Synergistic coupling among Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5),polycarbonate and N,Ndimethylformamide enhances the electrochemical performance of PVDF-HFP-based solid electrolyte

Polymer solid electrolytes(SPEs)based on the[solvate-Li+]complex structure have promising prospects in lithium metal batteries(LMBs)due to their unique ion transport mechanism.However,the solvation structure may compromise the mechanical performance and safety,hindering practical application of SPEs.In this work,a composite solid electrolyte(CSE)is designed through the organic-inorganic syner-gistic interaction among N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF),polycarbonate(PC),and Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP).Flame-retardant Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) nanowires provide non-flammability to the prepared CSEs,and the addition of PC improves the dispersion of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) nanowires.Simultaneously,the organic-inorganic synergistic action of PC plasticizer and Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) nanowires pro-motes the dissociation degree of LiTFSI and reduces the crystallinity of PVDF-HFP,enabling rapid Li ion transport.Additionally,Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations confirm the coordination between Mg atoms in Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5) and N atoms in DMF,which exhibits Lewis base-like behavior attacking adjacent C-F and C-H bonds in PVDF-HFP while inducing dehydrofluorination of PVDF-HFP.Based on the syner-gistic coupling of Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5),PC,and DMF in the PVDF-HFP matrix,the prepared CSE exhibits superior ion conductivity(9.78×10^(-4) s cm^(-1)).The assembled Li symmetric cells cycle stably for 3900 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm^(-2) without short circuit.The LFP||Li cells assembled with PDL-Mg_(2)B_(2)O_(5)/PC CSEs show excellent rate capability and cycling performance,with a capacity retention of 83.3%after 1000 cycles at 0.5 C.This work provides a novel approach for the practical application of organic-inorganic Synergistic CSEs in LMBs.

Preparation and properties of short natural fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

The natural fiber/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared with ramie and jute short fiber as reinforcement and PLA as matrix. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the properties of the composites are better than those of plain PLA. When the content of the fiber is 30%, the composites can get the best mechanical properties. The dynamic mechanical analysis results show that the storage moduli of the PLA/ramie and PLA/jute composites increase with respect to the plain PLA. The Vicat softening temperature of the composites is greatly higher than that of PLA. The results of thermogravimetric analysis show that adding fiber to the PLA matrix can improve the degradation temperature of PLA.

Creep Behaviour of Wood Flour/Poly(vinyl chloride) Composites

The experimental creep data were focused on wood-flour （WF）/poly vinyl chloride （PVC） composites with the variations in additive concentrations of wood flour, silane coupling agent, organomodified montmorillonite （OMMT） and nano-cacium carbonate （nano-CaCO3）. Their effects were analyzed using the Four-element Burger Model incorporating microscopic mechanisms. Total creep strain was low with increasing WF while elastic strain was high and plastic flow strain was low in modeling. Modification of WF with silane was beneficial to creep resistance, so did adding low ratio of OMMT （1.5 wt%） and nano-CaCO3 in composites. Thus, it was effective in reducing creep either by stiffening the PVC matrix using rigid nano-particles or by improving their adhesion with resin. However, superfluous quantity of any additament did not benefit the improvement owing to either earlier destruction of their agglomerates or stress-concentrated cracks in the over-incrassated interface.

Crystallization Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

Poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF）/multi-walled carbon nanotube（MWCNT） nanocomposites were prepared by means of ultrasonic dispersion method. X-ray diffraction（XRD） results indicate that incorporating MWCNTs into PVDF caused the formation of β phase. A thermal annealing at 130 ℃ confirmed that the β phase was stable in the nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） results indicate that the melting temperature slightly increased while the heat of fusion markedly decreased with increasing MWCNT content. The tensile strength and modulus of PVDF were improved by loading the MWCNTs. The scanning electron microscopy（SEM） observations showed that MWCNTs were uniformly dispersed in the PVDF matrix and an interfacial adhesion between MWCNT and PVDF was achieved, which was responsible for the enhancement in the tensile strength and modulus of PVDE.

Poly(lactic acid)-starch/Expandable Graphite (PLA-starch/EG) Flame Retardant Composites

This work reports on the effect of commercial expandable graphite(EG)on the flammability and thermal decomposition properties of PLA-starch blend.The PLA-starch/EG composites were prepared by melt-mixing and their thermal stability,volatile pyrolysis products and flammability characteristics were investigated.The char residues of the composites,after combustion in a cone calorimeter,were analyzed with environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM).The thermal decomposition stability of the composites improved in the presence of EG.However,the char content was less than expected as per the combination of the wt%EG added into PLA-starch and the%residue of PLA-starch.The flammability performance of the PLA-starch/EG composites improved,especially at 15 wt%EG content,due to a thick and strong worm-like char structure.The peak heat release rate(PHRR)improved by 74%,the total smoke production(TSP)by 40%and the specific extinction area(SEA)by 55%.The improvements are attributed to the ability of EG to exfoliate at increased temperatures during which time three effects occurred:(i)cooling due to an endothermic exfoliation process,(ii)dilution due to release of H2O,SO2 and CO2 gases,and (iii)formation of a protective intumescent char layer.However,the CO and CO2 yields were found to be unfavorably high due to the presence of EG.

The Green Composites: Millet Husk Fiber (MHF) Filled Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and Degradability Effects on Environment

This study provides an overview on green composites degradability. Practically, the main drawbacks of using natural fibers are their poor dimensional stability, degradability and high degree of moisture absorption. While, end use of product from natural fiber filled or reinforced composites has become subject of concern to material engineers and scientist. The major properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are greatly dependent on the hydrophilic tendency and dimensional stability of the fibers used, morphology aspect ratio for long fiber, while voids for powder fibers. The effects of chemical treatments on cellulosic fibers that are used as reinforcements for thermoplastics were studied. The chemical source for the treatments is alkalization. The significance of chemically-treated natural fibers is seen through the improvement of mechanical properties. The untreated fiber composites degrade faster in municipal soil compared to treated fiber composites.

Electrical Percolation of Carbon Black Filled Poly (ethylene oxide)Composites in Relation to the Matrix Morphology

The present work studies the electrical conduction performance of carbon black (CB)filled poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) composites. The addition of CB leads to reduced matrixcrystallinity as the fillers which are partly situated inside the lamellae and hinder the growth of PEOcrystallites. As a result, the electrical percolation behavior is related with the matrix morphology.

STUDIES ON THE POLYPYRROLE/POLYELECTROLYTE MOLECULAR COMPOSITES

The potyelectrolyte of propane sulfonate(PS) grafted PPTA copolymers——PPTA-PS, PPTA[O]-PS, PPTA[C]-PS were prepared and used as electrolyte in the process of electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole to form the molecular composite polypyrrole (PPY)/Polyelectrolyte.The preparation and liquid crystalline property of three kinds of polyelectrolyte, the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, SEM and thermoproperties of PPY/polyelectrolyte are presented in detail.

Laminar Composite Solid Electrolyte with Poly(Ethylene Oxide)-Threaded Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for High-Performance All-Solid-State Lithium Battery

Developing laminar composite solid electrolyte with ultrathin thickness and continuous conduction channels in vertical direction holds great promise for all-solid-state lithium batteries.Herein,a thin,laminar solid electrolyte is synthesized by filtrating–NH 2 functionalized metal-organic framework nanosheets and then being threaded with poly(ethylene oxide)chains induced by the hydrogen-bonding interaction from–NH_(2) groups.It is demonstrated that the threaded poly(ethylene oxide)chains lock the adjacent metal-organic framework nanosheets,giving highly enhanced structural stability(Young’s modulus,1.3 GPa)to 7.5-μm-thick laminar composite solid electrolyte.Importantly,these poly(ethylene oxide)chains with stretching structure serve as continuous conduction pathways along the chains in pores.It makes the non-conduction laminar metal-organic framework electrolyte highly conductive:3.97×10^(−5) S cm^(−1) at 25℃,which is even over 25 times higher than that of pure poly(ethylene oxide)electrolyte.The assembled lithium cell,thus,acquires superior cycling stability,initial discharge capacity(148 mAh g^(−1) at 0.5 C and 60℃),and retention(94% after 150 cycles).Besides,the pore size of nanosheet is tailored(24.5–40.9˚A)to evaluate the mechanisms of chain conformation and ion transport in confined space.It shows that the confined pore only with proper size could facilitate the stretching of poly(ethylene oxide)chains,and meanwhile inhibit their disorder degree.Specifically,the pore size of 33.8˚A shows optimized confinement effect with trans-poly(ethylene oxide)and cis-poly(ethylene oxide)conformation,which offers great significance in ion conduction.Our design of poly(ethylene oxide)-threaded architecture provides a platform and paves a way to the rational design of next-generation high-performance porous electrolytes.

可自愈的聚丙烯酸盐复合材料的制备研究

本研究制备了纳米氯化镁、纳米氯化钙以及纳米颗粒/聚丙烯酸盐复合材料。实验结果表明,制备的纳米颗粒/聚丙烯酸盐复合材料在经历机械损伤或化学损伤后具有良好的自愈修复性能,机械性能和化学性能均可恢复到损伤前的水平。

淀粉的改性及其对淀粉/PBAT/碳酸钙复合材料结构和性能的影响

采用甘油、六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)和聚乙二醇(PEG)改性木薯淀粉并制备改性淀粉/聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)/碳酸钙复合材料,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热失重分析仪(TG)等对改性淀粉和复合材料进行分析,研究改性淀粉对复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明,甘油的外增塑作用和PEG、SHMP的内增塑作用使淀粉化学结构改变、无定形成分增加,淀粉颗粒由饱满的圆球状变成了不规则的大颗粒,250℃前稳定性提高,250℃后稳定性降低,有利于使用加工和热分解,不同改性剂改性淀粉结晶熔融行为存在差异;复合不会改变PBAT、碳酸钙和淀粉的原有晶型,但相容性的差异导致复合材料热性能和力学性能的差异,改性淀粉增加了复合材料的韧性,甘油、SHMP和PEG的协同改性使淀粉与PBAT、碳酸钙的相容性最佳,复合材料的综合性能最好。

木质素在合成可降解高分子材料中的应用研究进展

简述了木质素的结构、特性和分类情况,并综述了近年来国内外使用木质素来增强和改善聚对苯二甲酸-己二酸丁二酯、聚乳酸、聚己内酯和聚丁二酸丁二酯等合成可降解高分子材料性能的研究进展。指出木质素与合成可降解高分子材料复合可以赋予复合材料多种功能特性,如紫外屏蔽、抗菌、阻隔等,并能改善材料的生物降解性能,同时实现降本增效的目标。最后提出当前木质素与合成可降解高分子材料复合材料工业化生产应用存在的问题,并对木质素基全生物降解复合材料的未来研究趋势进行展望。

聚磷腈复合材料的烧蚀数值仿真

聚磷腈(PDPP)弹性体具有优异的阻燃性、抗小分子迁移能力和低发烟量特性,在固体火箭发动机内绝热层中具有潜在应用价值。为预测PDPP复合材料的耐烧蚀性能,首先利用热重曲线计算PDPP复合材料的热解反应动力学参数,然后基于阿伦尼乌斯方程、傅里叶热传导方程和达西定律建立复合材料的烧蚀模型,最后使用COMSOL软件对复合材料的烧蚀过程进行数值仿真,预测复合材料在给定工况下的温度分布、热解程度分布、孔隙压力分布、热解气体质量通量分布和烧蚀表面退移。结果表明,计算所得线烧蚀率为0.067 mm/s,与氧-乙炔试验结果对比误差为11.7%。PDPP复合材料烧蚀过程中的温度分布会影响基体的热分解反应,使热解层的位置逐渐向底面移动,相应地最大孔隙压力和热解气体质量通量区域逐渐向材料内部移动且两者数值逐渐减小。

PBO纤维表面改性处理的研究进展

聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维因其比强度高、比模量高、耐热性好、阻燃性好以及优异的介电性能,现已在安全防护、建筑汽车等领域得到广泛应用。由于PBO纤维表面光滑、化学惰性,导致其与基体树脂界面结合差,进一步影响复合材料的整体性能,这大大限制了PBO纤维优异综合性能的发挥,所以对PBO纤维表面进行改性处理显得尤为重要。介绍了近年来国内外针对PBO纤维不同表面改性方法及对应复合材料性能改善程度的研究进展,从PBO纤维改性方法的分类入手,阐述了各种方法的基本原理。通过对这些处理方法的比较,阐述了国内PBO纤维表面改性的研究进展,指出了国内外在PBO纤维表面改性处理上的差距,为未来的发展方向提供了参考。PBO纤维表面改性方法包括化学刻蚀法、等离子体处理、表面涂层法、化学接枝法、紫外刻蚀法、上浆剂处理等。各种改性技术各有利弊,在选择改性方法时,理应考虑达到工艺快捷有效、经济环保和无损纤维性能等指标。未来,在PBO纤维表面改性的处理方法领域,将逐步向绿色环保的上浆剂处理方向发展。

埃洛石-二氧化锆改性聚磷腈橡胶基复合材料高温烧蚀行为和原位陶瓷化反应

聚磷腈橡胶(PDPP)具有优异的阻燃性、热稳定性和高残炭率,是一种潜在的制备耐烧蚀绝热层的橡胶基体。为提高PDPP复合材料的耐烧蚀性,以埃洛石(HAL)和二氧化锆(ZrO_(2))为陶瓷化填料制备了HAL-ZrO_(2)-PDPP基复合材料,研究了这种混合陶瓷化体系对复合材料力学性能、热稳定性和烧蚀性能的影响。结果表明,HAL和ZrO_(2)陶瓷化填料对PDPP复合材料的拉伸力学性能和热稳定性无明显影响;含5 phr HAL和15 phr ZrO_(2)的PDPP复合材料拉伸强度为4.57 MPa,断裂伸长率为104.4%,经氧乙炔烧蚀后的线烧蚀率为0.060 mm/s,相较于单独使用HAL和ZrO_(2)分别提高了43.4%和33.2%。XPD和XPS结果表明,PDPP橡胶基体热解后的残炭分别与SiO_(2)和ZrO_(2)发生了生成SiC和ZrC的原位陶瓷化反应。在烧蚀过程中,低熔点陶瓷化填料熔融将基体热解形成的炭层与高熔点陶瓷粘结,使之成为含陶瓷-玻璃-热解炭复相结构的致密且具有一定强度的类陶瓷层,对提高复合材料的耐烧蚀性有积极作用。

酰肼类成核剂己二酸二苯基二酰肼对PBS复合材料性能的影响

聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS)是近些年兴起的一类绿色环保高分子材料,具有良好的生物可降解性和生物相容性,是最具发展潜力的环境友好材料之一。然而PBS冲击强度较低,结晶性能较差,限制了其进一步的发展和应用。针对以上不足,采用酰肼类成核剂己二酸二苯基二酰肼(TMC-306)对PBS树脂进行改性,研究了酰肼类成核剂的添加量对PBS复合材料力学性能、结晶性能、加工性能以及微观形貌的影响。结果表明,TMC-306的引入明显改善了PBS/TMC-306复合材料的力学性能和结晶性能,当TMC-306添加量为15份时,PBS复合材料的冲击强度从41 J/m提高至102 J/m,提升了149%,结晶度从48.40%提高至62.01%,提升了28.12%。X射线衍射测试结果表明,成核剂TMC-306使复合材料晶面的衍射峰面积略微增大,与纯PBS晶型基本一致。流变测试结果发现,随着成核剂添加量的增加,PBS复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度均逐步增大,熔体强度得到了提高,这说明成核剂同时也改善了复合材料的加工性能。扫描电子显微镜测试结果表明,随着TMC-306的增加,PBS复合材料的断面由平整光滑变为“阶梯”式结构,且在添加量为15份时最为明显,这与力学测试结果相一致。

含苯磺酸侧基杂萘联苯聚醚砜纳滤膜的制备与性能

将含苯磺酸侧基杂萘联苯聚醚砜(SPPES-P-H)浸泡于氯化钠溶液中得到含苯磺酸钠侧基杂萘联苯聚醚砜(SPPES-P-Na),采用涂覆法制备含苯磺酸侧基杂萘联苯聚醚砜复合纳滤膜,考察聚合物浓度、热处理条件对复合纳滤膜性能的影响.结果表明,SPPES-P-Na复合纳滤膜的通量高于SPPES-P-H复合纳滤膜的通量;当SPPES-P-Na的质量分数为1.5%,热处理温度为100℃,热处理时间为30 min时,复合膜的水通量达到58.0 L/(m^(2)·h),Na_(2)SO_(4)的脱盐率为89.0%;当操作温度为95℃时,复合膜的水通量为205.0 L/(m^(2)·h),对Na_(2)SO_(4)的脱盐率为82.0%,表现出良好的耐热性;将复合膜在质量浓度0.2 g/L的次氯酸钠溶液中浸泡10 d,性能无明显变化,表现出优异的耐氯性.

高强度木单板/异氰酸酯复合材料制备及性能优化

通过脱除木质素的方法对木材进行前处理是制备高强度木基复合材料的一种重要手段,然而,脱除木质素过程中会产生大量废液,且不利于工业化应用。在当前“双碳”目标以及绿色发展的背景下,探究一种低碳环保、简单高效的高强度木基复合材料的制备方法对提升木材附加值显得尤为重要。基于此,以桦木单板和聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(pMDI)为原材料,采用正交试验研究热压温度、热压时间以及pMDI添加量对高强度木单板/异氰酸酯复合材料(pMDI-WC)的力学性能、耐水性和表面颜色的影响。结果表明,热压温度、热压时间和pMDI添加量对pMDI-WC的力学性能、耐水性和表面颜色均具有显著的影响。厚度为6 mm的pMDI-WC最佳热压温度、热压时间和pMDI添加量分别为170℃、20 min和10%,在最优工艺条件下制备出具有优异力学性能的pMDI-WC,其弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别是473.59和408.56 MPa。在热压温度180℃、热压时间20 min、pMDI添加量20%的条件下,pMDI-WC的耐水性最优。pMDI-WC不仅具有轻质高强特性,而且制备工艺简单、绿色环保,这对提高木材的高附加值利用和复合材料的绿色发展具有重要意义。

聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)/MXene复合材料的制备及电容性能研究

MXene材料具有组分灵活可调、电容量较高等优势在超级电容器储能领域备受关注。采用电化学法制得聚3, 4-乙烯二氧噻吩/Nb_(2)CT_(x) MXene (PEDOT/MXene)复合电极材料。结果表明,在扫描速率为30 mV·s^(-1)时,PEDOT/MXene的面积比电容可达250.21 mF·cm^(-2),当电流密度从0.1 mA·cm^(-2)增加到5 mA·cm^(-2)时,PEDOT/MXene的面积比电容保持率为83.5%,远优于PEDOT的64.1%,并且在100 mV·s^(-1)的扫描速率下循环测试1 000次后初始电容保持率可达84%,表现出良好的倍率性能和稳定性。工作为基于MXene基材料构筑高性能电化学储能界面提供了一定的借鉴。