Multiblock poly(ether-b-amide)copolymers comprised of PA1212 and PPO-PEO-PPO with specific moisture-responsive and antistatic properties

Functional multiblock poly(ether-b-amide)(PEBA)copolymers,comprised of PA1212(polyamide 1212)as hard segments and Jeffamine ED-2003 as soft segments,were successfully prepared via two-step melt polycondensation without any amidation catalyst.Here,using diamino-terminated poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)(PPO-PEO-PPO),Jeffamine ED-2003,enhances the compatibility between polyamide oligomer and polyether,which is better than the traditional route using hydroxyl-terminated polyether.The chemical structure of multiblock PEBAs,as well as the microphase separated structure with crystalline phase of polyamide and polyether,were confirmed by heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectrum,heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation spectrum,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis.The hydrophilic PEBA copolymers showed water adsorption ranging from 87.3%to 17.1%depending on the polyether content,and specially showed moisture responsive behavior within seconds when exposed to moisture.The corresponding mechanism was studied using time-resolved attenuated total reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy in the molecular level and the water diffusion coefficient was estimated to be 1.07×10^(–8)cm^(2)∙s^(-1).Two-dimensional correlation FT-IR spectra analysis was performed to confirm that the interaction between water and polyether phase was in preference to that between water and polyamide matrix,and water molecule only forms hydrogen bond with the polyether segment.Due to the incorporation of PEO segments,the PEBAs have the surface resistivity varying from 5.6×10^(9)to 6.5×10^(10)Ω,which makes PEBA potential candidate as permanent antistatic agent.

包封骨形态发生蛋白2的不同相对分子质量聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸共聚物微囊促进成骨效果的研究

目的 探索不同相对分子质量聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA)微囊包封骨形态发生蛋白2 (BMP-2)对成骨细胞骨形成能力的影响。方法 用双通道微量注射泵制备包封BMP-2的2种相对分子质量(12 000和30 000)的PLGA微囊。用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察微囊形态结构;磷酸盐缓冲溶液浸泡法表征微囊缓释性能;细胞Calcein-AM/PI染色及CCK-8法检测微囊细胞相容性;Transwell迁移实验检测包封BMP-2的微囊作用48 h对MC3T3-E1细胞的趋化作用;碱性磷酸酶活力测定、茜素红染色法检测微囊作用MC3T3-E1细胞后对细胞骨形成能力的影响。结果 2种相对分子质量的微囊均表面光滑,具有良好的细胞相容性。相对分子质量12 000的微囊的趋化作用最佳。相对分子质量30 000的微囊较相对分子质量12 000的微囊缓释时间长,且初始爆发量减少了约25%。成骨诱导14、21 d后,相对分子质量30 000的微囊形成的钙沉积结节较相对分子质量12 000的微囊多。结论 本研究通过调控PLGA的相对分子质量控制BMP-2的释放,发现相对分子质量30 000的微囊能够更好地诱导MC3T3-E1细胞的长期骨形成能力。

Mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)s with dual active sites for highly efficient CO_(2)conversion

Atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations are soaring due to the continued use of fossil fuels in energy production,an anthropogenic activity that is playing a leading role in global warming.Thus,research aimed at the capture and conversion of CO_(2)into value-added products,such as cyclic carbonates,is booming.While CO_(2)is an abundant,cheap,non-toxic,and readily accessible Cl feedstock,its thermodynamic stability necessitates the development of highly efficient catalysts that are able to promote chemical reactions under mild conditions.In this work,a novel mesoporous poly(ionic liquid)with dual active sites was synthesized through a facile method that involves co-polymerization,post-synthetic metalation,and supercritical CO_(2)drying.Due to a high density of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites,the as-prepared poly(ionic liquid),denoted as P2D-4BrBQA-Zn,offers excellent performance in a CO_(2)cycloaddition reaction using epichlorohydrin as the substrate(98.9%conversion and 96.9%selectivity).Moreover the reaction is carried out under mild,solvent-free,and additive-free conditions.Notably,P2D-4BrBQA-Zn also efficiently promotes the conversion of various other epoxide substrates into cyclic carbonates.Overall,the catalyst is found to have excellent substrate compatibility,stability,and recyclability.

基于CO_(2)促进传输的抗凝血非对称PMP膜的构建及其性能研究

新冠疫情期间,为重症患者的心肺功能提供短暂支持的ECMO仪器对人类尤为重要,但其核心组件氧合膜材料被3M公司全球垄断.PMP(聚-4-甲基-1-戊烯)由于具有较为优异的气体渗透能力和生物相容性,在氧合器膜材料中有着巨大的潜力.本文通过TIPs法制备PMP中空纤维膜,并以此作为基材通过静电作用力驱动的层层自组装在表面引入PEI和肝素组成的正负电荷改性层,制备了具有非对称结构的PMP复合膜并研究了改性条件对复合膜表面结构组成和气体传输、血液相容性等性能的影响.结果表明,通过层层自组装引入的PEI-肝素改性层极大地提高了PMP中空纤维复合膜的气体传输性能和血液相容性,使其在气体分离、膜式氧合等领域具有了重要的应用潜力.

Novel sandwich structured glass fiber Cloth/Poly(ethylene oxide)-MXene composite electrolyte

Recently,poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes have been attracting great attention,and efforts are currently underway to develop PEO-based composite electrolytes for next generation high performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.In this article,a novel sandwich structured solid-state PEO composite electrolyte is developed for high performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.The PEO-based composite electrolyte is fabricated by hot-pressing PEO,LiTFSI and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene nanosheets into glass fiber cloth(GFC).The as-prepared GFC@PEO-MXene electrolyte shows high mechanical properties,good electrochemical stability,and high lithium-ion migration number,which indicates an obvious synergistic effect from the microscale GFC and the nanoscale MXene.Such as,the GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene electrolyte shows a high tensile strength of 43.43 MPa and an impressive Young's modulus of 496 MPa,which are increased by 1205%and 6048%over those of PEO.Meanwhile,the ionic conductivity of GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene at 60℃ reaches 5.01×10^(-2) S m^(-1),which is increased by around 200%compared with that of GFC@PEO electrolyte.In addition,the Li/Li symmetric battery based on GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene electrolyte shows an excellent cycling stability over 800 h(0.3 mA cm^(-2),0.3 mAh cm^(-2)),which is obviously longer than that based on PEO and GFC@PEO electrolytes due to the better compatibility of GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene electrolyte with Li anode.Furthermore,the solid-state Li/LiFePO_(4) battery with GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene as electrolyte demonstrates a high capacity of 110.2–166.1 mAh g^(-1) in a wide temperature range of 25–60C,and an excellent capacity retention rate.The developed sandwich structured GFC@PEO-1 wt%MXene electrolyte with the excellent overall performance is promising for next generation high performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Low testing rates and high BRCA prevalence: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor use in Middle East BRCA/homologous recombination deficiency-positive cancer patients

BACKGROUND Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(PARPis)are approved as first-line therapies for breast cancer gene(BRCA)-positive,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.They are also effective for new and recurrent ovarian cancers that are BRCA-or homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)-positive.However,data on these mutations and PARPi use in the Middle East are limited.AIM To assess BRCA/HRD prevalence and PARPi use in patients in the Middle East with breast/ovarian cancer.METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study of 57 of 472 breast cancer patients tested for BRCA mutations,and 25 of 65 ovarian cancer patients tested for HRD.These adult patients participated in at least four visits to the oncology service at our center between August 2021 and May 2023.Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and compared using counts and percentages.Response to treatment was assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria.RESULTS Among the 472 breast cancer patients,12.1%underwent BRCA testing,and 38.5%of 65 ovarian cancer patients received HRD testing.Pathogenic mutations were found in 25.6%of the tested patients:26.3%breast cancers had germline BRCA(gBRCA)mutations and 24.0%ovarian cancers showed HRD.Notably,40.0%of gBRCA-positive breast cancers and 66.0%of HRD-positive ovarian cancers were Middle Eastern and Asian patients,respectively.PARPi treatment was used in 5(33.3%)gBRCA-positive breast cancer patients as first-line therapy(n=1;7-months progression-free),for maintenance(n=2;>15-months progression-free),or at later stages due to compliance issues(n=2).Four patients(66.6%)with HRD-positive ovarian cancer received PARPi and all remained progression-free.CONCLUSION Lower testing rates but higher BRCA mutations in breast cancer were found.Ethnicity reflected United Arab Emirates demographics,with breast cancer in Middle Eastern and ovarian cancer in Asian patients.

Advancements in Polymer Science: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Homopolymers and Copolymers

Polymer science encompasses a different range of materials critical to industries spanning from packaging to biomedicine. Understanding the synthesis, characterization, and applications of common homopolymers and copolymers is fundamental to advancing polymer research and development. In this comprehensive review, we explore various preparation methods, including free radical, anionic, and cationic polymerization, utilized for synthesizing homopolymers and copolymers. Furthermore, we investigate solvent choices commonly employed for polymer characterization, ranging from neat conditions, polar protic and polar aprotic solvents. We also explored characterization techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In addition to industrial applications, we highlight the diverse biological applications of homopolymers, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and polystyrene, which find its extensive use in biomedicine. By synthesizing and analyzing this wealth of information, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of homopolymers and copolymers, with a particular focus on their biological applications. This holistic approach not only contributes to advancements in polymer science and technology but also fosters innovation in biomedicine, ultimately benefiting human health and well-being.

PARP1通过调控POU2F2的表达促进肝细胞癌的进展研究

背景与目的:肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是严重威胁人类健康的重大疾病。多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1[poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1,PARP1]作为一种腺苷二磷酸核糖转移酶,能够促进DNA损伤修复进程,因此,PARP1通常被看作是一种促癌基因,但其在HCC中的表达和机制尚不明确。本研究旨在探讨PARP1在HCC患者中的表达趋势及其在HCC发生、发展中的作用。方法:首先,通过对癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)和临床蛋白质组学癌症分析联盟(Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium,CPTAC)HCC数据库的分析鉴定PARP1的临床表达情况,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测PARP1在HCC患者癌组织及癌旁组织样本中的表达情况。然后,借助PARP1的抑制剂PJ34抑制PARP1酶活性,同时借助小RNA干扰技术下调HCC细胞系中PARP1的表达,并以此为模型,采用细胞计数试剂盒-8(cell counting kit-8,CCK-8)和流式细胞术检测PARP1对细胞活力的影响,采用RTFQ-PCR检测HCC细胞干性基因的表达变化,采用细胞迁移和侵袭实验检测HCC细胞迁移和侵袭能力。采用生物信息学方法分析HCC进展中受PARP1调控的靶基因及其参与通路,并通过回补实验确定PARP1靶基因是否参与HCC细胞恶性表型。结果:在TCGA和CPTAC数据库中,PAPR1的表达均在HCC组中显著上调。RTFQ-PCR和Western blot检测结果表明,相比癌旁组织,HCC组织中的PARP1在转录和翻译水平均显著上调。生存分析结果表明,PARP1的表达与HCC患者的预后呈显著负相关。CCK-8、流式细胞术、RTFQ-PCR、细胞迁移及侵袭实验结果显示,在HCC细胞中下调PARP1表达可以抑制HCC细胞增殖,降低HCC细胞活性及干性,并减弱HCC细胞迁移和侵袭能力。生物信息学分析提示,PARP1调控基因富集在核因子κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)和Necroptosis通路中,POU2类同源框2(POU class homeobox 2,POU2F2)可能是PARP1的潜在靶基因。相关性分析、RTFQ-PCR和Western blot检测一致证实POU2F2的表达受到PARP1的调控,但PJ34不能抑制POU2F2的表达。CCK-8、流式细胞术和RTFQ-PCR结果显示,采用共转染的方式在敲低PARP1的HCC细胞系中回补POU2F2可以增强HCC细胞增殖能力,提高HCC细胞活性,促进HCC细胞干性。结论:PARP1可以通过非酶活性正向调控POU2F2表达促进HCC细胞恶性表型,本研究结果有望为HCC的临床治疗和新药开发提供新的思路。

面向凝聚态核磁共振的新型NaKV_(4)O_(9)·2H_(2)O材料与多铁性材料的物性研究

近年来凝聚态物理领域中,学者逐渐利用更加先进的技术,如核磁共振技术对不同材料进行更加详细的研究。因此研究利用凝聚态核磁共振技术对新型NaKV_(4)O_(9)·2H_(2)O材料与多铁性材料CuBr_(2)的物理性质进行测量与分析。结果表明,NaKV_(4)O_(9)·2H_(2)O曲线的峰部位置随着温度的不断增长,且在温度到120K附近的时候偏移量达到最大。CuBr_(2)的相变温度从72K升高到117.5K。综上所述,通过凝聚态核磁共振技术能更准确地察觉不同材料的物性变化规律。

Poly I:C刺激对杜洛克×二花脸F2猪血液参数的影响

为研究聚肌胞苷酸(polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid,简称Poly I:C)刺激对杜洛克×二花脸F2猪群血液参数的影响,选用杜洛克×二花脸F2猪393头,在33d时前腔静脉采血(对照组),在35d时用Poly(I:C)刺激,4h后采血(处理组),对刺激前后血液参数进行相关性和主成分等分析。研究结果表明,处理组与对照组相比,白细胞中的嗜中性粒细胞百分比(NE%)、淋巴细胞数(LY)和淋巴细胞百分比(LY%)这3项血液参数差异显著相关,红细胞中的红细胞压积(HCT%)和红细胞数(RBC)差异相关性显著,而血小板第一主成分中决定性指标血小板数(PLT)和血小板压积(PCT)在刺激前后不存在显著差异。

Preparation and shape memory properties of TiO_2/PLCL biodegradable polymer nanocomposites

The preparation of TiO2/poly（L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone）（PLCL） nanocomposites and their properties were reported.TiO2nanoparticles were surface modified by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone（ε-CL）.The resulting poly（ε-caprolactone）-grafted TiO2（g-TiO2） was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The g-TiO2can be uniformly dispersed in chloroform and the g-TiO2/PLCL nanocomposites were successfully fabricated through solvent-casting method.The effects of the content of g-TiO2nanoparticles on tensile properties and shape memory properties were investigated.A significant improvement in the tensile properties of the 5% g-TiO2/PLCL mass fraction nanocomposite is obtained：an increase of 113% in the tensile strength and an increase of 11% in the elongation at break over pure PLCL polymer.The g-TiO2/PLCL nanocomposites with a certain amount of g-TiO2content have better shape memory properties than pure PLCL polymer.The g-TiO2nanoparticles play an additional physical crosslinks which are contributed to improvement of the shape memory properties.

Kinetic hydrate inhibitor performance of new copolymer poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-2-vinyl pyridine)s with TBAB

In oil and gas field, the application of kinetic hydrate inhibitors （KHIs） independently has remained problematic in high subcooling and high water-cut situation. One feasible method to resolve this problem is the combined use of KHIs and some synergists, which would enhance KHIs’ inhibitory effect on both hydrate nucleation and hydrate crystal growth. In this study, a novel kind of KHI copolymer poly（N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-co-2-vinyl pyridine）s （HGs） is used in conjunction with TBAB to show its high performance on hydrate inhibition. The performance of HGs with different monomer ratios in structure II tetrahydrofuran （THF） hydrate is investigated using kinetic hydrate inhibitor evaluation apparatus by step-cooling method and isothermal cooling method. With the combined gas hydrate inhibitor at the concentration of 1.0 wt%, the induction time of 19 wt% THF solution could be prolonged to 8.5 h at a high subcooling of 6℃. Finally, the mechanism of HGs inhibiting the formation of gas hydrate is proposed.

Anticorrosion Coatings from Poly(Aniline-co-2-Ethylaniline) Micro/Nanostructures

PANI copolymer micro/nanostructures with different surface wettability were obtained from the chemical oxidation copolymerization of aniline(Ani)with 2-ethyl aniline(EA)at diverse[EA]/[Ani+EA]molar ratios,by employing ammonium persulfate as an oxidant.The results revealed that the poly(aniline-co-2-ethyl aniline)(PANI-EA)copolymer micro/nanostructures exhibited satisfactory anticorrosion performance for carbon steel,and the corrosion protection efficiency increased with the increase of water repellent property.Poly(2-ethyl aniline)(PEA)showed the largest contact angle(CA=145°)and show the best corrosion protection for the carbon steel(h=87.29%).It is found that the superior anticorrosion property of PEA is attributed to its high hydrophobicity,low conductivity and low porosity.

Synthesis of Comblike Poly(methyl methacrylate) by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Poly(ethyl 2-bromoacrylate) as Macroinitiator

Comblike poly(methyl methacrylate) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with poly(ethyl 2-bromoacrylate) as a macroinitiator, which was prepared by conventional free radical polymerization of ethyl 2-bromoacrylate. The obtained comblike polymers were characterized by GPC and 1H NMR.

One-pot Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted Oxazoles Using Poly[styrene(iodosodiacetate)]

Disubstituted oxazoles were prepared conveniently by treatment of aromatic -methyl ketones and nitriles with poly[styrene(iodosodiacetate)] in one-pot process.

Preparation and phase change performance of Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O@poly(lactic acid) capsules for thermal energy storage

Micro-encapsulated phase-change materials(micro PCMs) with Na_2 HPO_4·12 H_2 O encapsulated in poly(lactic acid)(PLA) shell were prepared by a solvent evaporation–precipitation method that involves the use of a coaxial needle. The effects of PLA concentration, stirring speed, injection rate of core and shell solutions, and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) concentration on phase change properties were investigated. The thermal properties of microP CMs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The capsules prepared under the optimal conditions are about 2 mm in diameter and show a latent heat of up to 122.2 J·g^(-1).

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY{4-[2-(tert-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILOXY)ETHYL]STYRENE}AND ITS HYDROLYSIS DERIVATIVE

The living cationic polymerization of 4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)ethyl]styrene (TBDMES) was studied in methylcyclohexane (MeChx)/methylchloride (MeCl) (50/50 V/V) solvent mixture at -80 degrees C. The initiator 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE) capped 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl) was formed in situ in conjunction with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)). The Lewis acidity of TiCl(4) was decreased by the addition of titanium(IV) isopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)(4)) to accomplish living polymerization of TBDMES. Hydrolysis of poly(TBDMES) in the presence of tetra-butylammonium fluoride yielded poly[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)styrene] (poly(HOES)). FT-IR, NMR and DSC demonstrated the hydrolysis was complete.

Photochemical reactions of poly(3-butoxythiophene-2,5-diyl) with chloroform

Photochemical reactions of poly(3-butoxythiophene-2,5-diyl) with chloroform under irradiation with light were studied. The reactions were separately carried out under air, oxygen, and nitrogen. The obtained results showed that this reaction belongs to the pseudo-first-order reaction with a rate constant kobs of 1.4×10?5 s?1 at room temperature. The presence or absence of air, oxygen, and nitrogen did not have obvious effects on the reaction rate under irradiation with light.

Polymer-Decorated 2D MoS2 Synaptic Transistors for Biological Bipolar Metaplasticities Emulation

Biological bipolar metaplasticities were successfully mimicked in two-dimensional(2D)MoS2 transistors via the implementation of two different MoS2 surface decorations,poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)and chitosan bio-polymers.Interestingly,the depressing metaplasticity was successfully mimicked when the PVA bio-polymer was used as the surface decoration layer,whereas the metaplasticity of long-term potentiation was realized when the chitosan bio-polymer was taken as the surface decoration layer.Furthermore,the electronic band structures of the 2D MoS2 devices with different surface decorations were further investigated using first-principles calculations for understanding the underlying mechanisms of such bipolar metaplasticities.These results will deepen our understanding of metaplasticity,and have great potential in neuromorphic computing applications.

Nucleobase-crosslinked poly(2-oxazoline) nanoparticles as paclitaxel carriers with enhanced stability and ultra-high drug loading capacity for breast cancer therapy

Poly(2-oxazoline)(POx)has been regarded as a potential candidate for drug delivery carrier to meet the challenges of nanomedicine clinical translation,due to its excellent biocompatibility and self-assembly properties.The drug loading capacity and stability of amphiphilic POxs as drug nanocarriers,however,tend to be insufficient.Herein,we report a strategy to prepare nucleobase-crosslinked POx nanoparticles(NPs)with enhanced stability and ultra-high paclitaxel(PTX)loading capacity for breast cancer therapy.An amphiphilic amine-functionalized POx(PMBEOx-NH_(2))was firstly prepared through a click reaction between cysteamines and vinyl groups in poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly(2–butyl–2-oxazoline-co-2-butenyl-2-oxazoline)(PMBEOx).Complementary nucleobase-pairs adenine(A)and uracil(U)were subsequently conjugated to PMBEOx-NH2 to give functional POxs(POxA and POxU),respectively.Due to the nucleobase interactions formed between A and U,NPs formed by POxA and POxU at a molar ratio of 1:1 displayed ultrahigh PTX loading capacity(38.2%,PTX/POxA@U),excellent stability,and reduced particle size compared to the uncross-linked PTX-loaded NPs(PTX/PMBEOx).Besides the prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor accumulation,the smaller PTX/POxA@U NPs also have better tumor penetration ability compared with PTX/PMBEOx,thus leading to a higher tumor suppression rate in two murine breast cancer models(E0711 and 4T1).These results proved that the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs could be improved remarkably through a reasonable optimization of nanocarriers.