Preparation of Poly-α-Olefin Microcapsule Particles Coated with Polyurethane as a Drag Reducer Based on Interface Polymerization

The molecular behavior of polyurethane(PU)coating materials during the surface adsorption of poly-α-olefin as a drag reducing polymer was explored by a molecular dynamics simulation.Three different PU capsule wall materials were synthesized using two reaction monomers,and a poly-α-olefin/PU drag reducer microcapsule was prepared based on interface polymerization.The structure,morphology,thermal stability,compressive strength,and drag reduction performance of the microcapsules were characterized and compared.The results showed that a non-bonding interaction induced the adsorption of the PU coating material,poly-α-olefin and PU then fused at the interface,and the PU coating material was embedded into the inner grooves of poly-α-olefin in the form of a local mosaic,thereby forming a stable core–shell structure.The morphological characterization indicated that PU and poly-α-olefin could form microcapsule structures.The thermal decomposition temperature of the microcapsule was dependent on the type of capsule wall material.The microcapsule structure had a slight effect on poly-α-olefin drag reduction.The system enabled poly-α-olefin to exist in powdered particles through microcapsulation,and had a good dispersion effect that facilitated storage and transport processes.The method effectively inhibited the accumulation and bonding of poly-α-olefin at room temperature.

L-DOPA对西施舌眼点幼虫附着变态诱导的研究

采用试验水体中添加化学诱导物的方法研究L-DOPA(L-多巴)对西施舌(Coelomctraantiquata)眼点幼虫附着变态的诱导作用。结果表明,L-DOPA能诱导西施舌眼点幼虫变态,但对其附着的诱导效果不明显。用直径小于1 mm的细沙为附着基质,1×10-6mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌眼点幼虫12 h,变态率为73.3%,对照组为62.6%。浓度为1×10-7mol/L的L-DOPA处理西施舌幼虫12 h,生长速率为25.6%,对照组为14.7%,表明适当浓度的L-DOPA能促进西施舌幼虫的生长。在无沙附着的条件下,西施舌幼虫可正常附着变态,但生长速率较低且变态后死亡率高。

PD鼠尾壳核内GAD_(67)mRNA的表达及L-Dopa的影响

目的 观察 6 - OHDA毁损黑质及 L- Dopa处理对大鼠尾壳核 (CPu)和苍白球 (GP)功能活动的影响 .方法 6 -OHDA损毁大鼠单侧中脑黑质制备 PD模型大鼠 ,用原位杂交的方法分别观察 PD鼠、L- Dopa处理 PD鼠及对照组鼠CPu及 GP中 GAD6 7m RNA表达水平的变化 .结果 GAD6 7m RNA的表达在 PD鼠 CPu中明显升高 (76 % ) ,在 GP无明显变化 .服用 L - Dopa后 ,GAD6 7m RNA的表达水平在 CPu明显下降 (31% )而在 GP则升高 (4 2 % ) .结论 CPu和 GP功能活动的改变在

L-DOPA制剂对巴金森氏病认知功能的影响

巴金森氏病（Ｐａｒｋｉｎｓｏｎ’ｓＤｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＰＤ）因涉及中枢神经介质多巴胺减少，而需补给外源性左旋多巴（Ｌｅｖｏｄｏｐａ，Ｌ－ＤＯＰＡ）制剂，是否对皮质神经元代谢产生影响，目前尚无研究报道。本研究采用ＳＰＥＣＴ技术，结合多项神经心理学测评，探讨...

Application of the Shrinking Particle Model for the Evaluation of Molecular Recyclability of PET versus Semi-Aromatic Polyesters

The molecular recyclability of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and three semi-aromatic polyesters poly (phloretic acid) (poly-H), poly (dihydroferulic acid) (poly-G), and poly (dihydrosinapinic acid) (poly-S) is evaluated in this study. PET is an extensively used aromatic polyester, and poly-H, poly-G, and poly-S can be considered semi-aromatic poly (lactic acid) modifications. All these polyesters have been depolymerized at neutral pH and by acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis at two temperatures, i.e., 50˚C and 80˚C. Base-catalyzed depolymerization of virgin PET leads to an isolated yield of 38% after 48 hours of reaction at 80˚C. Contrary to these results for PET, almost all the monomers of the semi-aromatic polyesters poly-H, poly-G, and poly-S are recovered with isolated yields larger than 90% at the same temperature after 15 minutes in a facile manner. A shrinking particle model used to determine the global kinetics of the base-catalyzed depolymerization showed that the rate rises with increasing temperature. Using the shrinking particle model, the intrinsic reaction rate constants were determined. It has been demonstrated that the rate coefficients of the depolymerization of the semi-aromatic polyesters poly-H, poly-G, and poly-S are between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those for PET.

硅栅 MOS 结构 Poly-Si/SiO_2 界面研究

利用俄歇电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）、二次离子质谱（ＳＩＭＳ）等表面分析手段，对硅栅ＭＯＳ结构Ｐｏｌｙ－Ｓｉ／ＳｉＯ２界面进行分析，发现该界面不是突变的，存在着成份过渡区．根据多晶硅薄膜的成核理论，确定该过渡区形成的物理起源．利用Ｆｏｗｌｅｒ－Ｎｏｒｄｈｅｉｍ隧道发射和“幸运电子”模型。

L-dopa诱导PC12细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的实验研究

目的 探讨 L- dopa在帕金森氏病 (PD)治疗中的神经毒性作用及其毒性机制。方法 以 PC12细胞为多巴胺神经元的细胞模型 ,利用 DNA凝胶电泳及图像分析仪、TU NEL 法、流式细胞术及免疫荧光技术检测不同浓度的 L- dopa对 PC12细胞的凋亡诱导作用及凋亡相关基因 Bcl- 2、Bax表达的改变。结果 2 0 μmol/ L、5 0 μmol/L、10 0 μm ol/ L、15 0 μmol/ L 处理组凋亡率分别为 2 .5 %、12 .4%、2 4.4%、37.2 % ;5 0 μm ol/ L～ 15 0 μmol/ L 处理组电泳后出现梯状带 ,DNA片断化比例与流式细胞术结果基本一致 ;TUNEL 法检测到的凋亡率高于前两者 ;L- dopa处理后 ,Bcl- 2的表达量减少 ,与凋亡率呈显著负相关 ;Bax的表达量增加 ,与凋亡率呈显著正相关。结论 L- dopa可能是通过凋亡这条途径损害多巴胺神经元的 ,其机制可能是通过改变 Bcl- 2 / Bax的比值来介导细胞凋亡。

高密度发酵产酪氨酸酚裂解酶及催化合成L-DOPA

为了提高酪氨酸酚裂解酶(tyrosine phenol-lyase,TPL)的表达量和酶活,使之更高效地催化合成左旋多巴(3,4-2-dihydroxylphenylalanine,L-DOPA),在摇瓶优化的基础上,研究了溶氧控制策略、补料策略、诱导温度和诱导策略对菌体生长、TPL酶活和L-DOPA产量的影响。结果表明,在5 L发酵罐中25℃诱导条件下,采用DO-stat补料策略控制罐内溶氧的体积分数为20%,菌体浓度、TPL酶活和催化合成L-DOPA产量较分批培养分别提高了17.9%、57.7%和27.8%。诱导后控制溶氧体积分数在40%相比于20%更利于TPL的表达,酶活相比于20%的DO的提高了33.8%。通过优化起始诱导时间,在菌体生长的对数前期(OD 600=7)诱导,细胞浓度提高到51.2 g/L,酶活提高到2.43 U/mL,L-DOPA产量为56.58 g/L,较分批培养分别提高了64.1%、170%和209.2%。初步实现了重组大肠杆菌高密度培养生产TPL,为L-DOPA产业化研究奠定了基础。

Inhibitory Effect of Ferulic Acid on Oxidation of L-DOPA Catalyzed by Mushroom Tyrosinase

The inhibitory effect of ferulic acid on the diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase and the kinetic behavior were studied with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine （L-DOPA） as substrate. The inhibitor concentration leading to 50% relative activity lost （IC50） was estimated to be 0.15 mmol·L^-1. The inhibition mechanism obtained from Lineweaver-Burk plots shows that ferulic acid is a competitive inhibitor and the inhibition of tyrosinase by ferulic acid is a reversible reaction. The equilibrium constant for ferulic acid binding with the tyrosinase was determined to be 0.25 mmol·L^-1 for diphenolase. Keywords tyrosinase, ferulic acid, kinetics, inhibition, L-DOPA, diphenolase

Biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate with a high molecular weight by methanotroph from methane and methanol

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate （PHB） can be produced by various species of bacteria. Among the possible carbon sources, both methane and methanol could be a suitable substrate for the production of PHB. Methane is cheap and plentiful not only as natural gas, but also as biogas. Methanol can also maintain methanotrophic activity in some conditions. The methanotrophic strain Methylosinus trichosporium IMV3011 can accumulate PHB with methane and methanol in a brief nonsterile process. Liquid methanol （0.1%） was added to improve the oxidization of methane. The studies were carried out using shake flasks. Cultivation was performed in two stages： a continuous growth phase and a PHB accumulation phase under the conditions short of essential nutrients （ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, copper, iron （Ⅲ）, magnesium or ethylenediamine tetraacetate （EDTA）） in batch culture. It was found that the most suitable growth time for the cell is 144 h. Then an optimized culture condition for second stage was determined, in which the PHB concentration could be much increased to 0.6 g/L. In order to increase PHB content, citric acid was added as an inhibitor of tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA）. It was found that citric acid is favorable for the PHB accumulation, and the PHB yield was increased to 40% （w/w） from the initial yield of 12% （w/w） after nutrient deficiency cultivation. The PHB produced is of very high quality with molecular weight up to 1.5 × 10^6Da.

Accumulation of L-DOPA in various organs of faba bean and influence of drought, nitrogen stress, and processing methods on L-DOPA yield

Faba bean(Vicia faba L.)has been identified as a rich source of L-DOPA,which is used in treating Parkinson's disease.Biosynthesis and accumulation of active substances such as L-DOPA in plant tissues may interact with growing conditions and processing methods.Accumulation trends of L-DOPA in various faba bean organs and the effect of drought stress and N fertilization on L-DOPA content were studied in a field and two greenhouse experiments.The influence of various processing methods on L-DOPA content of faba bean tissues was evaluated.The highest L-DOPA content was detected in fresh leaves(22.4 mg g^(-1))followed by flowers,young pods,mature seeds,and roots.Regardless of processing method,L-DOPA concentration in faba bean tissues was significantly reduced when tissues were boiled or dried.Among various methods of processing,freezing had the lowest detrimental effect,reducing L-DOPA concentrations by 24.1%and 21.1%in leaves and seeds,respectively.Drought stress elevated L-DOPA concentration,and maximum L-DOPA(23.3 mg g^(-1)of biomass)was extracted from plants grown under severe drought stress.However,L-DOPA yield(L-DOPA concentration×biomass)was compromised,owing to the adverse influence of drought stress on dry matter production.No significant difference in L-DOPA concentration was detected among various N application rates.

黎豆属中L-DOPA与进口L-DOPA药理作用的比较

本文报道了从黎豆属植物Mucuna Sempervirens提取的L-DOPA与进口的L-DOPA的有关药理比较。结果表明,两者在抗震颤麻痹方面的药理作用强度相似,国产L-DOPA有可能代替进口L-DOPA用于临床。

Apoptosis of A549 cells by small interfering RNA targeting survivin delivery using poly-β-amino ester/guanidinylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles

Gene-based therapeutics has emerged as a promising approach for human cancer therapy. Among a variety of non-viral vectors, polymer vectors are particularly attractive due to their safety and multivalent groups on their surface. This study focuses on guanidinylated O-carboxymethyl chitosan(GOCMCS) along with poly-β-amino ester(PBAE) for si RNA delivery. Binding efficiency of PBAE/si RNA/GOCMCS nanoparticles were characterized by gel electrophoresis. The si RNA-loaded nanoparticles were found to be stable in the presence of RNase A, serum and BALF respectively. Fine particle fraction(FPF) which was determined by a two-stage impinger(TSI) was 57.8% ± 2.6%. The particle size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were 153.8 ± 12.54 nm and + 12.2 ± 4.94 m V. In vitro cell transfection studies were carried out with A549 cells. The cellular uptake was significantly increased. When the cells were incubated with si Survivin-loaded nanoparticles, it could induce 26.83% ± 0.59% apoptosis of A549 cells and the gene silencing level of survivin expression in A549 cells were 30.93% ± 2.27%. The results suggested that PBAE/GOCMCS nanoparticle was a very promising gene delivery carrier.

Asymmetric Pictet-Spengler Reactions:Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives from L-DOPA

The cis-l-substituted-6,7-dihydroxy-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid esters 3 can be obtained in a highly diastereoselective fashion through 1,3-induction Pictet- Spengler (P-S) cyclization of the L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) methyl ester with aromatic or aliphatic aldehydes under acidic conditions. Their epimers 4 are also obtained as minor products.

Synthesis of new chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline β-amino alcohols from L-DOPA

Four new chiral 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-derived β-amino alcohols were synthesized from L-DOPA in good yields. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR and MS.

Biocompatibility of Modified Poly-β-Hydroxybutyric Acid to Adrenocortical Cells

Biodegradable polymers have been widely used in the field of tissue engineering.The adhesive characteristic of polymer surfaces must be modified for cell seeding and growth before being used.The modified method poly-β-hybroxybutyric acid (PHB) was introduced and the biocompatibility of modified PHB to adrenocortical cells was studied here,Gelatin was used as a modifier to retrofit PHB and adrenocortical cells were seeded in the modified PHB.The effects of PHB on the proliferation and secreting function of adrenocortical cells were evaluated by MTT and RIA methods.It shows that adrenocortical cells were able to grow and survived in PHB and no influence on the proliferation and secreting function of the cells was observed.The morphology study shows that the modified PHB was easy for cells seeding and growing.The modified PHB is a good biodegradable material as cell carrier for transplantation of adrenocortical cells.

Modification of Fe_3O_4 Magnetic Nanoparticles by L-dopa or Dopamine as an Enzyme Support

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation of Fe^2＋ and Fe^3＋ in an ammonia solution, and its size was about 36 nm measured by an atomic force microscope. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were modified by L-dopa or dopamine using sonication method. The analysis of FTIR clearly indicated the formation of Fe-O-C bond. Direct immobilization of trypsin （EC： 3.4.21.4） on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with L-dopa and dopamine spacer was investigated using glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. No significant changes in the size and magnetic property of the three kinds of magnetic nanoparticles linked with or without trypsin were observed. The existence of the spacer molecule on magnetic nanoparticles could greatly improve the activity and the storage stability of bound trypsin through increasing the flexibility of enzyme and changing the microenvironment on nanoparticles surface compared to the naked magnetic nanoparticles.

Biological sources of L-DOPA: An alternative approach

Parkinson’s disease was first formally identified by British physician James Parkinson in 1817 as “The Shaking Palsy”. L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl-L-alanine) has been considered as a gold-standard treatment for Parkinson’s disease. The world market for L-DOPA is about 250 t/year and the total market volume is about $101 billion per year. The present review summarizes the different biological sources for the production of L-DOPA. The process for L-DOPA production from different biological sources has advantages over the chemical methods such as, enantiometrically pure L-DOPA, less incubation time and cost effective method. L-DOPA is found naturally in certain plant foods, particularly broad beans which found to replenish brain levels of L-DOPA even more quickly, and for longer periods, than conventional medication.

Coal Tar Derived Metallocene Catalyst for Polymerization of 1-Decene into Low-viscosity Poly-α-Olefin Lubricating Base Oil

The production of poly-α-olefins(PAOs)has attracted attention due to their excellent viscosity-temperature dependence,wear characteristics,oxidative properties,and high thermal stability.In this study,indene extracted during coal tar refining was used as a raw material to synthesize a bis(indenyl)zirconium dichloride metallocene catalyst.A PAO with low viscosity and a high viscosity index was produced via the oligomerization of 1-decene in the presence of both the prepared metallocene and a methylaluminoxane(MAO)co-catalyst.Notably,the effects of different synthesis reaction parameters,such as Al:Zr ratio,amount of catalyst,and reaction temperature,on the conversion ratio and product selectivity were investigated in detail.The produced PAO was thoroughly characterized using Fourier-transform infrared,^(13)C,and^(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies;gas chromatography;and viscosity measurements.At 70℃,the metallocene catalyst created more stable active sites.In addition,the alkylation effect of MAO was noticeable.Interestingly,the obtained catalysis results demonstrated that a high conversion ratio of~93%was achieved at a low reaction temperature of 70℃,with a catalyst dosage of 0.0848 mmol and Al:Zr ratio of 8.48mmol:0.0848mmol.Moreover,under these optimal conditions,the kinematic viscosity of PAO was 4.25 mm2/s at 100℃,and the viscosity index was 139,indicating good viscosity-temperature properties.

Preparation and Evaluation of Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Hydrogel Mixtures with Basic Drugs or Acidic Drugs: Effect on Ease of Swallowing and Taste Masking

The purpose of this study was to prepare a poly-γ-glutamic acid hydrogel (PGA gel), to examine its ease of swallowing using texture profile analysis (TPA) and to evaluate its taste-masking effects on basic or acidic drugs using the artificial taste sensor. Using TPA, 0.5% and 1.0% PGA gels, 0.5% and 1.0% agar and 1.0% ι-carrageenan in the absence of drug was examined the hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness, ranked according to permission criteria published by the Japanese Consumers Affairs Agency. 0.5% PGA gel and 1.0% agar were classified into grade II. In the taste sensor measurement, the bitterness suppressions by 0.5% PGA gel were larger than that by 1.0% agar in all drugs and the bitterness suppressions of basic drugs in 0.5% PGA gel were more potent than those of acidic drugs in 0.5% PGA gel. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis was carried out to examine the difference in mechanism of bitterness suppression between basic drugs and acidic drugs mixed with PGA gel. The signals of the proton nearest to the nitrogen atom of basic drugs shifted clearly upfield, suggesting an interaction between the amino group of basic drugs and the carboxyl group of PGA gel. In conclusion, PGA gel is expected to be a useful excipient in formulations contained various drugs, especially basic drugs;it also has advantage for not only increasing ease of swallowing but also masking the bitterness of drugs even though a small amount of a single drug dose might be preferred.