应用于LOCOS隔离工艺的平坦化技术研究

介绍了LOCOS隔离技术的原理,研究了应用于LOCOS工艺的反刻平坦化技术,通过调整刻蚀中反应气体流量等工艺参数,在CHF3流量50 mL/min、O2流量2 mL/min条件下,获得了较好的平坦化表面。研究了应用于LOCOS工艺的CMP平坦化技术,通过调整CMP压力、转速、流量等工艺参数,控制了抛光速率和精度,提高平坦化的均匀性,在工艺条件为压力1psi(1 psi=6.89×103 Pa),转速25 r/min,流量120 mL/min时,获得了良好的平坦化形貌。通过实验对比发现,CMP平坦化效果优于反刻平坦化,适合于实际生产应用。

LOCOS(局域硅氧化工艺)一种用于静电电机的微加工工艺

本文给出了一种利用局域硅氧化工艺生产静电微米规模电机的新型工艺.这种电机的草图如(1)图所示,它基于五道掩膜工艺,简述如下,具有连续腐蚀到衬底的氮化硅层的淀积和光刻,硅的选择性氧化LOCOS,用于转子电刷的部分选择性氧化物的腐蚀。

基于LOCO-I算法的图像压缩比控制

在认真研究LOCO-I算法的基础上,深入分析了失真控制参数Near对图像压缩比和重建质量的影响,通过对该算法中的Near进行实时动态调整,实现了对图像近无损压缩的压缩比控制,进而可以根据需求来控制图片大小进行压缩。仿真结果表明,提出的压缩比控制方案收敛性较好,输出码流稳定,在满足目标压缩比时重建图像质量较原一阶压缩比控制方案提高了0.5 d B左右。

基于LOCO-I算法的星载图像无损压缩的FPGA实现

LOCO-I图像无损压缩算法是JPEG-LS标准的核心算法.文中针对于星载图像无损压缩的具体应用,充分利用了流水和并行技术,给出了基于该算法的高速星载图像无损压缩核的设计和实现.压缩验证系统实验结果表明,该设计可每周期处理一个像素,50MHz频率下数据处理速度可达400Mbps,满足星载图像无损压缩的实际要求.

Gall bladder carcinoma: Aggressive malignancy with protean loco-regional and distant spread

The most common malignancy of biliary tract is gallbladder cancer(GBC) which is the third most common cancer in gastrointestinal tract. It is a lethal disease for most patients in spite of growing awareness and improved diagnostic techniques. GBC has a verypoor prognosis and the 5 year survival rate is < 10%. Although etiology of the carcinoma of the gallbladder is still obscure, various factors have been implicated, cholelithiasis being the most frequent. The incidence of GBC worldwide is based on the gender, geography and ethnicity which suggest that both genetic and environmental factors can cause GBC. The major route of spread of gallbladder cancer(GC) is locoregional rather than distant. It spreads by lymphatic, vascular, neural, intraperitoneal, and intraductal routes. Sonography is usually the most common imaging test to evaluate symptoms of biliary tract disease including suspected GC. With recent advances in imaging modalities like multi-detector computed tomography(CT) scanners, magnetic resonance imaging-positron emission tomography/CT diagnosis of gallbladder cancer has improved. Studies have also targeted molecular and genetic pathways. Treatment options have included extended and radical surgeries and adjuvant chemotherapy. This review article deals in detail with important aspects of carcinoma gallbladder and its manifestations and challenges. Role of various imaging modalities in characterization and accurate staging has been discussed. The loco-regional spread of this aggressive malignancy is dealt explicitly.

Loco-regional intervention for hepatocellular carcinoma

Anatomic location/size and number of lesions,inadequate volume of future liver remnant,or poor coexisting premorbid conditions preclude surgery in the majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Liver transplantation can cure some patients with poor liver function,but few patients are eligible because of scarcity of donors.Without specific anti-cancer treatment,the prognosis of HCC is poor.Various locoregional therapies are used to treat patients who are not candidates for surgery,and have emerged as tools for palliation,tumor downstaging,and bridging therapy prior to liver transplantation.Currently,local ablative therapy even competes with partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation as a primary treatment for small HCC.HCC is well suited to treatment with loco-regional therapy because it has a tendency to stay within the liver,with distant metastasis generally occurring late in the course of disease.This suggests that an effective local-regional therapy can have a great impact on HCC patients who are not candidates for surgical treatment.Loco-regional therapy can further be justified because patients with HCC usually die of liver failure consequent to intrahepatic growth resulting in liver tissue destruction,rather than extrahepatic metastases.

Long-term results of paclitaxel plus cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy for loco-regional esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM To evaluate the long-term effectiveness and late toxicities of paclitaxel(PTX) plus cisplatin(DDP) with concurrent radiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cancer.METHODS Between 2008 and 2011, 76 patients were enrolled in a phase Ⅱ study on the treatment of loco-regionally advanced esophageal cancer with radiotherapy(68.4 Gy/44 fractions or 61.2 Gy/34 fractions) combined with 4-cycle chemotherapy consisting of DDP(25 mg/m^2 per day for 3 d) and PTX(175 mg/m^2 for 3 h). The primary endpoints were overall survival and progression-free survival, and the secondary endpoints were toxicity and the treatment failure pattern.RESULTS A total of 76 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom 63.2% finished the whole regimen. The 5-year survival rates for the per-protocol population and intent-to-treat population were 25.4% and 26.4%, respectively, and the median survival rates were 23.7 mo and 28.5 mo, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 late toxicity was observed in only one patient(heart failure). In log-rank analysis, the pretreatment stage(stage Ⅱ + Ⅲ: 36.1 mo vs stage Ⅳ: 14.9 mo) and the completed cycle(1-3 cycles: 16.1 mo vs 4 cycles: 35.5 mo) were significant prognostic factors(P = 0.037 < 0.05 and P = 0.013 < 0.05).CONCLUSION Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy consisting of PTX and DDP is a safe and effective definitive treatment for loco-regionally advanced esophageal squamous cancer.

Loco-regional therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma awaiting liver transplantation: Selecting an optimal therapy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a common, increasingly prevalent malignancy. For all but the smallest lesions, surgical removal of cancer via resection or liver transplantation(LT) is considered the most feasible pathway to cure. Resection- even with favorable survival- is associated with a fairly high rate of recurrence, perhaps since most HCCs occur in the setting of cirrhosis. LT offers the advantage of removing not only the cancer but the diseased liver from which the cancer has arisen, and LT outperforms resection for survival with selected patients. Since time waiting for LT is time during which HCC can progress, locoregional therapy(LRT) is widely employed by transplant centers. The purpose of LRT is either to bridge patients to LT by preventing progression and waitlist dropout, or to downstage patients who slightly exceed standard eligibility criteria initially but can fall within it after treatment. Transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation have been the most widely utilized LRTs to date, with favorable efficacy and safety as a bridge to LT(and for the former, as a downstaging modality). The list of potentially effective LRTs has expanded in recent years, and includes transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads, radioembolization and novel forms of extracorporal therapy. Herein we appraise the various LRT modalities for HCC, and their potential roles in specific clinical scenarios in patients awaiting LT.

Outcomes of loco-regional therapy for down-staging of hepatocellular carcinoma prior to liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: The number of loco-regional therapies (LRTs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased dramatically during the past decade. Many patients with HCC who were beyond the Milan criteria were allowed to receive a liver transplantation (LT) once the HCC was successfully down-staged. This retrospective study aimed to analyze the outcomes of LRTs prior to LT in patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria. METHODS: We analyzed 56 patients treated from June 2006 to March 2010: 22 met the Milan criteria (T1+T2, 39.3%), 16 had T3 tumors (28.6%), and 11 had T4a tumors (19.6%), while 7 were suspected of tumor vascular invasion (T4b, 12.5%). All patients underwent preoperative LRTs, including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, radiofrequency ablation, percutaneous ethanol injection, liver resection, and/or microwave coagulation therapy. The number of the patients who were successfully down-staged before LT, the types of LRTs used before LT, and their outcomes after LT were recorded. RESULTS: Eleven patients had necrotic tumors (pT0, 19.6%); 6 had pT1 tumors (10.7%), 22 had pT2 tumors (39.3%), 6 had pT3 tumors (10.7%), 5 had pT4a tumors (8.9%), and 6 had pT4b tumors (10.7%). The histopathologic tumors of 39 patients (69.6%) were down-staged and met the established Milan criteria (pT0-2). Imaging-proven under-staging was present in 5 HCC patients (8.9%) who had tumors involving the intrahepatic venous system. Twenty-three patients (41.1%) had stable HCC and 10 (17.9%) died. The 1-, 3- and 4-year survival rates were 96%, 73% and 61%, respectively, with a mean survival time of 22.29±1.63 months. Six patients died of tumorrecurrence. The 1-, 3- and 4-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 88%, 75% and 66%, respectively. The 3-year RFS of patients with pT0-2 tumors was 82%, which was markedly greater than that of patients with pT3 tumors (63%, P=0.018) or pT4 tumors (17%, P=0.000). Although the 3-year RFS of patients with pT3 tumors was greater than that of patients with pT4 tumors, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Successful down-staging of HCCs can be achieved in the majority of carefully selected patients by LRTs. Importantly, patients who are successfully down-staged and undergo LT may have a higher RFS rate.

Utility of “loco-check,” self-checklist for “locomotive syndrome” as a tool for estimating the physical dysfunction of elderly people

Aim: A new concept of locomotive syndrome has been proposed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. The aim of this study is to clarify the utility of its self-checklist, “loco-check,” as a tool for estimating the physical dysfunction of elderly people. Methods: Subjects were 1124 community-dwelling Japanese people, 557 men and 567 women, aged 40-89 years. Information about the seven “loco-check” items was obtained from present inquiry sheets. Physical functions were examined by grip strength, knee extension strength, walking speed and one-leg standing time with open eyes. The averages of these test values, controlled for age and BMI, were compared between the “loco-check” (+) group and the “loco-check” (-) group. Also we examined about the trend of decline of physical function, together with SF36 physical function subscale score, as the number of the items chosen increased. Results: Adjusted average values of all four physical function examinations in the “lococheck” (+) group were significantly lower than those of the “loco-check” (-) group (all, p . Also the adjusted average values of the majority of four tests were significantly lower in those who checked each of the “loco-check” items than those who did not, for most of the items. It was also revealed that the more items subjects checked, the lower the adjusted average values were, except for one-leg standing time. It was also the case with SF36 physical function subscale score. Conclusion: We showed the utility of “loco-check” as a simple tool not only for noticing the physical dysfunction of elderly people, but also for estimating the extent of it, except for balancing ability, particularly by counting the number of checked items.

Accuracy of Ultrasound Examination of Loco-Regional Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Follow-Up and Its Role in the Axillary Surgical Management

Objective: Major international guidelines have not standardized the sequence of diagnostic examinations during the follow-up of a patient with a diagnosed breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of sonography in the diagnosis of loco-regional lymphatic recurrences in comparison to the core needle biopsy results. Materials and Methods: Among 6455 patients who were followed up with clinical examination, mammography and ultrasound between January 2004 and November 2011, 125 (1.93%) patients had to be investigated with a core needle biopsy of a sonographically suspicious loco-regional lymph node. Results: Among the whole series, a total of 142 ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies were performed. Follow-up for the primary tumor lasted for a median time of 6.1 years (range 1 - 27 years). Ultrasound of suspicious loco-regional lymph nodes showed a sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 87.1% and a positive predictive value of 89.5%. Conclusions: In our experience, ultrasound of suspicious loco-regional lymph nodes showed good accuracy and it should be a part of the standard examinations performed during follow-up for breast cancer.

Outcomes associated with the intention of loco-regional therapy prior to living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma

transplantation(LT)appears to be a logical approach to reduce the risk of tumor progression and dropout in the waitlist.Living donor LT(LDLT)offers a flexible timing for transplantation providing timeframe for well preparation of transplantation.AIM To investigate outcomes in relation to the intention of pre-transplantation locoregional therapy in LDLT for HCC patients.METHODS A total of 308 consecutive patients undergoing LDLTs for HCC between August 2004 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were grouped according to the intention of loco-regional therapy prior to LT,and outcomes of patients were analyzed and compared between groups.RESULTS Overall,38 patients(12.3%)were detected with HCC recurrence during the follow-up period after LDLT.Patients who were radiologically beyond the University of California at San Francisco criteria and received loco-regional therapy as down-staging therapy had significant inferior outcomes to other groups for both recurrence-free survival(RFS,P<0.0005)and overall survival(P=0.046).Moreover,patients with defined profound tumor necrosis(TN)by locoregional therapy had a superior RFS(5-year of 93.8%)as compared with others(P=0.010).CONCLUSION LDLT features a flexible timely transplantation for patient with HCC.However,the loco-regional therapy prior to LDLT does not seem to provide benefit unless a certain effect in terms of profound TN is noted.

品味墨西哥 布拉格Burrito Loco快餐店

墨西哥是一个多彩的国度,从饰品、挂件,到各类摆设,都将色彩发挥到了极致。Burrito Loco是一家墨西哥风情的连锁快餐店,并有着悠久的历史。餐厅的所有者希望设计师为这一连锁餐厅设计独有的装饰风格,将典型的墨西哥风情融入其中,在未来的连锁店铺内创造统一的风格符号。

Postoperative Analgesia for Abdominal Laparoscopic Surgery: Tap Block vs Peri-Orificial Infiltrations

Introduction/Purpose: The “transverse abdominal plane block” or TAP block was described by Rafi in 2001. It describes an approach to the neurofascial plane of the transverse abdominal muscle via the Jean-Louis Petit triangle and provides analgesia of the entire homolateral hemi abdomen. The aim of our study was to compare post-operative analgesia and post-operative morphine requirements between transverse abdominal plane block (TAP) and peri-orificial infiltration during laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Material and method: Prospective, randomized study conducted over a 2-year period. The study was conducted in the operating theatre of the Saint Louis Regional Hospital in Senegal. All adult patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery were included. Clinical aspects, pain scales and morphine consumption were analyzed. Results: A total of 60 patients were enrolled: 30 patients in the TAP group and 30 patients in the infiltration group. The average age was 32.9 years. The indications for laparoscopy were acute appendicitis in 50% of cases, gallbladder stones in 16% and inguinal hernia in 8%. For the TAP group, the mean numerical pain scale was 3.9 at 6 hours post-operatively and 2.1 at 24 hours post-operatively. For the infiltration group, the mean numerical pain scale was 4.3 at 6 hours post-op and 3 at 24 hours post-op. Morphine consumption at 6 hours post-op was on average 0.4 mg/patient for the TAP group and 0.9 mg/patient for the infiltration group. Discussion/conclusion: Analgesia provided by ultrasound-guided TAP block for laparoscopic abdominal surgery appears to be identical to periorificial infiltration. However, the simplicity and reproducibility of ultrasound-guided TAP block gives it a definite advantage.

0.5μm工艺CMOS有源像素传感器的总剂量辐射效应

采用60Co-γ射线对某国产0.5μm CMOS N阱工艺CMOS有源像素传感器(APS)的整体电路和像素单元结构进行了电离总剂量辐射效应研究,重点考察了器件的饱和输出信号、像素单元输出信号、暗信号等参数的变化规律。随着辐射剂量的增大,饱和输出信号逐渐减小且与像素单元饱和输出信号变化基本一致;暗信号随总剂量的增大而显著增大。研究结果表明,0.5μm工艺CMOS APS电离总剂量辐射效应引起参数退化的主要原因是光敏二极管周围的整个LOCOS(Local oxidation of silicon)隔离氧化层产生了大量的辐射感生电荷。

隔离技术对SOI PMOSFET中空穴迁移率的影响

在 SIMOX和 Smart- cut SOI衬底上采用 L OCOS和 MESA隔离技术制备了部分耗尽 PMOSFET,虽然 L O-COS隔离器件的阈值电压较小 ,但其跨导和空穴迁移率明显小于 MESA隔离器件 .模拟表明 ,L OCOS场氧生长过程中 ,由于 Si O2 体积膨胀 ,在硅膜中形成较大的压应力 ,从而降低了空穴的迁移率 .

局部复发性鼻咽癌的临床病理学特征

目的 探讨局部复发性鼻咽癌的临床病理学特征。方法 收集46例局部复发性鼻咽癌和63例原发性鼻咽癌活检组织,行HE染色、免疫组化、EBERs原位杂交检测。结果 局部复发性鼻咽癌中p63和CK5/6的强阳性表达率均高于原发性鼻咽癌（P=0.005和P=0.026）; Ki-67的强阳性表达率差异无显著性（P=0.387）; 组织坏死、炎性渗出和间质促纤维增生明显; 畸形瘤巨细胞多见,癌细胞鳞状分化程度更高。5例复发性鼻咽癌细胞EBERs原位杂交和LMP-1免疫组化标记均为阴性。结论（1）局部复发性鼻咽癌有2个复发间歇高峰,即2～5年和9～11年。（2）局部复发性鼻咽癌细胞p63和CK5/6强阳性表达率、鳞状分化程度更高,侵袭性更强。（3）10.87%（5/46）的局部复发性鼻咽癌细胞EBERs原位杂交和LMP-1免疫组化标记均为阴性。

基于线粒体Cytb基因和D-loop区序列的高邮湖湖鲚(Coilia nasus)遗传多样性分析

本研究利用线粒体细胞色素b(Cytb)基因和控制区(D-loop)序列作为分子标记,调查了高邮湖湖鲚(Coilia nasus)种群遗传多样性。结果显示,Cytb基因和D-loop区序列碱基A+T含量均高于G+C含量,显示碱基组成具有偏倚性。38条Cytb基因序列检出26个变异位点,定义13个单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.716±0.078和0.002 70±0.000 57;40条D-loop区序列检出53个变异位点,定义21个单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.906±0.034和0.006 27±0.000 99。13个Cytb基因单倍型之间的遗传距离在0.001~0.014之间,NJ系统进化树显示单倍型聚为1支;21个D-loop区单倍型之间的遗传距离在0.001~0.019之间,NJ系统进化树显示单倍型聚为2支。中性检测结果和歧点分布图均表明高邮湖湖鲚种群稳定,近期没有发生种群扩张。整体来看,高邮湖湖鲚种质资源遗传多样性水平较高,具有高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性的特征。

代理父母地位说:美国高校与学生法律关系的主导理论

代理父母地位说曾经一度是美国高校与学生关系的法律基础。据此,高等院校处于代理学生父母的位置上,拥有对学生行为广泛的管教和处罚权力。随着这一学说在20世纪60年代早期的消亡,高校与学生的关系性质发生了巨大变化。代理父母地位说的盛与衰对处于转型中的中国高等教育颇有启迪意义,文中所提及到的学生权利的伸张、高等学校在调整学校与学生关系方面所作出的努力、司法机构在解决高校与学生纠纷过程中的若干判例都会引发我国高教界同行更进一步的思考。

基于RSS正确性判定的矿井机车无线定位方法

实现矿井机车的定位,对矿井机车进行科学调度和实时控制,对于提高矿井生产效率、增强矿井安全生产水平具有重要意义。将基于WLAN的无线定位技术应用于矿井下,针对无线信号受到干扰而出现错误数据的情况,结合矿井巷道的一维线状特性和矿井WLAN部署方案,对传统的指纹识别定位算法进行改进,提出一种带有错误检测的矿井机车无线定位方法,使用AP信号强度的正确指数对采集到的信号强度进行正确性判定,从而提高定位精度。提出的算法相对于传统的指纹识别定位算法,仿真表明,平均定位精度提高了33%,实验表明,平均定位精度提高了32%。