名,由总督以英王的名义任命。参议院的主要... House of Commons 众议院(加拿大议会的组成部分之一,现有295个议席,议员每届任期5年。众议院的主要权限是立法。)Senate 参议院(加拿大议会的组成部分之一,现有104个议席,参议员由内阁总理提名,由总督以英王的名义任命。参议院的主要职权有立法权、评议权和调查权。) 展开更多
关键词 《英语国家概况》 Chapter 25 Government and politics 加拿大
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CPI,Cost of Living and Politics
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作者 赵忠德 《英语知识》 2000年第9期-,共2页
All economic decisions are made basedupon statistics,which are supposed to comefrom facts in real life.However,people aresometimes baffled by the conclusions drawnfrom different statistics,which present differ-ent pic... All economic decisions are made basedupon statistics,which are supposed to comefrom facts in real life.However,people aresometimes baffled by the conclusions drawnfrom different statistics,which present differ-ent pictures of our lives and society.Consumer Price Index(CPI),one of theprice indexes that government normally usesto judge the cost of living,measures the pricesof a fixed market basket of some 300 con-sumer goods and services purchased by a“typ-ical”urban consumer(McConnell & Brue,p. 展开更多
关键词 CPI Cost of Living and politics MILLER
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Research on BIM Course System and Ideological and Political Essentials of Cost Engineering Major
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作者 Jun Lin Dingyuan Luo 《Journal of Contemporary Educational Research》 2023年第5期25-32,共8页
The era of information technology has dawned on the construction industry,and Building Information Modeling(BIM)is one of the necessary engineering skills for those engaged in civil engineering professions at present ... The era of information technology has dawned on the construction industry,and Building Information Modeling(BIM)is one of the necessary engineering skills for those engaged in civil engineering professions at present and those who will engage in these professions in the future.Therefore,top universities have begun exploring ways to increase BIM-related teaching content in the curriculum system.In this paper,we discuss the integration of BIM in an in-depth manner with regard to the four course modules offered by cost engineering majors(professional foundation course,professional core course,industry-oriented course,and professional practical course)and analyze the construction of BIM curriculum ideology and politics system,the setting of teaching objectives,and the key points of curriculum ideology and politics. 展开更多
关键词 Cost engineering BIM technology Curriculum ideology and politics system Key points of curriculum ideology and politics
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A Continuable Political Administration System for World Countries (II) 被引量:3
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作者 Refet Ramiz 《International Relations and Diplomacy》 2016年第1期14-37,共24页
In this work, some important parts of the system, and the relation between the parts, and its connections with other systems are defined, explained briefly. With this respect, the nature of the person is defined with ... In this work, some important parts of the system, and the relation between the parts, and its connections with other systems are defined, explained briefly. With this respect, the nature of the person is defined with related parts. A new science branch called "information science" is defined. Importance of the political organizing of a political party is shortly explained. The necessity of the academies for public sector, private sector, and for political administration system is expressed. How to choose a person and how a person can be choose for any part of the system is defined. For both cases "good and/or correct" system criterions, determination of the criterions, and evaluation criterions are defined. New evaluation levels are defined based on the 8-basic senses in philosophical point of view to deepen the sensitivity of the evaluations. The importance of the situation notice and how to make it for each of the association are explained. The 10 main service parameters are defined to show the interactive relations between the ideology, services, person nature and others. Present and possible future problems of a country are expressed. Aims/targets are characterized with real approach for all related sides. Other systems which proposed to be connected to continuable political administration system are shortly defined and expressed. Way of system administration and administration types are shortly explained. The importance and ways of the decision making are expressed. The general ways, types of inspection are shortly explained. Official units that could be assign for the new system are defined. The importance of these units and of the persons that could be assign for these units are expressed together with the definition of the characteristics of the persons or groups that could be. The necessity of an action planning, possible supply and demand cases are defined scientifically. The importance and necessity of sense of justice is explained to make system continuable. The methods of determination of the policies/strategies are expressed. 展开更多
关键词 administration and systems philosophy of politics administration and politics administration andscience administration and justice political systems
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Countries' Union and Political/Non-Political Administration Systems for the World Countries 被引量:3
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作者 Refet Ramiz 《International Relations and Diplomacy》 2016年第3期139-176,共38页
In this work, the author noticed that some/most of the problems in the world countries, are because of the past/present differences, disputes about ethnic origins, federation systems, political and/or religious ideolo... In this work, the author noticed that some/most of the problems in the world countries, are because of the past/present differences, disputes about ethnic origins, federation systems, political and/or religious ideologies, organizations, mythologies, religions/sects, organs of governments, party systems, political systems, basic senses, administrations, and others. Purpose of this work, is to solve these problems for all related sides in a country and/or in the world to obtain continuable (political/non-political) administrative system(s) for the world countries by considering countries' union theory. The author considered the "synthesis" method and evaluated, generally/specifically, all these subjects also related philosophy branches, present political ideology spectrums, power sources and structures, public administrations, science branches by considering nearly 12,000 years written historical period. The author also considered his personal contacts with nearly 80,000 people from different political/non-political groups, and from all different position levels of persons, directly/indirectly. The author defined 21 dimensions of the synthesis to categorise the problems, related solutions, and theories he found. General points that can be evaluate as positive and/or negative about each side are expressed. Basic important concepts and definitions about political/non-political administrations of a world country are defined. General types of organizations and administrations in the world are expressed together with some related problems in the present systems. Good and/or correct perspective that must be behind administration(s) is described. Categories and types of interacted sides are explained. Subjects of services mandatory for a world country are defined. Necessity of the new system(s) for two or more sides is expressed. General types of needs for each world country are defined and categorized due to the domestic and international needs and due to possible interaction between two or more sides. As a conclusion, new political/non-political methods are defined to solve general and specific administrative problems between sides in a world country or between different countries. Theory of countries' union system is defined. General principles and sense of justice which are necessary for establishing countries' union between any two countries are defined. 展开更多
关键词 administrations and systems sense of justice organizations philosophy of politics political systems administration and science
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A Continuable Political Administration System for World Countries (I) 被引量:3
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作者 Refet Ramiz 《International Relations and Diplomacy》 2015年第9期609-624,共16页
In this work all the political/non-political ideologies, 168 religions/beliefs/sects, nearly 1,600 ethnic origin groups are synthesized to define continuable political construction. It is found that all the past feder... In this work all the political/non-political ideologies, 168 religions/beliefs/sects, nearly 1,600 ethnic origin groups are synthesized to define continuable political construction. It is found that all the past federations, confederations, empires, ideologies, political administration systems, thoughts and senses, doctrines, etc. are in fact each reflects a special functional processes within a general system of where the kinds of services, subjects of services, way of services, service types and persons are considered and placed as a factor in it and where these factors are arranged through different priorities, weights, and also taken under record with some rules. It is evaluated that each groups, communities, societies, countries are separate models, but at the same time each of them are factors which owns different beginning points to reach a correct country structure with five new separate groups (New Era Group, Progression of The Country Group, Unity of The Country Group, Values of The Country Group, Social Progression Group). The continuable political administration system is defined here by considering the all possible parts and by considering the other systems eormected for a country. Possible forceful factors which can effect political system administration are given. To realize political construction, some political construction methods are defined: Political construction by putting together the values, political construction based on different value, Political construction based on the new defined values, Political construction which considers stepped transition and Ideal political construction which will carry the political points of views and other standards of judgement, points of views of persons to a same line are expressed. New ideologies are put forwarded and ideal political construction for a world country is given with details. Integration of the political groups, political ideologies to the new system is explained. Some methods of politics are mentioned. Persons related with politics are classified simply. 展开更多
关键词 administration and state systems political philosophy administration and politics administrationscience strategic administration
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New Administration Systems for the World Countries and Sense of Justice & Continuity in the System Administration 被引量:3
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作者 Refet Ramiz 《International Relations and Diplomacy》 2016年第4期219-260,共42页
In this work, some of the results of the synthesis about the administration systems are expressed. The Author defined four new case theories and 23 main methods, and defined five general political/non-political admini... In this work, some of the results of the synthesis about the administration systems are expressed. The Author defined four new case theories and 23 main methods, and defined five general political/non-political administration system categories for the world countries. Each system is defined with the related 12 sub blocs to solve the general and specific problems of communities, territories, states and/or countries. Each bloc includes presidency, council, committees, associations and R-autonomous construction. For each of these five administration system categories, and for each of their sub blocs, general/specific system administration construction is defined with its 21 blocs. Importance of both sense of justice and continuity/sustainability are described with the related 21 categories defined for each of these perspective. Types of system administration are defined for five categories of administration systems. General and specific characteristics and possible fundamental and representative duties of country presidency system are defined. Ideal political constructions are defined for each of five general administration system categories. Specific way of integration of the past and present politic/non-politic groups into the ideal political construction is defined in multi dimensional form. Constructional centrism, R-Centrism, R-Continuity, R-Democracy, R-Ideology, R-Philosophy, R-Progressive, R-Religion, R-Science, Progressive Religion, ideal stability chart and some other concepts are defined as constructional and/or complementary basics of the systems. Author defined a criterion to measure the value of a country. Effective weight function of a world country is defined as a mathematical function to inspect, observe the performance and progression of a country inside, and/or in the region, and/or in the world. Basic forms of government are re-constructed and/or re-defined as hybrid-powers for each of these five categories of administration systems and general comparison made with the past/present ones. New political constructions are proposed for different party systems, different federation systems in the world. Applications and realization of the four new case theories and 23 main methods are expressed for all world countries. Author defined new or re-constructed 20 regional unions for the world due to new case theories, and one of them (SEAEU) is already officially declared. 展开更多
关键词 administrations and systems sense of justice UNIONS ideal political construction political systems administration and science
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