An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Iron and Steel Industry

Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry(ISI),which contributes up to 15%to anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions(or carbon emissions)and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China,are challenged by the huge demand for steel.Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources,indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically.Here,we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction(CER)and pollution emission reduction(PER).We investigated five typical pollutants in this study,namely,petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater,particulate matter,SO_(2),and NO_(x) in off gases,and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035.The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%-11.7%in carbon emissions and 20%-31%in pollution emissions(except for particulate matter emissions)could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio(SSR)scenario.Here,the SSR and electric arc furnace(EAF)ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER(which vary with the type of pollutant).However,subject to a limited volume of steel scrap,a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions.Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization,only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2%can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021.Therefore,the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.

Central environmental protection inspection and carbon emission reduction: A tripartite evolutionary game model from the perspective of carbon neutrality

Since the carbon neutrality target was proposed,many countries have been facing severe challenges to carbon emission reduction sustainably.This study is conducted using a tripartite evolutionary game model to explore the impact of the central environmental protection inspection(CEPI)on driving carbon emission reduction,and to study what factors influence the strategic choices of each party and how they interact with each other.The research results suggest that local governments and manufacturing enterprises would choose strategies that are beneficial to carbon reduction when CEPI increases.When the initial willingness of all parties increases 20%,50%—80%,the time spent for the whole system to achieve stability decreases from 100%,60%—30%.The evolutionary result of“thorough inspection,regulation implementation,low-carbon management”is the best strategy for the tripartite evolutionary game.Moreover,the smaller the cost and the larger the benefit,the greater the likelihood of the three-party game stability strategy appears.This study has important guiding significance for other developing countries to promote carbon emission reduction by environmental policy.

Reduction effect of carbon emission and optimisation path of green finance

Under the background of"dual-carbon",green finance is an important way to promote carbon emission reduction and realize the development of a low-carbon economy.Using provincial panel data from 2000 to 2020,this paper constructs a basic regression model to study the"carbon reduction"effect,mechanism of action,and heterogeneity of green finance.The study finds that:the development of green finance significantly inhibits carbon emissions and has an obvious"carbon reduction"effect;green technology innovation has a mediating effect on the carbon emission reduction effect of green finance;in regions with a high level of economic development or a high degree of marketization,the"carbon reduction"effect of green finance is significant.

Exploration on Key Technologies and Practical Paths for Carbon Emission Reduction in Food System

On the basis of existing research,carbon emission reduction technologies in production,processing,packaging,transportation and storage of the food system were summarized,and their application effects were analyzed.In view of the inherent inadequacy of carbon emission reduction technologies in Chinese food system,starting from carbon labeling technologies and ESG system of the food industry,the unsoundness of the carbon emission reduction evaluation system and the high cost of related technology promotion,countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,encouraging and supporting the development of new carbon emission reduction technologies,and improving carbon emission reduction technology subsidies were proposed by drawing on domestic and international experiences.

Effect of Photovoltaic Power Generation on Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction under Double Carbon Background

Increasing the efficiency and proportion of photovoltaic power generation installations is one of the best ways to reduce both CO_(2) emissions and reliance on fossil-fuel-based power supplies.Solar energy is a clean and renewable power source with excellent potential for further development and utilization.In 2021,the global solar installed capacity was about 749.7 GW.Establishing correlations between solar power generation,standard coal equivalent,carbon sinks,and green sinks is crucial.However,there have been few reports about correlations between the efficiency of tracking solar photovoltaic panels and the above parameters.This paper calculates the increased power generation achievable through the use of tracking photovoltaic panels compared with traditional fixed panels and establishes relationships between power generation,standard coal equivalent,and carbon sinks,providing a basis for attempts to reduce reliance on carbon-based fuels.The calculations show that power generation efficiency can be improved by about 26.12%by enabling solar panels to track the sun's rays during the day and from season to season.Through the use of this improved technology,global CO_(2) emissions can be reduced by 183.63 Mt,and the standard coal equivalent can be reduced by 73.67 Mt yearly.Carbon capture is worth approximately EUR 15.48 billion,and carbon accounting analysis plays a vital role in carbon trading.

Carbon emissions reduction potentiality for railroad transportation based on life cycle assessment

This study addresses the comparative carbon emissions of different transportation modes within a unified evaluation framework,focusing on their carbon footprints from inception to disposal.Specifically,the entire life cycle carbon emissions of High-Speed Rail(HSR),battery electric vehicles,conventional internal combustion engine vehicles,battery electric buses,and conventional internal combustion engine buses are analyzed.The life cycle is segmented into vehicle manufacturing,fuel or electricity production,operational,and dismantlingrecycling stages.This analysis is applied to the Beijing-Tianjin intercity transportation system to explore emission reduction strategies.Results indicate that HSR demonstrates significant carbon emission reduction,with an intensity of only 24%-32% compared to private vehicles and 47%-89% compared to buses.Notably,HSR travel for Beijing-Tianjin intercity emits only 24% of private vehicle emissions,demonstrating the emission reduction benefits of transportation structure optimization.Additionally,predictive modeling reveals the potential for carbon emission reduction through energy structure optimization,providing a guideline for the development of effective transportation management systems.

Analysis of transportation carbon emissions and its potential for reduction in China

The transportation industry is an essential sector for carbon emissions mitigation.This paper firstly used the LMDI(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index)decomposition method to establish factors decomposition model on China's transportation carbon emission.Then,a quantitative analysis was performed to study the factors influencing China's transportation carbon emissions from 1991 to 2008,which are identified as transportation energy efficiency,transportation structure and transportation development.The results showed that:(1)The impact of transportation development on transportation carbon emissions showed pulling function.Its contribution value to carbon emissions remained at high growth since 1991 and showed an exponential growth trend.(2)The impact of transportation structure on transportation carbon emissions showed promoting function in general,but its role in promoting carbon emissions decreased year by year.And with the continuous optimization of transportation structure,the promoting effect decreased gradually and showed the inversed"U"trend.(3)The impact of transportation energy efficiency on transportation carbon emissions showed a function of inhibition before pulling.In order to predict the potential of carbon emission reduction,three scenarios were set.Analysis of the scenarios showed that if greater intensity emission reduction measures are taken,the carbon emissions will reduce by 31.01 million tons by 2015 and by 48.81 million tons by 2020.

Spatial emission reduction effects of China’s carbon emissions trading:quasi-natural experiments and policy spillovers

Insufficient assessment of emission reduction effects still exists in the carbon emission rights trading system,a major environmental regulation measure in China.Based on the data from the carbon trading pilot covering the years from 2007 to 2017,this study combined the synthetic control method with dynamic spatial Durbin model to comprehensively evaluate the spatial emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies.The results showed that:①The carbon trading policies promoted carbon emission reductions in the pilot regions,among which Tianjin and Hubei responded significantly,and also helped to suppress carbon emissions in the neighboring areas.②Long-term emission reduction effect from carbon emissions trading became gradually significant,while the indirect emission reduction effect was relatively weaker.③In term of reducing carbon emissions,the economic development channel played a key role,but it had a threat to the promotion of carbon emissions in the surrounding areas.Energy consumption was the main obstacle to the growth of carbon emissions.④In the long run,technological progress tended to become the key to the effective implementation of potential emission reduction effects of carbon trading policies.Based on the above findings,we suggest that the construction of a national carbon trading market should be promoted,the balanced development and orderly advancement of regional carbon trading markets should be paid attention to,the coordinated development of green economy as well as knowledge and technology exchange and cooperation among regions should be strengthened to form a low carbon development model among regions.

Study on Characteristics and Reduction Countermeasures of the Agricultural Carbon Emission in China

Based on seven carbon sources including chemical fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, nitrogen fertilization, agricultural machinery, irri- gation and straw burning, the carbon emissions in agricultural production of China during 1995-2011 was calculated. The results showed that both total agricultural carbon emission and per capita agricultural carbon emission overall presented growth trends, and the growth rate began to slow in recent years. The agricultural carbon emission intensity decreased year by year. Straw burning was the primary carbon source in China＇s agricul- ture, followed by chemical fertilizer. Total agricultural carbon emission in China in 17 years experienced three stages of ＂fluctuated growth -slow drop-new growth＂. Finally, suggestions and countermeasures of the low-carbon agriculture development in China from three aspects were proposed.

Study on the Emission Reduction Effect of Environmental Protection Tax—An Empirical Study Based on the Change of Pollution Charge Standard in China?

This paper reflects the actual effect of China’s environmental protection tax by empirically analyzing the environmental effect of the emission fee, in order to provide reference for China’s environmental tax reform. Based on the traditional environmental “Kuznets” model, the factor of environmental tax is added to verify the effect of environmental governance of environmental tax. The results show that: 1) the improvement of sulfur dioxide emission charge standard can effectively inhibit industrial sulfur dioxide emission, which verifies the existence of environmental effect of pollution levy policies. 2) The improvement of sewage charge standard has better inhibitory effect on sulfur dioxide emission per unit GDP than on sulfur dioxide emission. 3) There is regional heterogeneity in the “emission reduction” effect of sulfur dioxide emission charges in the eastern, central and western regions of China. Pollutants should be taxed differently according to regional differences. 4) Economic growth and sulfur dioxide emission show an inverted “U” shape, China is still in the stage before the inflection point of EKC. Economic growth still takes environmental damage as the cost, and the “emission reduction” effect of technological progress is not ideal, which reveals the urgency of increasing technological development in the field of green environmental protection under the current situation.

Pricing and decision of carbon emission reduction for closed-loop supply chain considering carbon trading mechanism

To determine the optimal pricing and carbon emission reduction decision, a closed-loop supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer is investigated. In this system, the manufacturer manufactures new products and remanufactures used products while the retailer is responsible for selling new products and remanufactured products. The profit functions of the manufacturer and the retailer are developed, and the corresponding solution formulae for decision variables are given by the Stackelberg game model. Finally, a numerical example is given, and the optimal wholesale price, retail price, carbon emission reduction and others are obtained. Through the sensitivity of the unit carbon allowance price, some significant managerial insights are derived.

Low-Carbon Telecom Solution for China's Emission Reduction and Future Forecasts

Based on the revised reduction models of the 14 low-carbon ICT solutions from Chongqing Mobile of the China Mobile Group,the CO2e emission reduction brought about by low-carbon ICTs of the wireless telecom sector of Chongqing Mobile,the entire China Mobile Group and the whole China in 2009 is calculated.And then the CO2e emission reduction potentials in 2010,2020 and 2030 are calculated in four main important fields of China,i.e.,intelligent transportation,dematerialization,smart work and smart appliances.The ICTs in the telecom sector are mostly dedicated to these fields.It provides a valuable insight into future reduction targets that should be set up for China.

Decomposition analysis of carbon reduction measures and carbon emission changes in five areas in China

Based on the analysis of primary energy consumption structure in five main provinces or municipalities in China,the factors that affect carbon emissions in the five study areas are analyzed quantitatively and comparatively with the decomposition analysis method.Empirical results demonstrate that the decomposition models of carbon emissions can be defined as ＂municipality model＂ and ＂provincial model＂,and the population factor of ＂municipal model＂ plays a significant role in carbon emissions than that of ＂provincial model＂.Either positive or negative effects of energy structure can be found in five different areas.However,there is a general trend that energy structure effort is becoming more and more important.Based on the characteristics and trends of carbon emissions in different areas,the carbon reduction measures are proposed as well.

Measures for Pollution Emission Reduction in Large-scale Livestock and Poultry Farm of Jilin Province

In order to improve the level of livestock and poultry breeding pollution control,fulfill the requirements of pollution reduction and complete total emission reduction target of main pollutants in Jilin Province,based on the analysis of livestock and poultry breeding excrement characteristics,the current main problems existing in the management are deeply studied,and it puts forward the technique model suitable for livestock and poultry breeding pollution governance in Jilin Province,which is one of the important means to solve the rural environment pollution in Jilin Province.

Waste sorting and its effects on carbon emission reduction:Evidence from China

Considering the importance of waste sorting and treatment in the development of an ecological civilization,empirically evaluating the environmental impact of such programs is particularly important.This study uses Xiao'er Township in Gong County,Sichuan Province,China as a case study to analyze and estimate the carbon emission reduction effects of the township's pilot waste sorting program.Using the five-point sampling method,samples of waste are collected,reviewed,and measured for their major components and other key indicators.Additionally,questionnaire surveys and interviews are conducted in the township,along with investigations into existing records and other relevant information.The study adopts the solid waste management-greenhouse gas(SWM-GHG)calculator to study the township data.The case study results imply that proper waste sorting and treatment methods in villages and townships could play a major role in the reduction of carbon emission.Specifically,after implementing waste sorting in Xiao'er,annual carbon emissions were reduced by 2081 tons—equivalent to the electricity consumption of a family of three people for 1718 years,or the amount of CO_(2)emitted by 2641.6L vehicles driving once around the Earth.In the optimal scenario simulation,increasing the recycling of wet waste and recyclable waste further,the level of carbon emission reduction in Xiao'er could reach up to 4482 tons per year.According to the international general carbon trade price,this is equivalent to adding 44,820 US dollars to the GDP,or to an annual saving of 5.71 million kWh.If these waste management methods are expanded to villages and townships across China,then the carbon emissions reduced in a year would be equal to the CO_(2)emitted from electricity generation in Beijing for over a year.Based on these findings,this paper provides three policy recommendations for effective carbon emission reduction:increasing residents'environmental protection awareness over the long term,boosting funding support and enhancing the construction of supporting facilities,and strengthening governance and institutional capacity for waste sorting and treatment.

Exploration and Practice of Precision Emission Reduction Monitoring System in Air Pollution Prevention and Control in a District of Tianjin

At present,China’s atmospheric environmental protection work has achieved initial results,but environmental protection is facing increasing pressure,and the environmental situation is still not optimistic.In response to the call of the state,efforts have been intensified in environmental protection and ecological civilization construction,and supply-side structural reform has been actively promoted,and the Implementation Plan for Tianjin’s Comprehensive Discharge of Industrial Pollution Sources to Meet Standards has been promoted.When the total amount of pollutants discharged in key areas far exceeds the environmental capacity,regional heavy pollution weather will still occur once adverse meteorological conditions are encountered.In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution,when the deterioration of air quality to a certain extent,to protect public health,key gas related industries should carry out emergency emission reduction in accordance with the local emergency plan while the local government starts the emergency response of heavy pollution weather.Direct economic loss of emergency response to heavy pollution weather is enormous.On the basis of meeting the total amount of emissions required by the state,the project aims to achieve the effect of"emission reduction and production increase"by precise emission reduction according to local characteristics.

Research on Low Carbon and Reduction Emission for Transportation Industry in China

The low carbon of sustainable development of ecological economy is sweeping across the world. The logistic industry plays a key role in the economic development, which influences emission and impact of the theory of low carbon. This paper analyzes the energy consumption and carbon emission in different modes in transportation, and provides reasonable suggestions on low carbon and reduction emission for transportation industry in China.

Research on Carbon Reduction Strategy of China’s Industrial Chain with the Goal of Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality

In order to achieve the development goals of emission peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060,carbon reduction measures should be implemented in the whole industrial chain.Based on the existing research,the basic logic of carbon reduction in the industrial chain is analyzed,and then the specific strategies for carbon reduction in the industrial chain are proposed,including:reducing the use of fossil energy and vigorously developing the new energy industry;reducing carbon through energy conservation,industrial upgrading,development of circular economy,and application of carbon capture technology;reducing carbon through low-carbon transformation of logistics industry,innovation of trading methods,and promotion of low-carbon green consumption.The external guarantee system for carbon reduction includes the introduction of relevant policies,laws and regulations,and the use of carbon emission trading mechanism.

Potentials and Challenges of Carbon Knowledge Graph in Sustainable Textile Production for Carbon Traceability:A Review

Textile production has received considerable attention owing to its significance in production value,the complexity of its manufacturing processes and the extensive reach of its supply chains.However,textile industry consumes substantial energy and materials and emits greenhouse gases that severely harm the environment.In addressing this challenge,the concept of sustainable production offers crucial guidance for the sustainable development of the textile industry.Low-carbon manufacturing technologies provide robust technical support for the textile industry to transition to a low-carbon model by optimizing production processes,enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing material waste.Consequently,low-carbon manufacturing technologies have gradually been implemented in sustainable textile production scenarios.However,while research on low-carbon manufacturing technologies for textile production has advanced,these studies predominantly concentrate on theoretical methods,with relatively limited exploration of practical applications.To address this gap,a thorough overview of carbon emission management methods and tools in textile production,as well as the characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emissions in key textile manufacturing processes is presented to identify common issues.Additionally,two new concepts,carbon knowledge graph and carbon traceability,are introduced,offering strategic recommendations and application directions for the low-carbon development of sustainable textile production.Beginning with seven key aspects of sustainable textile production,the characteristics of carbon emissions and their influencing factors in key textile manufacturing process are systematically summarized.The aim is to provide guidance and optimization strategies for future emission reduction efforts by exploring the carbon emission situations and influencing factors at each stage.Furthermore,the potential and challenges of carbon knowledge graph technology are summarized in achieving carbon traceability,and several research ideas and suggestions are proposed.

Carbon emission trading system and stock price crash risk of heavily polluting listed companies in China:based on analyst coverage mechanism

This study reveals the inconsistencies between the negative externalities of carbon emissions and the recognition condition of accounting statements.Hence,the study identifies that heavily polluting enterprises in China have severe off-balance sheet carbon reduction risks before implementing the carbon emission trading system(CETS).Through the staggered difference-in-difference(DID)model and the propen-sity score matching-DID model,the impact of CETS on reducing the risk of stock price crashes is examined using data from China’s A-share heavily polluting listed companies from 2007 to 2019.The results of this study are as follows:(1)CETS can significantly reduce the risk of stock price crashes for heavily polluting companies in the pilot areas.Specifically,CETS reduces the skewness(negative conditional skewness)and down-to-up volatility of the firm-specific weekly returns by 8.7%and 7.6%,respectively.(2)Heterogeneity analysis further shows that the impacts of CETS on the risk of stock price crashes are more significant for heavily polluting enterprises with the bear market condition,short-sighted management,and intensive air pollution.(3)Mechanism tests show that CETS can reduce analysts’coverage of heavy polluters,reducing the risk of stock price crashes.This study reveals the role of CETS from the stock price crash risk perspective and helps to clarify the relationship between climatic risk and corporate financial risk.