Pollution Control Programs of Large-Scale Livestock and Poultry Farms in the Dianchi Lake Basin

With the enlarging scale and intensifying production of livestock and poultry breeding, the environment pollution becomes increasingly prominent in the Dianchi Lake Basin since 1990s. According to the survey of ＂The First National Census of Pollution Sources＂, occurrence and discharge of pollutants in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in this region were first understood. The pollution characteristics of large-scale live- stock and poultry breeding were also analyzed deeply. On this basis, the significance of pollution control programs for environment protection was investigated from aspects of pollution control policy, technology management and publicity.

Measures for Pollution Emission Reduction in Large-scale Livestock and Poultry Farm of Jilin Province

In order to improve the level of livestock and poultry breeding pollution control,fulfill the requirements of pollution reduction and complete total emission reduction target of main pollutants in Jilin Province,based on the analysis of livestock and poultry breeding excrement characteristics,the current main problems existing in the management are deeply studied,and it puts forward the technique model suitable for livestock and poultry breeding pollution governance in Jilin Province,which is one of the important means to solve the rural environment pollution in Jilin Province.

Study on Measures and Policies to Reduce Pollution in Raising Livestock and Poultry in Jiangsu Province

As a developed province in China,Jiangsu Province is competitive in the livestock and poultry production industry.With the development and growing intensity of livestock and poultry industry,animal pollution has become the major source of panel agricultural pollution.This paper studied the characteristics of livestock and poultry industry in Jiangsu Province:large amount of livestock poultry,imbalanced development of livestock and regional differences,large pollution,large amount of pollution emission,uneven distribution of livestock and great pressure on reducing pollution.Besides,the ways to deal with pollution in Jiangsu Province were analyzed:fertilizer accumulation,biogas process technology,animal stools disposal center,ferment bed technology,and comprehensive disposal technology.Governments'policies on pollution reduction were expounded.In the end,several suggestions were put forward,such as strengthening management,innovating treatment,intensifying governments'responsibility,enlarging financial input and creating favorable atmosphere to protect environment.

Research Progress on Resource Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Manure

Although mass livestock and poultry breeding brought magnificent econom-ic benefits to the society, it made great harm to the environment. By reviewing the current status of environmental pol ution caused by livestock and poultry manure in China, harm-free treatment technology for livestock and poultry manure including fer-tilization technology, feed processing technology and energy technology were elabo-rated so as to address the existing issues in this regard and provide references for resource utilization and eliminating environmental pol ution through modified technical system and environment laws.

Evaluation on Feed Factors Affecting the Dung Pollutants of Livestock and Poultry

The 30 pairs of feed and dung samples from the livestock and poultry farms with different scales were checked and analyzed. The results showed： a great linear relation existed between the feed factors and 7 pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, iron, arsenic, mercury, cadmium in livestock and poultry＇s dung. The main affecting factors of feed were respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and arsenic, which were totally feed ingredient elements. And it indicated that the dung pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, iron, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium could be regulated by controlling the feed ingredients. But the dung nitrogen did not have a linear relation with the feed factors. Reducing the nitrogen in feed did not mean the relative decrease of the dung nitrogen content. Feed consumption rate of unit weight did not have notable performances, and it did not show curve model after curve fitting method. The pollutant index of ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and arsenic of the group whose feed consumption rate of unit weight was less than 20 g/kg·d was extremely remarkably lower than those of the 20 -30 g/kg·d group. The pollutant index of mercury, chromium, and cadmium showed the opposite performance. With the increase of feed consumption rate, each pollutant did not act in an increasing trend, of which the pollutant index of ammonia nitrogen and the general phosphorus presented a quadratic model trend. The feed consumption level of unit weight had an extremely remarkable effect on the pollution level rate and the eady warning level rate, showing the thrice model trend, of which the 20 -30 g/kg. d group was the maximal, respectively for 16.67% and 50%, which was the same with the above-mentioned law.

Estimation of Production Amount of Livestock and Poultry Manure and Environmental Impact Assessment in Guangxi

This study was intended to estimate production of major livestock and poultry manure and contaminant content,and find out current situation of manure pollution,so as to provide reference for pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Guangxi.Based on the related statistic data in 2010 and the excretion coefficient of different livestock and poultry,the manure and its contaminant production amount of main livestock and poultry in Guangxi were estimated.Then the annual livestock and poultry manure load of farmland and the loss of contaminant were also calculated to analyze the ecological pressure resulted from livestock and poultry breeding in Guangxi.Following results were obtained:in 2010,the production amount of the livestock and poultry manure in Guangxi was 9141.30×104tons,including nutrient TN42.07×104tons and TP 13.62×104tons;the annual livestock and poultry manure and N,P pure nutrient load of farmland was 21t/hm2,98kg/hm2,and 32 kg/hm2respectively;the production amount of manure contaminants was BOD5383.43×104tons,COD Cr435.42×104tons,and NH3-N 42.08×104tons;according to 30%loss rate,the loss amount of COD Cr and NH3-N was higher than the sum of industrial and life waste water.It was concluded that the livestock and poultry breeding industry had little impact on soil environment,but posed a grave threat to water environment.

The river chief system and agricultural non-point source water pollution control in China

As part of their efforts to control water pollution,local governments in China introduced the river chief system,whereby a named individual undertakes responsibility for protecting a specified waterway.As one of the most prominent sources of water pollution,agricultural non-point-source(NPS)pollution is becoming increasingly serious.Determining whether the river chief system,an institutional reform in China's decentralized environmental regulation regime,is effective in alleviating NPS pollution is important for the realization of green development.The effect of the river chief system on reducing agricultural NPS pollution is explored in this study using panel data from 308 Chinese counties during the period from 2004 to 2015.The results reveal that the negative impact of manure output from animal breeding operations on surface water quality is reduced with the implementation of the river chief system.However,the river chief system is ineffective in dealing with the water pollution caused by fertilizer use.Furthermore,in the current system,cooperation among river chiefs only occurs within a province.Local governments should increase their efforts in reducing fertilizer source loads and preventing fertilizer loads from entering surface waters.In addition,the central government should improve cooperation among the river chiefs in upstream and downstream provinces.

Evaluation of the nonmarket value of livestock and poultry feces returning to farmland utilization using CVM in Heilongjiang,China

Aiming at a series of hot issues and topics,such as resource waste,environmental pollution,and Mollisol protection,related to the arbitrary discharge of livestock and poultry feces,livestock and poultry feces are taken as the research object,a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate residents’cognition and willingness to pay(WTP)for the nonmarket value of livestock and poultry feces returning to farmland in Heilongjiang Province,China.The contingent valuation method(CVM)was used for the correlation analysis of WTP and socioeconomic characteristics,and correlation analysis of payment mode and socioeconomic characteristics.Meanwhile,the factors influencing WTP and payment mode were analyzed.The results show that the majority of the respondents are aware of the harmfulness of the arbitrary discharge of livestock and poultry feces and the importance of its nonmarket regeneration value.Approximately 90.09% of respondents were willing to pay for the return of livestock and poultry feces to fields.In 2020,the total value of WTP of livestock and poultry feces returning to farmland in Heilongjiang Province was 4.65 billion CNY,equivalent to 1.32% of the total agricultural production of Heilongjiang Province in the same year.And the nonmarket value of livestock and poultry feces is estimated to be 1456.69 CNY/t.The annual average WTP of rural and urban households is 286.42 CNY and 422.90 CNY per household,accounting for 0.46% and 0.52% of the average annual income of households,respectively.Therefore,the return of livestock and poultry feces to farmland utilization has a high nonmarket value.The analysis shows that the average annual household income is a significant factor in WTP,and the registered permanent residence type and the average annual household income are significant factors in payment mode.The research results should provide a scientific and theoretical basis for the government’s policy and decision-making on the return of livestock and poultry feces to farmland.

基于文献计量学的畜禽养殖废水处理研究现状及发展趋势

为全面了解畜禽养殖废水领域的研究进展,利用VOSviewer对Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库中2003—2023年畜禽养殖废水相关文献进行统计及可视化分析,通过关键词聚类分析,了解该领域的研究主线及多年变化。结果显示:畜禽养殖废水研究领域近3年发文量增长迅猛,截至2023年发文量已达4117篇,中国、美国学者对该领域研究的贡献度较高且合作密切;有机物、营养物质、致病菌、重金属和抗生素为畜禽养殖废水处理的主要污染物,其中,重金属和抗生素近年来引起了较多的关注,加强畜禽养殖废水中抗生素的监管与处理具有紧迫性;在时间尺度上的映射发现,畜禽养殖废水主要以生物处理技术为主,关键词microalgae-based wastewater treatment(微藻驱动废水处理)的平均出现年份为2022年,表明其为当前畜禽养殖废水处理的新兴技术。此外,还从污染物种类、处理技术方面探讨了畜禽养殖废水处理研究的不足及未来发展趋势,提出基于可持续发展观的低能耗、抗冲击、高附加值的处理技术可能是未来的研究重点,应在此基础上开发新的水处理技术及应用研究。

微生物燃料电池处理畜禽养殖废水研究进展及展望

随着畜禽养殖业向规模化、集约化方向发展,畜禽养殖过程中产生的大量废水成为畜禽养殖场周围环境污染的重要因素。微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell,MFC)作为一种电化学微生物技术,能够在去除废水中有机物的同时产生电能,在处理高浓度畜禽养殖废水方面具有广阔的发展和应用前景。本文介绍了MFC的分类,并从污染物(化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷和抗生素)去除和产电性能两个方面分析MFC在畜禽养殖废水处理领域的研究现状,并拓展性地阐述了新型耦合MFC技术处理畜禽养殖废水的应用前景,最后指出MFC处理畜禽养殖废水存在的问题,并提出未来可行的发展方向,包括放大装置尺寸、开发新型耦合MFC技术、研究参数的交互作用、深入发掘污染物去除机理和电子传递机制。

畜禽粪便好氧堆肥雌激素降解调控研究进展

收集并分析了近年来与畜禽粪便及其堆肥相关的成果,总结了雌激素的理化特性及其在畜禽粪便中的赋存情况,阐述了堆肥工艺参数、不同添加剂以及共存污染物对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中雌激素降解的影响及作用机制.在畜禽粪便中威胁较大的雌激素主要为雌三醇、雌二醇和雌酮.堆肥工艺中保持不低于8d的高温持续时间更有利于雌激素的降解.添加剂中接种微生物菌剂对雌激素的降解效果最佳.重金属、微塑料和抗生素等共存污染物对雌激素的降解更多表现为抑制作用.然而畜禽粪便堆肥中雌激素的降解研究还需不断深入.鉴于此,在已有研究基础上对未来研究和重点关注的方向进行展望.

畜禽粪便中雌激素污染特征与控制技术研究进展

本文对国内外报道过的畜禽粪便中常见雌激素的结构与性质、种类与含量、迁移特点和控制技术进行了总结归纳,对比不同种类、生长阶段畜禽粪便中雌激素的含量,发现动物类型、粪便特性、生理状态等因素导致雌激素含量存在较大差异,应根据不同雌激素的污染特征进行针对性治理.大量文献报道畜禽养殖场周围环境中检测出不同种类的雌激素,表明雌激素存在环境迁移风险,亟需建立风险评估体系以确保生态安全和人类健康.畜禽粪便中雌激素的控制技术有好氧堆肥、高级氧化和微生物降解,大量雌激素降解菌株已从不同环境中被分离并应用,而雌激素降解功能菌群和固定化菌剂在应对不同的环境压力、抵御污染物胁迫方面更具备应用潜力,菌群间的互作机制和雌激素的降解机制未来仍需深入探索和研究.

环梵净山区域畜禽养殖污染量估算及负荷预警研究

为了解环梵净山区域畜禽养殖污染与环境保护之间是否存在现实矛盾,文章运用排污系数法与土地承载法估算2014-2021年该区域畜禽养殖污染量并对其负荷预警进行分析。结果表明:(1)区域畜禽粪尿、TP、TN污染物排放量总体呈上升趋势,其中粪尿排放量依次是牛>猪>家禽>羊,TP排放量趋于平稳,TN变化趋势较大,各乡镇畜禽粪尿、TP、TN排放量差异较大,其中德旺乡的排放量最多,太平镇最少,其余乡镇变化不大;(2)区域猪粪当量、N、P负荷总体处于上升态势,N、P最大负荷量均未超过欧盟标准,各乡镇负荷变化趋势差异较大,部分乡镇的负荷值已经超过区域均值,污染负荷问题较为严重;区域内畜禽污染预警等级存在上升趋势,污染风险逐渐增大,除太平镇无污染外,其余乡镇在不同时间段均存在污染,负荷预警问题严峻。由此提出调整畜禽养殖结构,合理控制畜禽饲养规模,严格落实保护区规定,精准实施污染治理政策,加大养殖主体技能培训,拓宽养殖主体就业渠道等对策建议。

乡村振兴视域下农村生态环境污染物排放控制与治理研究

为解决农村生态环境污染问题,在乡村振兴视域下,针对农村环境污染物排放提出控制与治理措施。农村生态环境污染最严重的是土壤、河道和大气,究其原因是农药、化肥和薄膜的使用、畜禽粪便没有完善的处理系统、秸秆焚烧和生活垃圾焚烧、煤炭燃烧。对此提出控制和治理措施:禁止焚烧秸秆和生活垃圾、增设污水处理措施、加强垃圾处理措施,从源头控制污染物的排放;大力推动新型农业的发展、禁止散煤的使用,对污染的农村生态环境进行治理。利用所提措施对某村庄治理一段时间后,河道、土壤、大气环境质量均得到了有效提升。

甘肃省合作市畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用现状分析与对策建议

为了掌握合作市畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用情况,通过深入农牧村,对全市粪污资源化利用状况进行调查,在掌握现状、存在问题的基础上,结合当下畜牧业发展和粪污资源化利用情况,提供操作性强的意见和建议。

畜禽养殖项目环评中恶臭污染物种类及执行标准的探讨

畜禽养殖项目环境影响评价中,废气污染物种类通常识别氨、硫化氢和臭气浓度3种,但GB18596—2001《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》中只规定了臭气浓度排放限值。因此,畜禽养殖项目环评是否应识别氨和硫化氢,尚存争议;若识别了氨和硫化氢,氨和硫化氢的执行标准也尚需探讨。本文从现行行业标准规范管控要求、畜禽行业特征污染物、相关规划计划要求、《生态环境标准管理办法》规定、标准编制组对标准定位等方面进行分析论证,得出畜禽养殖项目环境影响评价中恶臭污染物宜识别臭气浓度和氨,且氨应当执行GB 14554—93《恶臭污染物排放标准》的结论,可为同类项目环境影响评价提供参考。

上海市畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准浅析

“十四五”期间,在上海市水环境容量不足、恶臭污染防治要求迫切的背景下,上海市组织编制、修订了《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准:DB 31/1098—2018》。文章围绕上海市畜禽养殖业污染基本概况、上海市企业达标率、标准发布后的社会经济生态效益,分析了上海市畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准的现实意义和环境意义。结果表明:畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准对畜禽养殖场提出更高要求,可以有效引导上海畜禽养殖业转型升级;制定上海市《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》,可减少畜禽场恶臭扰民状况发生,降低投诉信访频次、有效缓解场群矛盾;同时,标准对畜禽场主要恶臭排放环节(棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥、污水贮存)的管理要求做出了规定,有利于控制大气污染物排放,改善环境空气质量。

黄河流域(榆林段)畜禽养殖污染现状及防治对策研究

榆林区域畜禽养殖污染已成为该地区面临的严重环境问题。该文旨在对其现状进行全面评估,并提出有效的治理对策。通过对畜禽养殖规模、排放污染物种类和量化、污染对环境和人类健康的影响进行科学分析,深入剖析了污染问题的根源和危害程度。针对现状,提出饲料改良、粪污资源化利用等技术手段,以及加强排污监管体系、推动畜禽养殖与农田一体化治理等综合对策。未来研究将侧重于技术创新、政策法规完善等方面,以实现畜禽养殖业的可持续发展和环境保护。通过该文的研究和对策提出,以期为榆林区域畜禽养殖污染问题的治理提供有效的科学支持,促进畜禽养殖业的可持续发展,实现经济、社会和环境的协调与可持续发展。

我国畜禽粪污资源化利用潜力与时空分布特征

为准确掌握我国各区域畜禽粪污及其资源化利用潜力时空分布特征,有助于制定具有区域针对性的畜禽粪污无害化处理与资源化利用措施。基于统计数据,利用产污系数法估算我国畜禽粪污产生量;利用锡尔指数法、聚类分析法进一步分析其区域差异;通过土地承载力与土地负荷警戒值估算我国不同区域污染情况;通过化肥替代法与标准煤替代法估算我国畜禽粪污资源化利用潜力。结果表明:(1)2000—2019年我国畜禽粪污及其氮磷产量在时间维度上呈显著增长趋势,畜禽粪污产量总增幅24.00%,氮和磷总量总涨幅20.45%;(2)我国畜禽粪污和氮磷在空间分布上表现出鲜明的区域分布特征,区域内差异是造成全国差异的主要因素,20年间中南区和华东区是我国畜禽粪污和氮磷产生量的主要贡献区;(3)2019年我国氮磷土地负荷量均未超出欧盟标准,仅山东省畜禽粪污土地负荷量达到Ⅱ级,稍有污染风险;(4)2019年我国畜禽粪污资源化潜力分别为:氮肥、磷肥替代潜力分别为19.25%、4.55%,其中西藏自治区和青海省氮肥替代率分别为279.30%和137.99%,具有完全替代潜力。可折算为标准煤18266.24万tec,达到当年能源消费量替代潜力3.73%,全国均可不同程度实现能源替代。因此,我国应因地制宜,根据各区域实际畜禽粪污特征发展有机肥行业,鼓励生物能源开发等,制定具有区域针对性的政策与措施,从而推进我国畜禽粪污资源化利用。

粮食主产区畜禽粪便对耕地的污染风险与预测

畜禽养殖是目前农业面源污染的主要污染源之一,如果畜禽粪便未经妥善处理或排入土壤的量超过土壤自净能力,粪便中的氮、磷等有机污染物会造成环境污染。依据2011—2020年粮食主产区畜禽养殖和耕地面积数据,分析粮食主产区各省(自治区)畜禽粪便产生量、猪粪当量以及耕地污染物负荷情况,并对未来作出预测。结果表明:2020年粮食主产区猪粪当量总量较2011年下降4%,排放量最多的省份是山东;耕地总氮负荷量平均值为134.84 kg/hm~2,耕地总磷负荷量平均值为62.44 kg/hm~2;耕地负荷污染风险较高的省份有山东、四川、湖南。预计未来,粮食主产区猪、牛、羊的养殖量均呈下降趋势,家禽养殖量呈上升趋势;山东的畜禽粪便污染风险等级为Ⅳ级,污染较严重;四川、湖南的风险等级为Ⅲ级,有污染。因此,应重点加强对山东、四川、湖南的畜禽粪便污染防控。