Effect of tapping tools and date of tapping on Acacia polyacantha gum yield in South Kordofan State, Sudan

A study was conducted in South Kordofan, Sudan to determine the effect of tapping, tapping tools and date of tapping on the gum yield of Acacia polyacantha. A two-factor experiment was conducted for two seasons in 2008-2009. One location was used for two seasons and two locations for one season. The first factor （4 levels） was the tools of tapping： Makmak, Farrar, and Sonki, and the control which was not tapped. The second factor （2 levels） was the date of tapping that comprises mid October and mid November. These treatments were arranged in Randomaized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Gum yield （g/tree and g/ picking） was recorded for five pickings. Economic analysis was done using the partial budget technique. The results showed highly significant （p 〈 0.01） differences on gum yield （g/picking and g/tree）. The results indicated that the process of tapping increases gum production by 88.4% and 79.8% compared with un-tapped trees, respectively. The date of tapping has no significant effect on gum yield （g/tree and g/picking） of A. polyacantha. Tapping of the tree with Makmak in mid- November was found to be economically beneficial compared to using the other tools and the control. These results could identify a new source of income for the poor farmers in South Kordofan mainly because of the wild occurrence of Kakamut as a potential gum producing tree species grown naturally in the area.

青藏高原田鼠源多刺带绦虫囊尾蚴的鉴定及遗传进化分析

为鉴定我国青藏高原分离的田鼠源绦虫囊尾蚴的种类及其遗传进化特征,本研究通过对该囊尾蚴进行形态学观察,采用绦虫cox1基因通用引物,利用PCR扩增并测序,初步鉴定该囊尾蚴。形态学观察结果显示,该囊尾蚴为小型虫体,虫体背部和腹部稍扁平,长度约为200.0 mm,虫体横截面直径约为2.5 mm;虫体分为3部分:前端部分直径通常略小,中间部分表面为皱褶区域,约占整个虫体的一半,后端部分细长,相对光滑,有平行的横向凹陷;PCR结果显示,在约440 bp处出现与预期目的片段大小相符的条带,测序结果显示,该基因序列与多刺带绦虫(T.polyacantha)cox1基因序列(EU544581)的同源性高达97.0%。初步表明该囊尾蚴属于多刺带绦虫囊尾蚴。采用多刺带绦虫线粒体cox1、nad1和12S rRNA特异性基因引物经PCR进一步鉴定并测序。将3个基因测序结果与GenBank登录的多刺带绦虫的相应基因序列比对,分析它们之间的同源性,并构建这3个基因的进化树,分析它们之间的遗传进化关系。PCR结果显示,分别扩增到约390 bp(cox1)、480 bp(nad1)和240 bp(12S rRNA)的目的条带。同源性分析结果显示,3个基因序列与GenBank登录的多刺带绦虫相应基因序列的同源性最高分别达99.4%、98.7%和100.0%。进化树结果显示,该虫株的3个基因均与不同宿主的多刺带绦虫处于同一分支。本研究在国内首次鉴定到青藏高原田鼠源多刺带绦虫囊尾蚴,并分析其线粒体基因的同源性及遗传演化关系,为多刺带绦虫的分类、鉴定和种群遗传进化分析及分子流行病学调查等奠定了研究基础。