绿色信贷政策、ESG表现与高污染企业资本结构调整

绿色信贷政策作为结构性去杠杆的重要举措,对于高污染企业资本结构升级大有裨益。与此同时,ESG概念的提出明确了企业发展需着重考量环境(E)、社会(S)和公司治理(G)三方面的表现,即企业ESG表现也将作用于高污染企业资本结构调整。因此,论文以2011—2020年中国A股上市的高污染企业为研究样本,基于ESG表现视角,探究绿色信贷政策对高污染企业资本结构调整的作用效果。研究表明:1)绿色信贷政策显著促进高污染企业资本结构调整,区分企业负债水平后发现,相比于低负债企业,绿色信贷政策显著加快高负债污染企业的资本结构调整速度;2)绿色信贷政策会提升高污染企业的ESG表现,企业ESG表现会削弱绿色信贷政策对高污染企业资本结构调整的促进效果;3)在深入探讨企业融资约束和商业信用程度的异质性是否会影响绿色信贷政策的实施效果时,发现相较于面临弱融资约束和拥有高商业信用的企业,绿色信贷政策显著促进面临强融资约束和低商业信用的高污染企业调整资本结构。因此,探讨绿色信贷政策与高污染企业资本结构调整的关系对优化信贷资源配置、推动高污染企业绿色转型意义重大。

税收负担、地方政府竞争与污染治理——基于面板PSR-熵值-Tobit模型的实证

基于污染治理评估指标体系和中国30个省区市的面板数据,对污染治理水平综合指数进行极值熵值处理,运用面板Tobit模型和广义最小二乘法(GLS),探究税收负担和地方政府竞争对污染治理的影响效应。研究结果显示:整体上,中国污染治理水平呈现出“阶梯状”逐年上升的演变趋势;分地区看,四大地区污染治理水平非均衡性特征明显;污染治理压力、状态、响应三大子系统分别呈现“快速攀升”“平稳发展”和“波浪形升降”的演变特征。不同统计口径的税收负担对污染治理水平的影响效应不同,其中,宏观税负、狭义环境保护税税负抑制了污染治理水平的提升,广义环境保护税税负促进了污染治理水平的提升;引入地方政府竞争后发现,地方政府竞争不利于污染治理水平提升,且税收负担对污染治理的影响受到地方政府竞争的制约。文章从健全绿色税收体系、落实排污许可制、优化地方政府竞争等角度提出提升污染治理水平的政策建议。

Colorectal cancer burden,trends and risk factors in China:A review and comparison with the United States

Objective:China and the United States(the U.S.)have the heaviest colorectal cancer(CRC)burden with considerable variations in temporal trends.This study aims to analyze the temporal patterns of CRC burden and its risk factors in China and the U.S.across the past three decades.Methods:Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)Study in 2019,including cases,deaths,disability-adjusted life-years(DALYs),age-standardized rate(ASR),and summary exposure value(SEV)of CRC in China and the U.S.between 1990 and 2019.Annual average percentage changes(AAPCs)of CRC burden were calculated using the Joinpoint regression model.The mortality in CRC attributable to potential risk factors was characterized by countries,gender,and age groups.Results:In 2019,there were 607,900 and 227,241 CRC cases,and 261,777 and 84,026 CRC deaths in China and the U.S.,respectively.The age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)was 30.55 per 100,000 in China and 41.86 per100,000 in the U.S.,and the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 13.86 per 100,000 in China and 14.77 per100,000 in the U.S.CRC incidence,mortality,and DALY rate in the U.S.showed downward trends in the past three decades(AAPC=-0.47,-1.06,and-0.88,respectively),while upward trends were observed in China(AAPC=3.11,1.05,and 0.91,respectively).Among the cause of CRC,the leading risk factor contributing to CRC death was low milk in China and smoking in the U.S.,respectively.Conclusions:From 1990 to 2019,the burden of CRC in China increased dramatically,particularly for males and middle-aged and elderly people.The management of the major risk factors associated with the high burden of CRC should be enhanced.

Burden and outcomes for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease:Systematic review

AIM To systematically review the literature on epidemiology,disease burden, and treatment outcomes for Crohn's disease(CD) patients with complex perianal fistulas.METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles(published 2000-November 2016) and congress abstracts(published 2011-November 2016).RESULTS Of 535 records reviewed, 62 relevant sources were identified(mostly small observational studies). The cumulative incidence of complex perianal fistulas in CD from two referral-centre studies was 12%-14%(follow-up time, 12 years in one study; not reported in the second study). Complex perianal fistulas result in greatly diminished quality of life; up to 59% of patients are at risk of faecal incontinence. Treatments include combinations of medical and surgical interventions and expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. High proportions of patients experience lack of or inadequate response to treatment(failure and relapse rates,respectively: medical, 12%-73% and 0%-41%; surgical:0%-100% and 11%.20%; combined medical/surgical:0%-80% and 0%-50%; stem cells: 29%-47% and not reported). Few studies(1 of infliximab; 3 of surgical interventions)have been conducted in treatment-refractory patients, a population with high unmet needs. Limited data exist on the clinical value of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α dose escalation in patients with complex perianal fistulas in CD.CONCLUSION Complex perianal fistulas in CD pose substantial clinical and humanistic burden. There is a need for effective treatments, especially for patients refractory to antitumour necrosis factor-α agents, as evidenced by high failure and relapse rates.

Trends of Urban Air Pollution in Zhengzhou City in 1996-2008

Urban air pollution is a commonly concerned environmental problem in the world. Identification of air quality trend using long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the effectiveness of pollution control strategies. This study, using data from six monitoring stations in Zhengzhou City, analyzed the changing trend in concentrations of SO2, NOJNO2 and TSP/PM10 in 1996-2008, based on non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen＇s slope estimator, and evaluated the comprehensive air pollution level using Multi-Pollutant Index （MPI）. It was found that the concen- tration of each pollutant exceeded obviously the World Health Organization （WHO） guideline value, but the changing trend varied： SO2 and NO2 were significantly increased mainly due to an increase in coal consumption and vehicle number, while NOx, TSP and PM10 decreased. The air pollution was serious, and differed markedly among the three functional regions： it is the most severe in the Industrial and Residential Area （IRA）, followed by the Transportation Hub and Business District （THBD）, and then the High-tech, Cultural and Educational Area （HCEA）. Different from NO2 concentration that had a similar change trend/rate among the function regions, the change rate of PM10 concentra- tion differed spatially, decreased much more obviously in THBD than other two regions. For the whole city, the com- prehensive air pollution level declined gradually, illustrating that the air quality in Zhengzhou was improved in the last decade.

四溴双酚A/S及其8种衍生物在清远土壤样品中的污染特征及生态风险评估

四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol-A, TBBPA)、四溴双酚S(tetrabromobisphenol-S, TBBPS)和它们的衍生物作为阻燃剂被广泛应用于日常用品,以致在多种环境介质中都能检测出它们的存在。本研究分析了清远市龙塘镇的44个土壤样品中的TBBPA、TBBPS及其8种衍生物的含量,并评估了这10种目标物的环境风险。在所有检测的目标化合物中, TBBPA、四溴双酚A双缩水甘油醚(TBBPA-BGE)和四溴双酚A双(2,3-二溴丙基醚)(TBBPA-BDBPE)是样品中的主要污染物,对目标物总浓度的贡献率分别为30%、26%和40%。TBBPA、TBBPA-BGE和TBBPA-BDBPE的浓度平均值分别为1114、1890和853ng/g(干重),浓度范围分别为ND~13098、ND~15980和ND~6088 ng/g。TBBPA、TBBPA-BGE和TBBPA-BDBPE的风险商值大于1,表明这3类化合物对清远土壤存在一定生态环境风险,应当引起重视。本研究为进一步了解常用溴系阻燃剂TBBPA、TBBPS及其衍生物的环境归趋和风险暴露提供了数据支撑。

The Relationship among Caregiver Burden, Demographic Variables, and the Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease—A Systematic Review of Studies Using Various Caregiver Burden Instruments

Caring for a person with Parkinson’s disease (PD) extends far beyond the ordinary exchange of assistance among people in a close relationship. Caregivers must learn to cope with the patient’s increasing disability and loss of independence. The aim of this systematic review was to critically assess and summarize the evidence of the influence of the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with PD on caregiver burden by means of a caregiver burden instrument. In order to identify articles, electronic databases and reference lists were searched using the search word “Parkinson’s disease” in combination with “caregiver” or “carer” and with “burden” or “distress” or “stress” or “strain”. Thirty one articles were deemed eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated. No studies were excluded due to low quality. The results revealed similar associations among caregiver burden, demographic variables and patient characteristics, across different caregiver burden instruments and various clinical scales. Higher PD stage and functional disability are the non-motor characteristics that contribute the most to caregiver burden. However, when comparing the impact of patient motor and non-motor symptoms, several studies found that mental symptoms had a stronger impact on caregiver burden than motor symptoms. No association was observed between caregiver burden and patient and caregiver demographics with the exception of the sub-scale analysis of caregiver burden in various age groups. Interpreting the results of studies that employ a range of different clinical assessment scales and burden instruments makes it challenging to provide a valid summary of caregiver burden in PD. The most commonly used analysis methods contribute little information about burden variation across caregiver groups or which areas are the most burdensome for caregivers. There is a need for a more uniform use of recommended instruments and for longitudinal studies.

Government's Responsibility for Control of Agricultural Environmental Pollution in China

In this paper,the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution caused by the increase of chemicals input in agriculture in China was analyzed,and it is found that agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies,urban-rural economic structure,funds input in pollution control,comprehensive environmental management,laws of pollution control,and so forth. To control agricultural pollution effectively,it is needed to implement integration of agricultural and environmental policies,establish environmentally friendly agricultural technology popularizing system,implement integrated planning and management of a basin,and set up and improve legislation to protect agricultural environment.

Consequences of redefining Alzheimer＇s disease in terms of amyloid burden without regard to cognitive decline

Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）redefined：For the past century,AD has been defined as a disease of progressive cognitive decline paired with a burden of amyloid-β（Aβ）plaques and pathologic tau tangles in the hippocampus and forebrain.However,a recent Framework paper jointly sponsored by the National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer＇s Association（Jack et al.,2018）proposes new classification guidelines for AD,which,if adopted,will have profoundconsequences for the future management of AD.

Evaluation of Drinking Water Pollution and Health Effects in Baghdad, Iraq

Contamination of water reserves by biological, chemical, and radiologic agents may affect the health of millions of residents in the Iraq as well as many others throughout the world. Fatal outbreaks of cholera struck several provinces of the country, including Baghdad. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) also says air pollution, resulting from burning oil and aggravated by war, is cause for concern. The study area Baghdad has been divided into two parts: Central Baghdad and Outskirts of Baghdad (included in Baghdad but near the boundaries of Baghdad). The outskirts of Baghdad comprises of 4 cities: Al-Hussaniya located in northern part of Baghdad, Abu-Gurabe located in the western side of Baghdad, Jissr Diyala located in the eastern side of Baghdad and finally Al-Mahmodiya located in the southern side of Baghdad. These cities are in very poor situation in terms of water supply. The quality of water supplied is bad as no attention is given to WTP's in these places, which is also because of the fact that given the insecure war conditions, these areas are inaccessible. The sewage is thrown directly into the river because these areas do not have sewage treatment plants. In case of central Baghdad the water supply and sewerage network are broken in some places. Due to this there is mixing of water between the two networks. For this study we taking water supply samples and collect all the samples from WTPs and water supply network (houses, shops and different places). We made the analysis to parts first bacteriologies, second chlorine and after analysis these samples in lab we will give in our study numbers of fail samples, type of diseases and how many case during year 2007 in Baghdad City. Also in this study we will give Estimated Deaths from Water-Related Diseases 2010 to 2035.

Effects of thermodynamics parameters on mass transfer of volatile pollutants at air-water interface

A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical technique for locating and tracking the free surface of water flow. The relationships between Henry＇s constant, thermodynamics parameters, and the enlarged topological index were proposed for nonstandard conditions. A series of experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the transport of benzene and carbinol. The simulation results agreed with the experimental results. Temperature had no effect on mass transfer of pollutants with low transfer free energy and high Henry＇s constant. The temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants with high transfer free energy and low Henry＇s constant was affected by temperature. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased significantly with temperature, with significant fluctuations at low temperatures. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased steadily without fluctuation at high temperatures.

Intellectual Capacity of Children Exposed to Environmental Pollution in the Extreme South of Brazil

Objective： The study evaluated the intellectual capacity of children who live in areas that were E （exposed） or NE （not exposed） to environmental pollution. Method： 246 students between the ages of 8 and 11 years and 8 months were evaluated. Data were collected between May and June 2010 using a semi-structured questionnaire to examine factors that were related to compromised intellectual capacity. Intellectual capacity was evaluated with Raven＇s Colored Progressive Matrices Scale. The intellectual capacity of children who live in areas that were exposed or not exposed was compared using chi-squared tests and raw and adjusted analyses were conducted using Poisson regression. Results： The general occurrence of intellectual impairment was 28.9%, with 22.0% in the non-exposed area and 36.1% in the exposed area （p = 0.01）. The outcome was associated with the following： a lack of companionship （RP = 2.77; p 〈 0.00）, maternal education of less than five years （RP = 2.13; p 〈 0.00）, the mother not being Caucasian （RP = 1.57;p 〈 0.00）, residing in an exposed area （RP = 1.88;p 〈 0.00）, and nutritional risk/malnutrition （RP = 2.83; p 〈 0.00）. Conclusions： The results showed a high occurrence of intellectual impairment and a significant difference between the environmental areas. Additional research is needed to improve the understanding of several results. The town＇s priorities should include efforts related to environmental health.

Assessment of Water Microbiologic Pollution in Durres＇s Marine Harbour Basin, Albania

The aim of this study is to assess the water microbiologic pollution in Durres＇s Harbour basin and to compare it with European standards. The comparison of heterotrophs and total coliforms level in sampling are the essence of this research. The object of this study is done in four sampling areas of Durres＇s Harbour basin. In order to compare the level of water microbiologic pollution in four areas of Durres＇s Harbour basin, control area is also studied which is a beach area near the Harbour named Apollonia Beach. The sampling areas were： Ferry Terminal （FT）, Fishery Harbor （FH）, East Zone （EZ）, Fuel Quay （FQ） and Apollonia Beach （AB）, respectively. The period of sample-taking was July-October 2008. The strategy used for this purpose consisted in water insemination with coverage method by means of Petri＇s plates according to respective dilutions in culture media Plate Count Agar （PCA） for heterotrophs and MacConkey for total coliforms. The number of colonies that are formed determines the number of cells at the moment of water insemination, the number of heterotrophs in culture media PCA, respectively. The number of pink and red colonies that were formed determines the number of cells at the moment of water insemination, the number of total coliforms in culture media MacConkey, respectively. The measure ofheterotrophic bacteria and total coliforms used is Colony-Forming Units （CFU）/100 mL seawater. （AB） is within European standards. The richest area with heterotrophs is （FH）, which confirms the fact that it is the most polluted microbiologic area in the Harbour basin of Durres. The richest area with total coliforms is （FT）. The poorest area with heterotrophs and total coliforms is （FQ）.

Analysis, Sources and Study of the Biological Consequences of Electromagnetic Pollution

The actions and health effects of electromagnetic fields in the radio frequency (RF) domains, referred to as radio frequencies and HV transmission networks have been studied for several decades. Following the appearance of questions and debates within the population, the actions and potential effects of radiofrequency and HV transport networks on health, in connection with the development of new wireless technologies, are generating a certain revival of interest. Thus, the increasing exposure to electromagnetic fields and the concerns of the public have led health organizations to undertake large-scale research programs to respond to the concerns expressed. These research programs have contributed to significantly increasing the number of studies on the actions and effects of electromagnetic pollution as well as their consequences on living beings. The objective of our research is focused on the analysis, sources, and study of the biological consequences of electromagnetic pollution. To do this, we have used physical laws and theorems, in particular Maxwell-Ampère, Maxwell-Gauss, Maxwell-Faraday, and Ohm’s law, to model the interactions between electromagnetic fields and living matter. In this article we have chosen the approach based on the electrical model of human biological tissue, taking into account on the one hand the physical phenomena of the propagation of an electromagnetic microwave plane wave in the range from 0 to 300GHz and on the other hand, the experimental values to simulate the relaxations α, β and γ and the impedance of the biological tissue faced with the variation of the frequency of propagation of the electromagnetic waves to identify the biological consequences relating thereto. The results obtained in the literature show the linear dependence of bio-impedance on frequency, these observations suggest that the tissue can be physiologically stressed at high frequencies. This can cause biological consequences for humans. The 2D simulation based on the proposed model has been developed as well as the verification of the consistency of the different mathematical models, by comparing the fractal dimensions of the results of the program with those of the figures obtained experimentally.

Multi-national observational study to assess quality of life and treatment preferences in patients with Crohn’s perianal fistulas

BACKGROUND Patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)are at risk of developing complications such as perianal fistulas.Patients with Crohn’s perianal fistulas(CPF)are affected by fecal incontinence(FI),bleeding,pain,swelling,and purulent perianal discharge,and METHODS This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in patients with CD aged 21-90 years via a web-enabled questionnaire in seven countries(April-August 2021).Patients were recruited into three cohorts:Cohort 1 included patients without perianal fistulas;cohort 2 included patients with perianal fistulas without fistula-related surgery;and cohort 3 included patients with perianal fistulas and fistula-related surgery.Validated patient-reported outcome measures were used to assess quality of life.Drivers of treatment preferences were measured using a discrete choice experiment(DCE).RESULTS In total,929 patients were recruited(cohort 1,n=620;cohort 2,n=174;cohort 3,n=135).Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores were worse for patients with CPF(cohorts 2 and 3)than for those with CD without CPF(cohort 1):Mean score 3.8 and 3.7 vs 4.1,respectively,(P<0.001).Similarly,mean Revised FI and FI Quality of Life scores were worse for patients with CPF than for those with CD without CPF.Quality of Life with Anal Fistula scores were similar in patients with CPF with or without CPF-related surgery(cohorts 2 and 3):Mean score 41 and 42,respectively.In the DCE,postoperative discomfort and fistula healing rate were the most important treatment attributes influencing treatment choice:Mean relative importance 35.7 and 24.7,respectively.CONCLUSION The burden of illness in CD is significantly higher for patients with CPF and patients rate lower postoperative discomfort and higher healing rates as the most desirable treatment attributes.

CN@NiS-Cu_(2)S复合材料的制备及其催化性能分析

采用高温固相法一步合成了碳氮掺杂的双金属硫化物复合材料CN@NiS-Cu_(2)S,并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和BET比表面积测试对所制备的复合材料进行结构表征.在NaBH4助催化剂存在下,研究其在降解水体中对硝基苯酚、有机染料(甲基橙和亚甲基蓝)及Cr(Ⅵ)催化活性.研究结果表明:该复合材料具有显著的催化还原活性,催化还原对硝基苯酚的催化效果可与贵金属复合物相媲美,有望用于实际水体催化降解有机及无机污染物.

Snyder希望理论在双镜辅助食管癌根治术病人围术期的应用

目的:探讨Snyder希望理论在双镜辅助食管癌根治术病人围术期的应用。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年12月在医院行胸腹腔镜联合治疗食管癌根治术的120例病人为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和研究组,每组60例。对照组病人住院期间接受常规护理,研究组采用Snyder希望理论模型进行干预。干预前及出院时分别采用中文版Mishel疾病不确定感量表(MUIS)、Herth希望量表(HHI)和Zarit护理负担量表(ZBI)评估病人的疾病不确定感、希望水平和自我感受负担,统计两组术后不良反应发生情况。结果:出院时两组MUIS 3个维度评分及MUIS总分均低于干预前,且研究组得分低于对照组(P<0.05);出院时两组HHI 3个维度评分及HHI总分均高于干预前,且研究组得分高于对照组(P<0.05);出院时两组ZBI总分均低于干预前,且研究组得分低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组术后不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:Snyder希望理论可缓解双镜辅助食管癌根治术病人术后疾病不确定感,提升其术后希望水平,减轻病人术后自我感受负担和不良反应发生率。

Construction of Zebrafish Mutants of CNTF Gene Using CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology

Background: The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD), a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is projected to increase twofold by 2030. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the most commonly observed gene in both familial and sporadic PD cases. Notably, there is a substantial augmentation in motor activity during both larval and adult stages of zebrafish lacking the lrrk2 gene. Nevertheless, the precise genetic abnormalities accountable for eliciting these phenotypes in zebrafish are yet to be elucidated. Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on zebrafish larvae at 6 days post fertilization (dpf) belonging to both the wild-type and lrk2(-/-) groups. Guide RNA was designed and subsequently employed in the PCR process. Electrophoresis was performed to facilitate identification. Results: The expression of CNTF mRNA was significantly diminished in lrrk2(-/-), in comparison to the wildtype zebrafish larvae. This finding implies that CNTF may have crucial implications in the regulated functioning of lrrk2, which is widely acknowledged as the predominant genetic factor contributing to hereditary PD. The primers for CNTF DNA were meticulously designed, and the electrophoresis results of the PCR product were subsequently presented. The wild type zebrafish embryos were meticulously prepared for micro-injection, and the resulting efficiency identification displayed the presence of the mutant PCR product, which exhibited the presence of several debris. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the successful generation of CNTF mutant zebrafish using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique. Further investigations are necessary to deepen our understanding of the exogenous CNTF gene’s functionality.

基于金属有机框架的SERS基底在环境检测中的应用研究进展

作为一种快速灵敏的指纹光谱技术,表面增强拉曼光谱技术(surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS)在环境污染物检测领域具有很大的应用潜力,然而目前这种痕量检测技术仍存在富集目标分子困难的问题.金属有机框架(metal organic frameworks,MOFs)材料有助于解决SERS基底的富集难题.本文首先介绍了SERS技术的背景、目前待解决的问题、MOFs的特点和基于MOFs的复合SERS基底的优势,综述了近五年来基于MOFs的复合SERS基底在环境检测中的应用进展,并重点讨论了MOFs在其中的作用,最后初步探讨了这类复合基底目前面临的挑战及发展趋势.