Pollution Control Programs of Large-Scale Livestock and Poultry Farms in the Dianchi Lake Basin

With the enlarging scale and intensifying production of livestock and poultry breeding, the environment pollution becomes increasingly prominent in the Dianchi Lake Basin since 1990s. According to the survey of ＂The First National Census of Pollution Sources＂, occurrence and discharge of pollutants in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in this region were first understood. The pollution characteristics of large-scale live- stock and poultry breeding were also analyzed deeply. On this basis, the significance of pollution control programs for environment protection was investigated from aspects of pollution control policy, technology management and publicity.

Measures for Pollution Emission Reduction in Large-scale Livestock and Poultry Farm of Jilin Province

In order to improve the level of livestock and poultry breeding pollution control,fulfill the requirements of pollution reduction and complete total emission reduction target of main pollutants in Jilin Province,based on the analysis of livestock and poultry breeding excrement characteristics,the current main problems existing in the management are deeply studied,and it puts forward the technique model suitable for livestock and poultry breeding pollution governance in Jilin Province,which is one of the important means to solve the rural environment pollution in Jilin Province.

Study on Measures and Policies to Reduce Pollution in Raising Livestock and Poultry in Jiangsu Province

As a developed province in China,Jiangsu Province is competitive in the livestock and poultry production industry.With the development and growing intensity of livestock and poultry industry,animal pollution has become the major source of panel agricultural pollution.This paper studied the characteristics of livestock and poultry industry in Jiangsu Province:large amount of livestock poultry,imbalanced development of livestock and regional differences,large pollution,large amount of pollution emission,uneven distribution of livestock and great pressure on reducing pollution.Besides,the ways to deal with pollution in Jiangsu Province were analyzed:fertilizer accumulation,biogas process technology,animal stools disposal center,ferment bed technology,and comprehensive disposal technology.Governments'policies on pollution reduction were expounded.In the end,several suggestions were put forward,such as strengthening management,innovating treatment,intensifying governments'responsibility,enlarging financial input and creating favorable atmosphere to protect environment.

Effects of Probiotics on Breeding Environment and Intestinal Microorganisms of Livestock and Poultry

[Objectives] The paper was to study the effects of probiotics on breeding environment of livestock and poultry and intestinal microorgan-isms of breeding animals. [Method] Chicken houses and hog houses were selected as the research objects. The breeding house supplemented with basal diet was used as the control group;the breeding house sprayed with probiotics product 1 was experimental group 1(exogenous treatment);the basal diet mixed with probiotics product 2 and drinking water mixed with product 3 was experimental group 2(endogenous treatment);and the com-bination of the two experimental groups was experimental group 3. [Results] Experimental groups 1 and 2 reduced the concentration of ammonia in hog houses and chicken houses, and the effect of experimental group 2 was better than that of experimental group 1. Experimental group 3 had the best effect, which significantly reduced the ammonia concentration in hog houses and chicken houses by 28.67% and 34.09%, respectively, and the average ammonia concentration outside the house within the range of 100-300 m was less than 2 mg/m^(3). Moreover, it significantly increased the number of intestinal lactobacillus and reduced the number of Escherichia coli. [Conclusions] Probiotics can effectively reduce the ammonia concentration in livestock and poultry breeding environment, and improve the intestinal microbial structure of breeding animals. The technology of spraying exogenous probiotics combined with the use of content-derived probiotics has great potential for popularization and application.

Research Progress on Resource Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Manure

Although mass livestock and poultry breeding brought magnificent econom-ic benefits to the society, it made great harm to the environment. By reviewing the current status of environmental pol ution caused by livestock and poultry manure in China, harm-free treatment technology for livestock and poultry manure including fer-tilization technology, feed processing technology and energy technology were elabo-rated so as to address the existing issues in this regard and provide references for resource utilization and eliminating environmental pol ution through modified technical system and environment laws.

Evaluation on Feed Factors Affecting the Dung Pollutants of Livestock and Poultry

The 30 pairs of feed and dung samples from the livestock and poultry farms with different scales were checked and analyzed. The results showed： a great linear relation existed between the feed factors and 7 pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, iron, arsenic, mercury, cadmium in livestock and poultry＇s dung. The main affecting factors of feed were respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and arsenic, which were totally feed ingredient elements. And it indicated that the dung pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, iron, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium could be regulated by controlling the feed ingredients. But the dung nitrogen did not have a linear relation with the feed factors. Reducing the nitrogen in feed did not mean the relative decrease of the dung nitrogen content. Feed consumption rate of unit weight did not have notable performances, and it did not show curve model after curve fitting method. The pollutant index of ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, and arsenic of the group whose feed consumption rate of unit weight was less than 20 g/kg·d was extremely remarkably lower than those of the 20 -30 g/kg·d group. The pollutant index of mercury, chromium, and cadmium showed the opposite performance. With the increase of feed consumption rate, each pollutant did not act in an increasing trend, of which the pollutant index of ammonia nitrogen and the general phosphorus presented a quadratic model trend. The feed consumption level of unit weight had an extremely remarkable effect on the pollution level rate and the eady warning level rate, showing the thrice model trend, of which the 20 -30 g/kg. d group was the maximal, respectively for 16.67% and 50%, which was the same with the above-mentioned law.

Detection of Cyanide in Pollution-free Livestock Product Breeding Water by Ion Chromatography

In order to verify the accuracy of ion chromatography for cyanide detection,optimization conditions were studied,and comparison was made for the detection results of cyanide between titration and isonicotinic acid pyrazolone spectrophotometry. The results showed that ion chromatography has good linearity and reproducibility,with the recovery rate of 95%-105% and the limit of detection of 0. 001 mg/L. This method is simple,rapid,safe,selective,and suitable for the determination of cyanide in pollution-free livestock product breeding water.

Estimation of Production Amount of Livestock and Poultry Manure and Environmental Impact Assessment in Guangxi

This study was intended to estimate production of major livestock and poultry manure and contaminant content,and find out current situation of manure pollution,so as to provide reference for pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Guangxi.Based on the related statistic data in 2010 and the excretion coefficient of different livestock and poultry,the manure and its contaminant production amount of main livestock and poultry in Guangxi were estimated.Then the annual livestock and poultry manure load of farmland and the loss of contaminant were also calculated to analyze the ecological pressure resulted from livestock and poultry breeding in Guangxi.Following results were obtained:in 2010,the production amount of the livestock and poultry manure in Guangxi was 9141.30×104tons,including nutrient TN42.07×104tons and TP 13.62×104tons;the annual livestock and poultry manure and N,P pure nutrient load of farmland was 21t/hm2,98kg/hm2,and 32 kg/hm2respectively;the production amount of manure contaminants was BOD5383.43×104tons,COD Cr435.42×104tons,and NH3-N 42.08×104tons;according to 30%loss rate,the loss amount of COD Cr and NH3-N was higher than the sum of industrial and life waste water.It was concluded that the livestock and poultry breeding industry had little impact on soil environment,but posed a grave threat to water environment.

The river chief system and agricultural non-point source water pollution control in China

As part of their efforts to control water pollution,local governments in China introduced the river chief system,whereby a named individual undertakes responsibility for protecting a specified waterway.As one of the most prominent sources of water pollution,agricultural non-point-source(NPS)pollution is becoming increasingly serious.Determining whether the river chief system,an institutional reform in China's decentralized environmental regulation regime,is effective in alleviating NPS pollution is important for the realization of green development.The effect of the river chief system on reducing agricultural NPS pollution is explored in this study using panel data from 308 Chinese counties during the period from 2004 to 2015.The results reveal that the negative impact of manure output from animal breeding operations on surface water quality is reduced with the implementation of the river chief system.However,the river chief system is ineffective in dealing with the water pollution caused by fertilizer use.Furthermore,in the current system,cooperation among river chiefs only occurs within a province.Local governments should increase their efforts in reducing fertilizer source loads and preventing fertilizer loads from entering surface waters.In addition,the central government should improve cooperation among the river chiefs in upstream and downstream provinces.

畜禽养殖场臭气治理技术研究进展

随着我国畜禽养殖规模逐渐扩大,畜禽养殖场产生的臭气问题日渐突出。在畜禽养殖过程中,养殖场的臭气主要来源于畜禽粪尿、畜禽自身排出气体、饲料残渣、污水、堆肥间等,臭味大多与氨气、硫化氢、吲哚、粪臭素等相关,其中含量较多的成分是氨气和硫化氢,会对生态环境和人体健康甚至畜禽本身产生严重危害,因此对畜禽养殖场臭气的治理迫在眉睫。针对养殖场臭气治理,可采用源头减排、过程控制和末端治理三大途径,从异位和原位进行臭气控制:异位控制是通过物理、化学和生物法对已经释放的臭气进行末端控制;原位控制是通过一些饲料添加剂对畜禽体内进行调控,从而实现过程控制和源头减排臭气,以此减轻养殖场臭气产生的危害。本文基于国内外养殖场臭气治理的相关研究,系统梳理了养殖场臭气的治理技术,并分别对各个技术进行了相关典型案例分析,为养殖场臭气治理的研究提供了一定的技术参考。

饲用微生态制剂的研究进展及应用

近年来,随着“限抗令”的实施,更多的饲用替抗产品被研发并投入使用,微生态制剂即为其中之一。饲用微生态制剂以其维持肠道菌群平衡、提高免疫力等功效跻身饲用替抗产品行列。文中着重论述了微生态制剂的分类、作用机理和在养殖业的应用,为今后的饲料添加剂的研发应用提供理论基础。

基于文献计量学的畜禽养殖废水处理研究现状及发展趋势

为全面了解畜禽养殖废水领域的研究进展,利用VOSviewer对Web of Science(WoS)核心合集数据库中2003—2023年畜禽养殖废水相关文献进行统计及可视化分析,通过关键词聚类分析,了解该领域的研究主线及多年变化。结果显示:畜禽养殖废水研究领域近3年发文量增长迅猛,截至2023年发文量已达4117篇,中国、美国学者对该领域研究的贡献度较高且合作密切;有机物、营养物质、致病菌、重金属和抗生素为畜禽养殖废水处理的主要污染物,其中,重金属和抗生素近年来引起了较多的关注,加强畜禽养殖废水中抗生素的监管与处理具有紧迫性;在时间尺度上的映射发现,畜禽养殖废水主要以生物处理技术为主,关键词microalgae-based wastewater treatment(微藻驱动废水处理)的平均出现年份为2022年,表明其为当前畜禽养殖废水处理的新兴技术。此外,还从污染物种类、处理技术方面探讨了畜禽养殖废水处理研究的不足及未来发展趋势,提出基于可持续发展观的低能耗、抗冲击、高附加值的处理技术可能是未来的研究重点,应在此基础上开发新的水处理技术及应用研究。

近40 a中国畜禽养殖信息技术研究现状与发展趋势——基于CiteSpace的知识图谱分析

近40 a来,中国畜禽养殖信息技术研究取得了诸多阶段性成果,定量分析该领域的研究脉络、现状、热点与趋势,可为畜禽养殖信息技术的发展方向、学科布局和未来规划等提供有益借鉴。以中国知网1980年1月—2022年2月收录的畜禽养殖信息技术领域科研文献为数据源,构建多条件组合专业检索式,获取有效文献1908篇,建立文献数据库,采用文献计量学方法和CiteSpace 5.8.R3进行定量分析。结果表明:文献分布时间和演化趋势分析显示中国畜禽养殖信息化研究大致经历了1980—2004年、2005—2013年以及2014年至今3个发展阶段。该领域发文最多的机构是中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,大部分机构和研究者还有很大的交流合作空间。热点分析表明出现频次最多的3个关键词为物联网、畜牧业、信息化,关键词聚类揭示畜禽养殖信息化研究主要围绕信息技术、饲养标准、畜牧生产等16个主题6大方向开展。未来的研究中还要加强作者和各单位之间的合作。

畜禽种业振兴背景下动物科学创新创业人才培养

面对我国畜禽种业振兴的紧迫需求和高等农业教育改革的新动向,文章致力于解析农业院校畜牧学专业在创新创业人才培养方面的瓶颈和挑战,推动人才培养与产业发展的高效对接。通过深入分析当前农业院校动物科学专业与畜禽种业创新人才需求之间的匹配程度,阐述现有教育模式在育种人才创新创业能力培养方面的问题,研究进一步提出与畜牧产业高度融合的双创型人才培养模式,并构建了一套科学的评价指标体系,提出师资队伍结构多元化、专业化建设方案。研究结果旨在培养具备强大专业能力和创新创业能力的“双强人才”,为我国畜禽种业的持续发展和全球竞争力的提升提供有力的人才支持。

环境保护税感知度对畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用行为的影响

在绿色可持续发展的宏观背景下,探讨畜禽养殖主体对环境保护税的感知度,对促进畜禽粪污资源化利用具有重要且迫切的现实意义。本研究以2023年1—3月对湖南省910份畜禽养殖主体进行调查后的数据为研究样本,对环境保护税感知度与畜禽养殖粪污资源化利用行为之间存在的关系进行研究。结果表明:环境保护税感知度及其细分维度对规模场及养殖户畜禽粪污资源化利用行为有显著的正向影响,但影响程度存在差异。年龄、养殖收入占总收入的比例均对畜禽养殖主体资源化利用行为有显著的正向影响。据此提出以下建议:政府和相关组织要充分履行宣传职能,拓宽宣传渠道;提高产品的经济价值,扩大资源化产品市场,从而推动畜禽粪污资源化利用。

计算机数据采集技术在智慧畜禽养殖场中的应用

随着计算机数据采集技术的不断成熟,畜禽养殖行业迎来了新的发展机遇。因为畜禽养殖直接关系到市场中肉蛋奶等动物源性食品的稳定供给,一直受到社会的广泛关注。与传统养殖模式相比,智慧畜禽养殖具有智能化的特点,能有效提升畜禽养殖效能,降低饲料成本,从而保障养殖场的经济效益。本文从计算机数据采集技术的角度对智慧畜禽养殖中的优势进行分析,并强调了计算机数据采集技术在智慧畜禽养殖场中的应用策略,力求借助更科学、更精确的控制措施不断提高饲养管理水平和养殖经济效益,有效助推畜禽养殖行业的转型升级。

天水市种畜禽场发展现状及对策建议

为加快种畜禽繁育体系建设,优化设施建设,增强供种能力,加大引进力度,提高种畜禽场标准化、规范化建设水平,通过对全市种畜禽场的发展现状、存在的问题开展调研,提出了相应的对策建议。

微生物燃料电池处理畜禽养殖废水研究进展及展望

随着畜禽养殖业向规模化、集约化方向发展,畜禽养殖过程中产生的大量废水成为畜禽养殖场周围环境污染的重要因素。微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell,MFC)作为一种电化学微生物技术,能够在去除废水中有机物的同时产生电能,在处理高浓度畜禽养殖废水方面具有广阔的发展和应用前景。本文介绍了MFC的分类,并从污染物(化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷和抗生素)去除和产电性能两个方面分析MFC在畜禽养殖废水处理领域的研究现状,并拓展性地阐述了新型耦合MFC技术处理畜禽养殖废水的应用前景,最后指出MFC处理畜禽养殖废水存在的问题,并提出未来可行的发展方向,包括放大装置尺寸、开发新型耦合MFC技术、研究参数的交互作用、深入发掘污染物去除机理和电子传递机制。

中国式现代化视域下畜禽种业高质量发展路径研究

畜禽种业高质量发展是保障种源安全的重点,也是打破畜禽种源垄断、提高畜禽产品质量、推动畜禽种业绿色转型的关键抓手,有助于深入推进中国式现代化发展。中国式现代化视域下,畜禽种业高质量发展已取得一定成效,主要表现为畜禽遗传资源丰富、畜禽种源供给能力明显增强、畜禽育种关键核心技术升级。文章提出综合开发畜禽遗传资源,促进畜禽种业特色化发展;加速产学研用深度融合,完善现代标准化畜禽育种体系;强化畜禽育种技术创新与应用,健全畜禽育种关键核心技术攻关机制的发展策略,为推进畜禽种业高质量发展、促进中国式现代化提供参考。

畜禽粪便好氧堆肥雌激素降解调控研究进展

收集并分析了近年来与畜禽粪便及其堆肥相关的成果,总结了雌激素的理化特性及其在畜禽粪便中的赋存情况,阐述了堆肥工艺参数、不同添加剂以及共存污染物对畜禽粪便堆肥过程中雌激素降解的影响及作用机制.在畜禽粪便中威胁较大的雌激素主要为雌三醇、雌二醇和雌酮.堆肥工艺中保持不低于8d的高温持续时间更有利于雌激素的降解.添加剂中接种微生物菌剂对雌激素的降解效果最佳.重金属、微塑料和抗生素等共存污染物对雌激素的降解更多表现为抑制作用.然而畜禽粪便堆肥中雌激素的降解研究还需不断深入.鉴于此,在已有研究基础上对未来研究和重点关注的方向进行展望.