Ecological Remediation Measures for Non-point Source Pollution Based on Source-Sink Landscape Theory: A Case Study of Huanghou Basin

The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.

Current Situation and Control Measures of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Typical Basin of South China

In view of the serious non-point source pollution of agriculture in the areas where crop production is concentrated in southern China,the present situation of agricultural non-point source pollution in southern watershed and the main technical measures adopted in the practice of comprehensive prevention and control in recent years are analyzed from the perspectives of different pollution sources such as planting,livestock and poultry breeding,aquaculture and village area runoff.From the perspective of functional restoration and optimization of farmland ecosystem,the countermeasures are put forward,such as strengthening the control of high qualityoriented pollution reduction,layout optimization,constructing circulation system and improving management system,constructing comprehensive prevention and control strategies for ecosystem elements and material exchange,energy flow and logistics linkage,information flow exchange,and maintaining and improving the ability of agricultural ecosystem itself to absorb non-point source pollution.

Study on Management and Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Surface Runoff

Urbanization is the dominant form of land-use change in terms of impacts on water quality, hydrology, physical proper- ties of watersheds and their nonpoint source (NPS) pollution po- tential at present. Urbanization has changed the source, process and sink of urban NPS pollution, especially raised the pollution load of urban runoff NPS in receiving water. Urban runoff pollu- tion is a hot spot of research on NPS. This paper analyzed type, source and harm of the NPS pollutants of urban runoff and its influence on the receiving water. Through estimating NPS pollu- tion load of urban runoff and summarizing the law and character- istics of urban runoff NPS systemically, study on management and control of urban runoff NPS pollution was focused on the applica- tion of BMPs (best management practices). It is a fresh method- ology that management and control on NPS pollution from urban surface runoff was analyzed by methods of landscape ecology, environmental economics and environmental management. The paper provided a scientific reference for mitigating urban water environment pressure and an effective method for management and control of NPS pollution from urban surface runoff..

Calculation of Intercepted Volume of Sewer Overflows: a Model for Control of Nonpoint Pollution Sources in Urban Areas

The authors discovered large differences in the characteristics of overflows by the calculation of 1） intercepting volume of overflows for sewer systems using SWMM model which takes into consideration the runoff and pollutants from rainfalls and 2） the intercepted volume in the total flow at an investigation site. The intercepting rate at the investigation point of CSOs showed higher values than the SSDs. Based on the modeling of the receiving water quality after calculating the intercepting amount of overflows by considering the characteristics of outflows for a proper management of the overflow of sewer systems with rainfalls, it is clear that the BOD decreased by 82.9%-94.0% for the discharge after intercepting a specific amount of flows compared to the discharge from unprocessed overflows.

Advances in History, Current Situation and Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,advances in the history,current situation and control measures of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were summarized to provide theoretical and technical support for the thorough improvement of present situation of water pollution in the basin.

Investigation on Farmers'Willingness to Participate in Rural Non-point Source Pollution Control in Nantong and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

Based on the questionnaire survey of 337 farmers in 8 villages in Rugao City,Jiangsu Province,the gender,age and educational level of the main able-bodied people of farm households,the characteristics of farmers’production and living behaviors,farmers’cognition of rural non-point source pollution,and farmers’willingness to pay for rural non-point source pollution control and its influencing factors were studied.The results show that to protect the rural ecological environment,most farmers are willing to participate in rural non-point source pollution control,but the annual cost of rural non-point source pollution control is low,and the number of volunteer days is small.Rural grass-roots party organizations should stimulate farmers’willingness to participate in rural non-point source pollution control,give full play to the role of the branch as a fighting fortress,and build a mechanism for Party building to lead rural non-point source pollution control.

Controlling Non-Point Source Pollution in Australian Agricultural Systems

The Australian farming sector is continuing to intensify, particularly within 300 km of the east and southern coastlines. In the future there will be fewer and larger farms, which will use more fertilizer, support more stock, grow more monoculture crops, and utilise more marginal soils. This is likely to increase the major environmental impacts of soil degradation, salt, nutrient and sediment contamination of waterways, and greenhouse gas emissions. Australian national water policy continues to focus on land, stream and groundwater salinity issues, although there is now a greater recognition of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture. The general philosophy of policy for dealing with non- point source pollution has been towards a voluntary rather than regulatory approach, with state and national governments supporting a range of programs to encourage sustainable agricultural practices. A catchment (watershed) based approach, through the use of integrated catchment management plans, is the primary way that non-point source pollution is addressed at the farm and local level. At an industry level, cotton, grains, meat, sugarcane and dairy amongst others, as well as the Australian fertilizer industry, have responded to non-point source issues by investing in research and development, and developing codes of practice aimed at abating these environmental impacts. Understanding the economic, social, political and cultural contexts of farming as well as the environmental impacts of agriculture are very important in determining the appropriateness of policy responses for Australian farming systems.

New Normal Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Based on Kunming statistical yearbook and field survey data of agricultural non-point source pollution in counties or districts in the Dianchi Lake basin,previous and current situation of agricultural production and agricultural non-point source pollution control in the Dianchi Lake basin were studied,and countermeasures and suggestions of comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin were proposed.

Study on the Control Model of Rural Non-point Source Pollution——Taking Ninghe County in Tianjin as an Example

[Objective] The aim was to study the control model of rural non-point source pollution.[Method] Taking Ninghe County(a typical agricultural county in Tianjin) as an example,the current development of local economy and society and characteristics of rural non-point source pollution were studied firstly,then the control model of rural non-point source pollution suitable for Ninghe County was constructed,and its environmental and economic benefits were analyzed finally.[Result] According to the sources of non-point source pollution,the control model of rural non-point source pollution in Ninghe County was divided into three modules from the aspects of planting industry,livestock raising industry and rural living.The main content of non-point source pollution control module of planting industry was composed of rational utilization of chemicals,water-saving irrigation,diversified utilization of straw etc.Non-point source pollution control module of livestock raising industry focused on the site selection of farm or raising zones,choice of raising mode,comprehensive utilization of livestock waste etc.In the non-point source pollution control module of rural living,villages were divided into two types(small town and ecological village) based on various geographical positions.In a word,these three modules were interrelated and targeted for non-point source pollution control in villages under different development situations.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the rural non-point source pollution control in Hai River basin and other regions of Northern China.

The Roles of Countrywomen in Controlling Non-point Source Pollution

The main causes of non-point source pollution in Taihu Lake are the improper ways of crop production, animal husbandry, and daily runoff. The paper discusses the relationship between countrywomen and non-point source pollution control by 731 questionnaires in Weidu village and 466 questionnaires in Dapu Town. The roles of countrywomen have changed in families and they have close relationship with non-point source pollution. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility and methods of organizing countrywomen in non-point source pollution control.

Multisource Disaster Chain and Control in Regional Water Environment of the Dongjiang Lake in China

On the background of analysis on region water environment safety in the Dongjiang Lake of south-central China, the source of pollution of water environment and its control are studied. The concept of region environment disaster chain is put forward on the basis of combination study on the disaster chain theory and pollution problem in regional water environment. Through identification and analysis of pollution disaster resources in regional water environment of the Dongjiang Lake, the annual emission of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP) and heavy metal (Cd, As, Pb) are counted. According to evaluation on structure proportion of contaminants in the Dongjiang Lake, agricultural non-point source is the uppermost pollution source, which accounted for 87.74% in total pollution load. Ammonia nitrogen, TP and COD are mainly contaminants accounted for 94.27% in total pollution load. By analyzing danger of contaminants in the lake, basic form of disaster chain of water environment pollution is built elementarily. It shows characteristics of branches and trunk basin disaster chain and embodies multisource disaster implication chain caused by human activities. Then, disaster resources chain-cutting methods for pollution prevention and control of regional water environment of the Dongjiang Lake are analyzed.

Construction of the Control Mechanism of Rural Non-point Source Pollution in Nantong City

In view of the problems found in the in-depth interviews of the current situation of rural non-point source pollution control mechanism in Nantong City and their reasons,the following six countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,including giving full play to the role of fighting bastion of the Party branch and building a mechanism for Party building to lead the control of non-point source pollution in rural areas,giving prominence to the dominant role of farmers and establishing farmers’endogenous motivation excitation mechanism for rural non-point source pollution control,improving the interest coordination mechanism among multiple governance subjects and building a modern control system for rural non-point source pollution,combining regulations,administrative,economic,technical and other means of rural non-point source pollution control and strengthening the synergistic integration mechanism of multiple means of control,reconstructing the information disclosure mechanism of rural non-point source pollution control and building a comprehensive trust mechanism of multiple control subjects,and improving the mechanism for coordinating the supply of policy tools and ensure that basic mechanisms play their due role.

Removal of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollutants by Artificial Aquatic Food Web System: A Study Case of the Control of Cynobacterial Bloom in Jiyu River

An artificial aquatic food web (AAFW) system was designed to remove the non-point source pollutants in eutrophic Jiyu river. A certain amount of Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia pulex was cultured in the system for the control of serious cyanobacterial bloom. The AAFW system was a continuous-flow system including one storage basin of 3 m3 capacity with polluted river water (the total nitrogen-TN: 4.49 mg⋅l-1;the total phosphorus-TP: 0.192 mg⋅l-1), one phytoplankton tank of 3 m3 capacity with an initial concentrations of S. obliquus about 5.8 × 103 ind⋅l-1, and one zooplankton growth chamber of 1.5 m3 capacity with an initial abundance of D. pulex about 22.5 ind⋅l-1. The system was optimized by setting hydraulic retention time of phytoplankton tank as 5 days and the experiments were operated for 45 days. Compared with the polluted river, TN and TP were removed about 28% and 47% by the AAFW system, respectively. The biomass of phytoplankton decrease from 6.33 mg⋅l-1 to 1.48 mg⋅l-1 and the percentage of cyanobacteria decrease from 43.93% to 2.36%, the biomass of Crustacean zooplankton increase from 0.34 mg⋅l-1 to 1.53 mg⋅l-1 and the percentage of D. pulex increase from 19.19% to 57.62%. Our results indicated that the AAFW system not only is an efficient, flexible system for reducing nutrient levels in tributary rivers, but also has an ability to control the cyanobacteria bloom and rebuilding the aquatic ecosystem from the polluted river water.

基于遗传-模式搜索算法的微尺度管控区域大气污染物PM2.5溯源

针对微尺度管控区域可能发生的大气污染提出有效的靶向诊断方法-结合高斯烟羽模型和遗传-模式搜索算法的大气污染物分布式溯源方法.将污染源反算模型得到的污染物理论质量浓度与传感器网络观测值的数据对应关系作为目标函数,使用模式搜索算法嵌入遗传算法加快反算模型的搜索过程,反算得到污染源强度和位置.依托杭州市亚运板球场馆大气感知器网络进行实验验证,监测2021年10月PM2.5质量浓度、气象数据,对所提出的混合式大气污染溯源方法进行实验验证.实验结果表明:改进遗传-模式搜索算法对于多维变量的搜索效果较好,能快速精准地反算污染源的位置和强度,可以为微尺度管控区域突发性气体污染防治提供应急决策参考.

基于用电数据的潍坊市工业污染源冬奥会管控效果评估

利用潍坊市安装用电监控的工业企业在冬奥会前和会中的生产用电数据及部分企业大气污染物排放在线监测数据,分析企业生产用电量和排放量的变化特征及潜在的相关性,评估管控措施落实状况及减排效果。结果表明:管控期间,潍坊市工业企业用电量相比管控前平均下降57.96%;完全停产类企业用电量下降75%以上,大气污染物(SO_(2)、NO_(x)、烟粉尘)排放量下降100%;限产类企业用电量降幅呈现随管控措施加严而增大的趋势;延迟复产类企业延迟复产率为47.83%~96.00%,用电量下降50.76%。根据管控期间各行业企业的用电量变化状况,判定各企业基本落实了减排要求。可见,企业用电数据在一定情况下,可以替代或辅助工业企业排放数据,反映企业管控措施落实状况及减排效果。

河套灌区农业高效节水与面源污染防控技术

针对河套灌区水资源短缺、农业面源污染严重等问题,从不同空间尺度和治理环节入手开展灌区农业高效节水与面源污染源头防控技术研究。研发了针对污染源头的农田水肥盐药调控管理技术模式(包括除草剂残留研究与用量推荐、土壤水氮盐和作物生长对水肥管理的响应、减量膜上秋浇技术及次生盐渍化土壤微生物改良技术)、针对农田排水的富氧生态沟渠截污净化技术模式和区域尺度的面源污染空间解析识别技术,并集成构建了贯穿源头控污—过程削污—区域查污—系统调污的高效节水型农业面源污染防控技术体系。基于现状研究和新发展理念提出了河套灌区水土资源领域研究的几点认识,相关成果为河套灌区高质量发展提供了重要支撑,对同类型灌区具有重要借鉴意义。

贵州裸露型岩溶地下河系统污染防治技术——以遵义坪桥地下河系统污染防治工程为例

裸露型岩溶区岩溶强发育、水文地质条件复杂,受污染的地下河系统通道隐蔽性强、污染防治难度大。本文以坪桥地下河系统污染防治工程为例,在近污染源的主径流通道实施“地下水防渗帷幕+污水抽排”工程措施实现近源截排。施工面临岩溶破碎地层易掉块卡埋钻、钻效低及岩溶强发育段浆液扩散距离远等难题。通过配备适宜的钻进工艺,采取纯压式灌浆、水泥砂浆灌填溶洞、低压限量及速凝浆液灌注等灌浆控制措施,保证了工程进度质量,实现了源头治理污染地下水的目的。“近源截排”对类似水文地质条件下地下水污染防治提供可借鉴的地学治理模式。

流域面源污染研究进展与展望

面源污染已成为影响流域水环境和水安全的重要来源,是当前国内外学者关注的热点之一,同时也是最具挑战性的研究领域之一。科学高效地治理面源污染问题已经纳入国家战略计划。因此,在新形势和政策背景下如何推进面源污染研究工作,以保障流域水环境可持续发展已成为紧迫任务。本文较为全面地回顾和总结了我国面源污染研究现状,归纳了主要研究方法和典型治理措施,并基于研究中存在的主要问题,结合我国水污染治理现状给出相应建议,指出未来发展趋势。本文可为面源污染的全过程监管、评估及治理提供重要参考,有助于完善我国水污染治理体系。