Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(aryl ether sulfone ketone)s containing phthalazinone and biphenyl moieties

A novel series of poly（aryl ether sulfone ketone）s （PPESKs） containing phthalazinone and biphenyl moieties were prepared by two-step nucleophilic polycondensation reaction. The ^-Mw values of these copolymers were between 38,330 and 67,900. The glass transition temperatures （Tg） and 5% decomposition temperatures were ranged in 253-269 ℃ and 488-500 ℃, respectively, The structures of these copolymers were confirmed by FT-IR and ^1H NMR. Moreover, all the resultant copolymers were amorphous determined by wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）.

Synthesis and Thermal Crosslinking Behavior of Poly(aryl ether ketone)s Containing 1,4-Naphthalene Moieties

A new monomer, 1,4-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl) naphthalene(compound 2) was synthesized via a two-step reaction. 1,4-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid chloride(compound 1) was prepared by using the acyl chlorization reaction of 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid with thionyl chloride. The Friedel-Crafts acylation of compound 1 with fluorobenzene afforded compound 2 in a 80% yield. The polycondensation of compound 2 with various bisphenols in tetramethylene sulfone(TMS) in the presence of excess potassium carbonate as a condensation reagent was carried out at 210 ℃ to quantitatively afford the corresponding poly(aryl ether ketone)s(compounds 3_8) containing 1,4-naphthalene moieties. Thermal analyses showed that the polymers have T g values ranging from 496 to 500 K and are thermally stable in air with initial mass loss above 500 ℃. These novel polymers exhibited an excellent solubility in organic solvents including NMP, DMAc, and chloroform, etc. In addition, the glass transition temperatures of these polymers increased and the polymers became insoluble in chloroform after treated at 260 ℃, indicating the occurrence of a thermal crosslinking reaction.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(ARYL ETHER KETONE)CONTAINING BIPHENYLPHTHALAZINONE MOIETY

A new poly(aryl ether ketone) containing biphenylphthalazinone moiety was prepared by the reaction of 4-(4-hydroxybiphenyl) phthalazine-1-one with 4, 4'-difluorobenzophenone. The monomer and the polymer were characterized by FT-IR and H-1-NMR. Some properties of this polymer were described.

Synthesis and Characterization of Reactive Poly(Aryl Ether Ketone Ketone) Containing Cyclohexene Ring

A novel heterocyclic poly (aryl ether ketone ketone) (PPEKK) containing cyclohexenering was prepared from 1-methyl-cyclohex-1-ene-4, 5 -diyl-bis(4-chlorophenyl methanone) and 4 (4-hydroxyphenyl)(2H) phthalazin-1-one. The polymer was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, DSC,TG and X-ray analysis.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(ARYL ETHER KETONE)FROM 4-(3-PHENYL-4-HYDROXYPHENYL)PHTHALAZINONE

A novel soluble poly(aryl ether ketone) was prepared by the reaction of 4-(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazinone with 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone. The polymer was characterized by DSC, TGA and X-ray diffraction.

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHROUS-CONTAINING POLY(ARYLETHER KETONE)WITH BISPHENOL-A MOIETY

A phosphrous-containing poly（aryl ether ketone） was synthesized derived from bisphenol-A and bis[4-（4- fluorobenzoyl）phenyl] phenyl phosphine oxide （FPPPO） by nucleophilic substitution reaction. The structure of the polymer was characterized by FT-IR, ^1H-NMR and ^31p-NMR. The thermal property of the PAEK was measured by DSC and TGA. The glass transition temperature （Tg） of the polymer was 205℃, and the 5% weight loss temperature under nitrogen was 475℃. Good solubility of the polymer in organic solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide and chloroalkanes was observed, flexible film was obtained from the polymer＇s CH2Cl2 solution. The limiting oxygen index （LOI） of the PAEK was 40, which indicated that organic phosphorus moiety can offer good flame retardant property to the polymer.

Synthesis and Properties of Poly(aryl ether ketone) Copolymers Containing 2,7-Naphthalene Moieties

Poly（ aryl ether ketone） copolymers containing 2,7-naphthylene and hydroquinone（HQ） moieties with various compositions were prepared by the reaction of 4,4＇-difluorobenzophenone（DFB） 2,7-naphthylene and hydroquinone in the presence of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate （ 19： 1, mass ratio） in diphenyl sulfone （DPS）. The thermal analysis results of the copolymers show that the glass transition temperatures（Tgs） increase, while the melting temperatures（Tra） and tile 5.0% weight loss temperatures （ Td ） decrease with the increase of the 2,7-naphthalene moieties. For the copolymers synthesized at a molar fraction of 2,7-naphthalene in the difluoro monomers being over 0.30, no peaks corresponding to the cold crystallization temperature and the melting temperature could be detected, indicating that these copolymers are almost amorphous. The crystal structures of the copolymers with a molar fraction of 2,7-naphthalene being less than 0. 30 are rhombic.

Synthesis and properties of soluble poly（aryl ether sulfone ether ketone）s copolymers containing pendant methyl groups

A series of Poly（arly ether sulfone ether ketone）s containing pendant methyl groups were synthesized by the reaction of 4,4＇-[sulfonylbis （1,4-phenylene）dioxy] dibenzoyl chloride （SODBC） with 4,4＇- diphenoxy diphenylsulfone （DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di（2-methylphenoxy） diphenylsulfone （o-Me-DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di（3-methylphenoxy） diphenylsulfone （m-Me-DPODPS）, 4,4＇- di （2,6-bimethylphenoxy） biphenylsulfone（o-Me2-DPODPS） respectively, in a mixture of 1,2-dichloroethane （DCE） and N-methylpyrrolidone （NMP）. These reactions were catalyzed by anhydrous aluminum chloride （AlCl）. The characteristic of copolymers were studied by means of advanced analytical techniques such as FT-IR,1H-NMR, DSC, TGA and WAXD. The results show glass transition temperature （Tg） in the range of 193-206℃, thermally stable in excess of 434℃ and excellent solubility in polar solvents. Methyl-substituted Poly（aryl ether sulfone ketone）s had higher glass transition temperatures, lower initial decomposition temperatures than the unsubstituted ones.

Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble Reactive Copoly (aryl ether ketone ketone)

Soluble reacitve copoly (aryl ether ketone ketone) was synthesized from the condensation of 2.2 ' .3.3 ' .6.6 ' -hexaphenyl-4.4 ' -diphenol. 2.2-p-hydroxyphenl 1-tso-propane. and 1-methyl-cyclohex-1-ene-4.5-diyl-bis) (4-fluorophenyl methanone). FT-IR. DSC and TGA were used to characterize the novel polymer.

Dynamic Rheological Characterization of A Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Poly (aryl ether ketone)

The rheometries ARES rheometer was applied to determining the rheological behavior of a thermotropic liquid crystalline poly (aryl ether ketone). The viscosity of the material decreases with increasing temperature. reaching a minimum in the nematic state, then slightly increases with further raising the temperature in the biphase.

Synthesis of Poly(aryl ether ketone) Copolymers Containing Adamantyl-substituted Naphthalene Rings

High performance polymers have received considerable attention over the past decade owing to their increased demands as replacements for metals or ceramics in automotive, aerospace, and microelectronic industries. Poly（aryl ether ketone）s（PAEKs） are a class of important high-performance aromatic polymers with excellent mechanical properties, good solvent resistance, size-accuracy, electrical characteristics, and superior thermal stability. However,

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Aryl Ether Ketone) Containing Phthalazinone and Naphthalene Moieties

A novel poly (aryl ether ketone) (PPEK) containing phthalazinone and naphthalene moieties was prepared by the nucleophilic displacement reaction of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl) (2H) phthalazin-1-one with 1-chloro-4-(4-chlorobenzoyl) naphthalene. The polymer was characterized by FTIR, H-1-NMR, DSC, TGA and WAXD.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHTHALAZINONE POLY(ARYL ETHER SULFONE KETONE)WITH CARBONYL GROUP

A kind of novel heat-resistant, high performance engineering thermoplastic phthalazinone poly(aryl ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) containing a carboxyl group in its side chain was prepared by the nucleophilic displacement reaction of 4-(4-hydroxylphenyl)- 1 (2H)-phthalazinone with di(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone, 4,4'-difluoro-benzophenone and phenolphthalin in sulfolane in the presence of K2CO3 to produce high molecular weight polymers which can be dissolved in some polar solvents such as chloroform and nitrobenzene at room temperature and can be easily cast into flexible, yellowish and transparent films. PPESK is an amorphous polymer having a decomposition temperature above 400degreesC, which indicates that it has high thermal stability. At the same time, the thermal properties of PPESKs with dicyandiamide (DICY) as curing agent indicated that the heat-resistance properties of the PPESKs are improved after curing. The apparent activation energy (A-E) of the cross-linking reaction and the reaction order (n) of PPESK/DICY were found to be 52.2 kJ/mol and ca. 1.0, respectively. Therefore, the cross-linking reaction is approximately a first order reaction.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Copoly(aryl ether ketone) Containing 4, 4'-Biphenyl-bis[4-phthalazin-1(2H)-one] Moiety

A new monomer of 4, 4-biphenyl-bis[4-phthalazin-1(2H)-one] was synthesized from biphenyl and phthalic anhydride, and a novel copoly(aryl ether ketone) (PPEK) was synthesized from 2, 2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane (BPA), 4, 4'-biphenyl-bis-[4-phthalazin-1(2H)-one], 4, 4- difluorodiphenylketone (DFK). The monomer and copolymer were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. DSC and TGA were used to the novel polymer.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Aryl Ether Ketone) from Bis-1,4-(4-Chlorobenzoyl) Benzene

A new poly (aryl ether ketone) was successfully synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of bis-1,4-(4-chlorobenzoyl) benzene (BCBB) by 1,2-dihydro-4-(4-hydroxy phenyl) (2H)phthatazin-1-one (DHPZ) in appropriate condition. The polymer was characterized by FT-IR, H-1-NMR, DSC and TGA etc.

Synthesis of a New Aryl Ether Ketone Polymer

The synthesis of a new aryl ether ketone polymer with an advantageous ratio of glass transition temperature to melting temperature is reported.

Synthesis and characterization of quaternized poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)for anion-exchange membrane

Chloromethylated poly（phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone） （CMPPESK） was prepared from poly（phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone） （PPESK） using chloromethyl octyl ethers （CMOE） with lower toxicity as chloromethylated regent. CMPPESK was soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone （NMP）, N,N-dimethylacetamide （DMAc） and chloroform. Quaternized poly（phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone） （QAPPESK） was prepared from CMPPESK by quaternization. QAPPESK had excellent solvent resistance, which was only partly soluble in sulfuric acid （98%） and swollen in N,N-dimethylformamide （DMF）. The vanadium redox flow battery （V-RFB） using QAPPESK anion-exchange membrane had better performance with 88.3% of overall energy efficiency.

UV-induced Self-initiated Graft Polymerization of Acrylamide onto Poly(ether ether ketone)

Photo-grafting of hydrophilic monomer was used to enhance the hydrophilicity of poly（ether ether ketone） （PEEK） with the aim of extending its applications to biological fields. PEEK sheets were surface modified by grafting of acrylamide（AAm） with ultraviolet（UV） irradiation in the presence or absence of benzophenone（BP）. The effects of BP, irradiation time and monomer concentration on the surface wettability of PEEK were investigated. Characteriza tion of modified PEEK using scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy-disperse spectrometer（EDS） and water contact angle measurements shows that AAm was successfully grafted on PEEK surface both in presence and absence of BP. With the increase in irradiation time and monomer concentration, contact angles decrease to as low as 30°, demonstrating a significant improvement of surface hydrophilicity. In agreement with the decrease in contact angle, under identical conditions, the nitrogen concentration increases, suggesting the increase in grafting degree of the grafting polymerization. This investigation demonstrates a self-initiation of PEEK due to its BP-like structure in the backbone of the polymer. Though the graft polymerization proceeds more readily in the presence of BP, the self-initiated graft polymerization is clearly observed.

Proton-Exchange Sulfonated Poly （ether ether ketone） （SPEEK）/SiOx-S Composite Membranes in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

A sulfonated poly（ether ether ketone） （SPEEK） membrane with a fairly high degree of sulfonation （DS） can swell excessively and even dissolve at high temperature. To solve these problems, insolvable functionalized silica powder with sulfonic acid groups （SiOx-S） was added into the SPEEK matrix （DS = 55.1%） to prepare SPEEK/ SiOx-S composite membranes. The decrease in both the swelling degree and the methanol permeability of the membranes was a dose-dependent result of addition of the SiOx-S powder. Pure SPEEK membrane swelled 52.6% at 80℃, whereas the SPEEK/SiOx-S （15%, by mass） membrane swelled only 27.3% at the same temperature. From room temperature to 80℃, all SPEEK/SPEEK/SiOx-S composite membranes had methanol permeability of about one order of magnitude lower than that ofNafion115. Compared with pure SPEEK membranes, the addition of the SiOx-S powder not only leads to higher proton conductivity, but also increases the dimensional stability at higher temperatures, and greater proton conductivity can be achieved at higher temperature. The SPEEK/SiO4-S （20%, by mass） membrane could withstand temperature up to 145℃, at which in 100% relative humidity （RH） its proton conductivity exceeded slightly that of Nafion 1 15 membrane and reached 0.17 S·cm^-1, while pure SPEEK membrane dissolved at 90℃. The SPEEK/SiOx-S composite membranes are promising for use in direct methanol fuel cells because of their good dimensional stability, high proton conductivity, and low methanol permeability.