Effects of Ultrasonication on Genetic Transformation via the Pollen-Tube Pathway in Chinese Cabbage

[Objective] This research aimed to explore the method to increase conversion rate of pollen-tub pathway in Chinese cabbage.[Method] Chinese cabbage varieties Yuqing and No.03 were used as materials for the selection of germination buffer and parameters for ultrasonication.[Result] The optimal buffer for pollen germination of Chinese cabbage was 200 g/L sucrose ＋ 100 mg/L boric acid ＋ 200 mg/L calcium nitrate,the preferred ultrasonic processing power was 150 W,processing time was 5 s,interval time was 5 s and processing frequency was 8.Three T1-generation plants were obtained through selection with 200 mg/L kanamycin.[Conclusion] This research laid foundation for the further genetic transformation of Chinese cabbage.

Analysis of High Yield and Efficiency Technique in Hybrid Rice Zhongzheyou No.1

To understand the high yield and efficiency technique in hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No. 1, we conducted the correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis of hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No. 1 based on the data of its ear, grain and weight at different yield levels. From this study, we put forward the high yield and efficiency technique in Zhongzheyou No. 1 .. on the basis of certain effective ear number, filled grains per ear should be mainly targeted with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.

Introduction of exogenous DNA into cotton via the pollen-tube pathway with GFP as a reporter

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria as a vital reporter for gene expression in plants is considered to have several advantages over other reporter genes. The pBIN35S-mGFP4 plasmid DNA has been introduced into cotton embryos by the pollen-tube pathway method. A transformed seedling has been verified according to its GFP-related fluorescence and Southern blotting analysis. The results provided direct and convincing facts in cytology and molecular biology for the pollen-tube pathway method, an efficient transformation technique used in plants.

Transgenic Wheat Plants Obtained With Pollen-Tube Pathway Method

β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (carried by pBI121 plasmid) has been introduced into hexaploid wheat c. v. Xiaoshan No. 3 with the pollen-tube pathway method. Five transgenic plants are selected from 106 T0 plants. All of these plants are identified by the Southern hybridization, and the GUS activity can be detected by using fluorogenic assay and histochemical stain.

Efficient Management of Nitrogen Fertilizers for Flooded Rice in Relation to Nitrogen Transformations in Flooded Soils

Recent progresses in efficient management of nitrogen fertilizers for flooded rice in relation to nitrogen transformations in flooded soil were reviewed.Considerable progress has been achieved in the investigation on the mechanism of ammonia loss and the factors affecting it .However,little progress has been obtained in the investigations on nitrification-denitrification loss owing to the lack of method for estimating the fluxes of gaseous N products.Thus,so far the management practices developed or under investigation primarily for reducing ammonia loss are feasible or promising,while those for reducing nitrification-denitrification loss seem obscure,except the point deep placement. In addition,it was emphasized that the prediction of soil N supply and the recommendation of the optimal rate of N application based on it are only semi-quantitative.The priorities in research for improving the prediction are indicated.

Cadmium found in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) kernels mainly originates from root uptake rather than shell absorption from soil

Roots and shells are two potential organs through which peanut plants absorb cadium(Cd)from soils;however,the relative contributions of the two uptake pathways(root uptake and shell absorption)to kernel Cd accumulation and their translocation characteristics are poorly understood.In this study,the relative contributions of the two pathways to Cd accumulation in two peanut cultivars,Xianghua2008(XH)and Yueyou43(YY),were accurately assessed by labeling rooting and podding zone soils with 113Cd and 111Cd isotopes(0.3 mg kg^(-1) dry soil),respectively,in a split-pot design.The results showed that approximately 96%of the Cd accumulated in the peanut kernels was derived from root uptake,while only 4%originated from shell absorption.Only 1%of the Cd accumulated in whole peanut plants was attributed to shell absorption,of which 41%–44%was retained in shells and 56%–59%was translocated to kernels.In contrast,the Cd absorbed by roots was efficiently translocated into all plant organs,of which 80%–84%was distributed in shoots.Although YY accumulated 1.3 times more Cd in whole plants than XH,the relative contributions of the two pathways to Cd accumulation in each plant organ were barely affected by peanut cultivars.Due to the strong retention effect of shells,shell-derived Cd was approximately 2 times higher than root-derived Cd in shells.These results would improve the understanding of Cd accumulation processes in peanut plants,revealing that the root uptake pathway contributes predominantly to the Cd concentration in peanut kernels,based on which strategies and technology for the reduction of Cd in peanut plants could be designed and developed.

Human brain arteriovenous malformation:an analysis of differential expressed genes

Background:Much still remains unknown about the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).Previous studies have revealed the abnormal expression of various angiogenesis-related genes in AVMs.To further understand this disease,we sought to identify genes differently expressed in AVMs by means of the gene microarray technique.Methods:Nine AVMs specimen and nine samples of normal vessels are collected.Total RNA isolated from these specimen is hybridized with Oligonucleotide array and gene analysis was conducted.Analyzing data with the help of significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) and a free web-based molecular annotation system 3.0 (MAS 3.0).Results:The SAM method identify 37 gene significantly up-regulated and 10 genes down-regulated in AVMs.Conclusions:Among those genes,VACN,SPARK and ARHGAP18 seem to play a facilitating role during the genesis of AVMs.Multiple pathways,as MAPK pathway,may also be involved.