Integrated Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution to Provide Safe and Healthy Drinking Water for Rural Areas

Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source pollution and the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China. In view of the serious agricultural non-point source pollution in water environment of Guangxi and the difference in quality of drinking water between urban and rural areas,it came up with recommendations for strengthening agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control from scientific distribution,linked operation and maintenance,popular science education,and legal system construction,to guarantee safe and healthy drinking water in rural areas.

Genotoxicity evaluation and a primary risk assessment of organic pollutants in the drinking water sources of Nanjing, China

An increasing number of industrial, agricultural, and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment leads to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming an increasingly serious problem in China. In this study, the comet assay was conducted to investigate the genotoxicity to human body caused by organic concentrates in the drinking water sources of Nanjing City from Yangtze River of China, and health and ecology risk due to expose to these organic pollutants were evaluated with the multimedia environmental assessment system （MEAS）. For all the water samples, they were collected from four different locations in the drinking water sourcr samples, es of Nanjing City. The results of the comet assay showed that all the organic concentrates from the water samples could induce different levels DNA damages on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and a statistically significant difference （p〈0.01） was observed compared with the solvent control, which demonstrated the genotoxicity was in existence. According to the ambient severity （AS） of individual compound, we had sorted out the main organic pollutants in the drinking water source of the four waterworks, and the results showed that there was some potential hazard to human body for all the source water, namely the total ambient severity （TAS） of health for each water source was more than 1. However, the TAS of ecology for each water source was less than 1, which indicated that it was safe to ecology. The results of this investigation demonstrate the application of the comet assay and the MEAS in aquatic environmental monitoring studies, and the comet assay found to be fast, sensitive, and suitable for genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water source.

Assessment of Spring Water Quality in the Rural Watersheds of Western Nepal

A preliminary study was conducted to analyze the water quality of spring waters in rural watershed of Western Nepal. 155 spring water samples were collected from Jhimruk, Rangun, Bogtan-Lagam Karnali, Thuligad and Middle Karnali watershed. Collection and analysis occurred twice, once in pre-monsoon 2018 and post-monsoon 2018. Various physical and chemical parameters were analyzed by using standard water quality measurements and compared with the Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standard and the World Health Organization Standard Guideline. The results indicate that the turbidity was high during pre-monsoon season. The highest turbidity of 63.8 NTU was observed in the Bogtan-Lagam Karnali watershed. Two spring sources—one in Bogtan-Lagam Karnali and one in Middle Karnali exceeded the health standard for nitrate-N. The phosphate levels were high during the pre-monsoon season in Jhimruk and Rangun watershed in all the studied sites. Dissolved oxygen levels were relatively high during post-monsoon season. Results of the water quality index in all the studied sites revealed that the water quality ranges from being poor to good conditions in the spring sources. The results from this study suggested that the water bodies are relatively good and can be used for domestic purposes after suitable treatment.

人工湿地技术对水源地雨水径流污染阻控的应用研究

设置了不同基质(砾石、加气混凝土)及是否种植美人蕉的不同人工湿地结构,通过小试实验对比各个工况对雨水径流污染的阻控效果.研究发现,加气混凝土与种植美人蕉的人工湿地组合成本略高(4.20元/工况),较其余工况高出1.00~2.90元/工况,但在运行的两个周期(交替运行30 h,落干48 h)内,NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N、TN、PO_(4)^(3-)、TP和COD_(Cr)的平均去除率分别为73.3%、47.0%、85.4%、56.4%、76.0%和65.5%,平均高出其余工况10.9%~18.8%,效果最优,性价比最高,适于推广应用.

An novel identification method of the environmental risk sources for surfacewater pollution accidents in chemical industrial parks

The chemical industry is a major source of various pollution accidents. Improving the management level of risk sources for pollution accidents has become an urgentdemand for most industrialized countries. In pollution accidents, the released chemicals harm the receptors to some extentdepending on their sensitivity or susceptibility. Therefore, identifying the potential risk sources from such a large number of chemical enterprises has become pressingly urgent. Based on the simulation of thewhole accident process, a novel and expandable identification method for risk sources causingwater pollution accidents is presented. The newlydeveloped approach, by analyzing and stimulating thewhole process of a pollution accident between sources and receptors, can be applied to identify risk sources, especially on the nationwide scale. Three major types of losses, such as social, economic and ecological losses,were normalized, analyzed and used for overall consequence modeling. A specific case study area, located in a chemical industry park （CIP） along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, China,was selected to test the potential of the identification method. The results showed that therewere four risk sources for pollution accidents in this CIP. Aniline leakage in the HS Chemical Plantwould lead to the most serious impact on the surroundingwater environment. This potential accidentwould severelydamage the ecosystem up to3.8 kmdownstream of Yangtze River, and lead to pollution over adistance stretching to 73.7 kmdownstream. The proposed method is easily extended to the nationwide identification of potential risk sources.

鄱阳湖流域典型水源水库水华暴发成因及氮污染溯源

富营养化导致的藻类水华是水源地水库面临的主要生态问题之一。探究水源水库中水华暴发成因并开展污染物溯源研究,是预防水华暴发的重要前提。本文选择鄱阳湖流域赣江水系吉安市某典型水源水库为研究对象,通过分析无水华期和水华暴发期水环境特征及其演变规律,探讨了水华暴发的成因及其促发条件,并针对识别出的主要污染因子,开展了同位素溯源研究。结果表明:(1)水库水华暴发的主要原因为水体总氮浓度显著升高(由0.77 mg/L升高至1.57 mg/L),超出了国际公认的水华暴发总氮阈值(0.5~1.2 mg/L),加之夏季高温(32℃)、水库库容量较低,促进了水华暴发;(2)无水华期,水库表层水总氮主要赋存形态为硝酸盐氮(占比>90%),水华暴发期,表层水总氮主要赋存形态由硝酸盐氮转变为有机氮(占比~86%),氮赋存形态转化的主要原因为藻类同化吸收作用;(3)硝酸盐氮、氧同位素示踪结果表明,水库硝酸盐氮主要来源于上游稻田流失的氮肥(负荷贡献率64.45%),其次为上游山区土壤氮流失(14.08%)、大气沉降(12.35%)和农村生活污水(9.12%),因此水库总氮优先控制污染源为上游稻田流失的氮肥。

江苏省船舶污染对饮用水源地的影响及对策研究

通过分析污染物来源以及污染物对饮用水源地可能造成的影响,总结当前监测与管理措施的有效性,并提出未来的研究方向和可能的解决方案。旨在通过实地调查与数据总结,为大众提供一个全方位的视角,并为江苏省乃至全国的船舶污染防治工作提供参考。

浙北地区典型饮用水水源地优先污染物筛选

有效识别饮用水源中具有潜在危害的优先污染物,是防范水源地环境风险,保障人类饮水安全的重要举措。在对浙北地区6个典型饮用水水源地七大类350种初筛污染物进行全指标监测的基础上,选取污染物的环境检出水平(O)、持久性(P)、生物累积性(B)、水生生物毒性(E)和人体健康毒性(H)等5个评价指标,采用综合评分法构建典型饮用水水源地优先污染物清单。结果表明:浙北地区6个饮用水水源地中七大类物质环境检出水平均较低,饮用水水质较为安全。优先污染物清单包含44种物质,其中综合得分较高的前10种物质优先性排序依次为全氟辛酸、全氟十四酸、滴滴涕、苯并(a)芘、氟啶脲、毒死蜱、除虫脲、二苯并(a, h)蒽、六氯苯和六氯环戊二烯。七大类污染物的优先性排序为PFAS>PAHs>PRs>SVOCs>ANTs>HMs>VOCs。不同地区地表水源地有必要基于污染物的OPBEH等毒害性参数,定期筛选更新优先污染物清单,以精准识别需要重点管控的潜在有毒有害物质,保护水生生物多样性和提升饮水安全水平。

浅析集中式饮用水水源地污染防治方法

集中式饮用水水源地作为城市供水系统的重要组成部分,其水质状况直接关系到公众的健康和社会的稳定发展。然而,随着工业化和城镇化的快速推进,水源地污染问题日益严重,给水源地管理和保护工作带来了极大的挑战。因此,深入研究集中式饮用水水源地污染防治方法,对于保障水源地水质安全、维护公众健康具有重要意义。

集中式饮用水水源地水质状况及污染防治方法探究

本文主要探讨了集中式饮用水水源地的水质状况、污染源、污染防治的重要性以及相应的防治方法和策略。随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,水源地污染问题日益严峻,对人类健康造成了极大威胁。因此,有效的水质污染防治措施对保障人民的饮用水安全至关重要。

土壤污染对饮用水水源地安全的影响及防控措施研究

本文深入探究了土壤污染对饮用水水源地安全的影响及防控措施。土壤污染对饮用水水源地的影响是多方面的,包括土壤污染物的迁移与渗漏、与地下水的互动以及生物链传递等。本文通过深入了解这些影响机制,提出了防控措施:在管理规范与政策制定方面,强调建立健全法律法规体系和管理机制,加强对污染源的监管;在监测与评估体系建设方面,提出建立全面的监测网络和科学合理的评估方法;在污染源治理与修复技术应用方面,强调采取物理、化学、生物等多种手段对污染源进行治理和土壤修复;在宣传教育与公众参与方面,提倡加强对土壤污染防治知识的宣传普及,促进公众参与环境保护工作。通过这些措施的综合应用,可以有效防控土壤污染,保障饮用水水源地的安全。

启东市头兴港汇龙应急饮用水水源地保护区调整与划分分析

为加强饮用水水源地保护,确保启东市城乡居民饮水安全,在对头兴港汇龙应急水源地水质、污染源等进行深入分析的基础上,提出了饮用水水源地配套水厂取水口迁移的建议。采用类比经验法对迁移后取水口所在饮用水水源地进行了保护区划分,并对划分后的水源一级保护区、二级保护区及准保护区内存在环境问题,提出了有针对性的污染防治措施,为提升饮水安全保障水平提供技术支撑。

基于Mike21模型的河道水质提升工程试验研究

行船从航道驶入饮水源河道时,会将污水牵引进入饮水源河道。为了改善饮水源河道水质,减少某饮水源河道受到污染,对饮水源河道汊流边界进行优化。利用Mike21FM水动力模块建立了现状河道和汊流边界优化后的饮水源河道二维水动力数学模型,并通过物理模型试验对数学模型参数进行率定验证,模拟了现状和优化方案下的饮水源河道流场并计算了不同船行速度牵引进入饮水源河道的污水量。结果表明:优化方案能大幅减少行船驶入饮水源河道时牵引进入饮水源河道的污水量,且船行速度在6节时,行船驶过饮水源河道牵引进入饮水源河道的污水量最少。建议行船在驶入饮水源河道之前减速慢行,可以有效减少船行牵引进入饮用水源河道的污水量。

基于APCS-MLR的水库型饮用水源水质污染源识别与贡献率分析

准确评价饮用水源地水质状况和精准追溯污染源是实现水库型饮用水源地水质精细化管理的基础。以温州市珊溪水库为研究对象,将绝对主成分评分(Absolute Principal Component Score, APCS)与多元线性回归(Multivariate Linear Regression, MLR)相结合的方法(APCS-MLR)用于定量评价水库水质状况,识别污染源类型,解析污染源分布和贡献率。结果显示,珊溪水库水质总体良好,但仍存在污染风险,其污染源主要为城镇生活污染、农村面源污染和水土流失,未知污染源不可忽视,污染源分布存在显著的时空变异性。实践表明,基于APCS-MLR识别水库型饮用水源地污染源的类型和贡献是可行的。

长江南京段不同径流 潮汐动力作用下突发污染事故对饮用水水源地的影响研究

长江南京段水动力条件复杂,突发污染事故对下游饮用水水源地影响难以预测。基于构建的长江南京段二维水动力水质耦合数学模型,对不同径流潮汐动力作用下的突发污染事故进行模拟,分析其对长江水源地的影响。结果表明:洪季径流作用较强,污染团扩散速度受潮汐影响较弱,各水源地受污染团的影响时长基本接近,约为2.5~3.5 h。枯季径流作用减弱,污染团扩散速度受潮汐影响增强,越下游处受潮汐影响越大,各水源地受污染团的影响时长依次为:长江江浦水源地<燕子矶水源地<龙潭水源地。枯季污染物传播时的浓度大于洪季,洪季污染物传播浓度呈现随距离增大浓度减小的趋势。枯季流速受到潮汐影响,径流稀释作用减弱,使得污染物经八卦洲分流后的浓度略小于传播向下游的浓度。

基于遥感影像的湖库型饮用水源地污染源检测方法研究

对污染源的判断可提高湖库型水体的质量,由于目前污染源的定位精度低和误检率高,提出了基于遥感影像的湖库型饮用水源地污染源检测方法。根据湖库型饮用水源地的环境特征,搭建污染源的空间分布函数,计算出饮用水源地污染源的清澈度,完成湖库型饮用水源地污染源的定位,基于遥感生成湖库型饮用水源地影像的总亮度,提取出污染水体的纹理特征,利用遥感影像设计湖库型饮用水源地污染源检测算法,实现了湖库型饮用水源地污染源检测。结果表明,文中方法可以将污染源的定位精度提高到90%以上,误检率控制在15%以内,提高湖库型水体的质量。

农村饮用水水源地安全保障与水环境污染防治

农村饮水资源的质量问题可直接影响当地居民的身体健康。相关部门既要分析农村水环境状况,又要深入农村水源地查找出水污染的源头,并及时对其进行分类处理。基于农村饮用水发展现状,综合探讨保障农村饮用水水源地安全和防治农村饮用水环境污染的措施,旨在确保农村饮用水安全和质量。

关于饮用水水源保护区现存问题的相关思考

水资源是人类生存生活中必不可少的一项自然资源,加强水资源保护十分必要,而饮用水水源更需要加强管理和保护,避免饮用水水源污染问题的出现。本文讨论了饮用水水源保护区划定规范和饮水水源保护区管理的现存问题,分析了相应的解决对策和优化方案,希望通过本文的探讨和分析可以有效解决饮用水水源保护区的管理问题,并提高水源保护能力,避免饮用水水源受到污染。

农村饮用水水源地安全保障与水环境污染防治

随着农村经济的快速发展,各类农村生活垃圾、厂矿工业废料、农药及化肥等污染物排放量增大,导致农村水环境污染严重。水源地是饮用水水质安全的第一道保障,农村饮用水水环境安全与否直接关系着农村居民的生命健康。基于此,主要探讨了农村饮用水水源地的安全问题,同时针对现有水环境污染问题提出了解决对策,以供参考。

南宁市水库型饮用水源水质现状及污染成因分析

2021年监督监测南宁市20座饮用水水源地水库,水库水质总体合格率为50%。超标项目为pH、磷、氮、化学需氧量、生化需氧量及粪大肠菌群,水源总体富营养化率达55.0%。水量偏少,水体自净能力不足,面源污染,网箱养鱼为水质超标,合格率偏低,富营养化程度偏高的原因。可从涵养水源、发展生态种养殖业,加大农村生活污水治理力度,发展生态渔业等方面改善水库型饮用水源水体质量。