Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has already been attracted considerable attention.Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)from daily diets are thought to be a vital contributor to the development of this diseas...Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has already been attracted considerable attention.Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)from daily diets are thought to be a vital contributor to the development of this diseases.However,the effect of one of the best-characterized exogenous AGEs N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML)on cognitive function is not fully reported.In the present study,diabetical Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats were treated with free CML for 8-weeks.It was found that oral consumption of exogenous CML significantly aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in behavioral test.In details,exogenous CML increased levels of oxidative stress,promoted the activation of glial cells in the brain,up-regulated the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6,inhibited the protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and thus led to neuroinflammation.Furthermore,exogenous CML promoted the amyloidogenesis in the brain of GK rats,and inhibited the expression of GLUT4.Additionally,several tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamate-glutamine/γ-aminobutyric acid cycle intermediates including pyruvate,succinic acid,glutamine,glutamate were significantly changed in brain of GK rats treated with exogenous free CML.In conclusion,exogenous free CML is a potentially noxious compounds led to aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction which could be possibly explained by its effects on neuroinflammation,energy and neurotransmitter amino acid homeostasis.展开更多
Polycrystalline Si(poly-Si)-based passivating contacts are promising candidates for high-efficiency crystalline Si solar cells.We show that nanosecond-scale pulsed laser melting(PLM)is an industrially viable technique...Polycrystalline Si(poly-Si)-based passivating contacts are promising candidates for high-efficiency crystalline Si solar cells.We show that nanosecond-scale pulsed laser melting(PLM)is an industrially viable technique to fabricate such contacts with precisely controlled dopant concentration profiles that exceed the solid solubility limit.We demonstrate that conventionally doped,hole-selective poly-Si/SiO_(x)contacts that provide poor surface passivation of c-Si can be replaced with Ga-or B-doped contacts based on non-equilibrium doping.We overcome the solid solubility limit for both dopants in poly-Si by rapid cooling and recrystallization over a timescale of∼25 ns.We show an active Ga dopant concentration of∼3×10^(20)cm^(−3)in poly-Si which is six times higher than its solubility limit in c-Si,and a B dopant concentration as high as∼10^(21) cm^(−3).We measure an implied open-circuit voltage of 735 mV for Ga-doped poly-Si/SiO_(x)contacts on Czochralski Si with a low contact resistivity of 35.5±2.4 mΩcm^(2).Scanning spreading resistance microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy show large diffusion and drift current in the p-n junction that contributes to the low contact resistivity.Our results suggest that PLM can be extended for hyperdoping of other semiconductors with low solubility atoms to enable high-efficiency devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302258,32172317)Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2202223).
文摘Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction has already been attracted considerable attention.Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)from daily diets are thought to be a vital contributor to the development of this diseases.However,the effect of one of the best-characterized exogenous AGEs N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML)on cognitive function is not fully reported.In the present study,diabetical Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats were treated with free CML for 8-weeks.It was found that oral consumption of exogenous CML significantly aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction in behavioral test.In details,exogenous CML increased levels of oxidative stress,promoted the activation of glial cells in the brain,up-regulated the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6,inhibited the protein expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and thus led to neuroinflammation.Furthermore,exogenous CML promoted the amyloidogenesis in the brain of GK rats,and inhibited the expression of GLUT4.Additionally,several tricarboxylic acid cycle and glutamate-glutamine/γ-aminobutyric acid cycle intermediates including pyruvate,succinic acid,glutamine,glutamate were significantly changed in brain of GK rats treated with exogenous free CML.In conclusion,exogenous free CML is a potentially noxious compounds led to aggravated diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction which could be possibly explained by its effects on neuroinflammation,energy and neurotransmitter amino acid homeostasis.
基金the National Renewable Energy Laboratory,operated by Alliance for Sustainable Energy,LLC,for the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)under Contract No.DE-AC36-08GO28308.
文摘Polycrystalline Si(poly-Si)-based passivating contacts are promising candidates for high-efficiency crystalline Si solar cells.We show that nanosecond-scale pulsed laser melting(PLM)is an industrially viable technique to fabricate such contacts with precisely controlled dopant concentration profiles that exceed the solid solubility limit.We demonstrate that conventionally doped,hole-selective poly-Si/SiO_(x)contacts that provide poor surface passivation of c-Si can be replaced with Ga-or B-doped contacts based on non-equilibrium doping.We overcome the solid solubility limit for both dopants in poly-Si by rapid cooling and recrystallization over a timescale of∼25 ns.We show an active Ga dopant concentration of∼3×10^(20)cm^(−3)in poly-Si which is six times higher than its solubility limit in c-Si,and a B dopant concentration as high as∼10^(21) cm^(−3).We measure an implied open-circuit voltage of 735 mV for Ga-doped poly-Si/SiO_(x)contacts on Czochralski Si with a low contact resistivity of 35.5±2.4 mΩcm^(2).Scanning spreading resistance microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy show large diffusion and drift current in the p-n junction that contributes to the low contact resistivity.Our results suggest that PLM can be extended for hyperdoping of other semiconductors with low solubility atoms to enable high-efficiency devices.
