A nanocomposite of nickel oxide/carbon nanotubes was prepared through a simple chemical precipitation followed by thermal annealing. The electrochemical capacitance of this electrode material was studied. When the mas...A nanocomposite of nickel oxide/carbon nanotubes was prepared through a simple chemical precipitation followed by thermal annealing. The electrochemical capacitance of this electrode material was studied. When the mass fraction of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) in NiO/CNT composites increases, the electrical resistivity of nanocomposites decreases and becomes similar to that of pure CNTs when it reaches 30%. The specific surface area of composites increases with increasing CNT mass fraction and the specific capacitance reaches 160 F/g under 10 mA/g discharge current density at CNT mass fraction of 10%.展开更多
A new sol-gel process for the preparation of ultrafine nickel hydroxideelectrode materials was developed. The composite electrodes consisting of carbon nanotubes andNi(OH)_2 were developed by mixing the hydroxide and ...A new sol-gel process for the preparation of ultrafine nickel hydroxideelectrode materials was developed. The composite electrodes consisting of carbon nanotubes andNi(OH)_2 were developed by mixing the hydroxide and carbon nanotubes together in different massratios. In order to enhance energy density, a combined type pseudocapacitor/electric double layercapacitor was considered and its electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetryand dc charge/discharge test. The combined capacitor shows excellent capacitor behavior with anoperating voltage up to 1.6 V in KOH aqueous electrolyte. Stable charge/discharge behaviors wereobserved with much higher specific capacitance values of 24 F/g compared with that of EDLC (12 F/g)by introducing 60 percent Ni(0H)_2 in the anode material. By using the modified anode of aNi(OH)_2/carbon nanotubes composite electrode, the specific capacitance of the cell was lesssensitive to discharge current density compared with that of the capacitor employing pure nickelhydroxide as anode. The combined capacitor in this study exhibits high energy density and stablepower characteristics.展开更多
燃料电池阴极氧还原反应(ORR)的电子转移过程比较复杂,反应动力学缓滞,需要高效的电催化剂来加快反应速率。传统的贵金属铂基催化剂价格昂贵,因此亟需开发高性能、低成本的非贵金属催化剂作为替代材料。首先通过溶胶凝胶和热处理,得到...燃料电池阴极氧还原反应(ORR)的电子转移过程比较复杂,反应动力学缓滞,需要高效的电催化剂来加快反应速率。传统的贵金属铂基催化剂价格昂贵,因此亟需开发高性能、低成本的非贵金属催化剂作为替代材料。首先通过溶胶凝胶和热处理,得到了尺寸约为10 nm的氧化铈/镍复合纳米颗粒,然后通过催化甲烷热分解,得到了碳纳米管支撑的氧化铈/镍纳米材料。由于碳纳米管的形成,使催化剂与电解液的接触面积增加,并且改变了金属镍的电子结构,从而使其在碱性溶液中表现出较好的电催化氧还原活性,其循环伏安的氧还原峰电位约在-0.17 V和-0.51 V左右,氧还原极化曲线的开启电位约在-0.05 V vs. SCE。展开更多
Ni-doped phenol resin was prepared with 1∶100 mass ratio of Ni（ NO_3）_2·6H_2O to thermosetting phenol resin to optimize the structure and properties of pyrolytic carbon derived from phenol resin and increase i...Ni-doped phenol resin was prepared with 1∶100 mass ratio of Ni（ NO_3）_2·6H_2O to thermosetting phenol resin to optimize the structure and properties of pyrolytic carbon derived from phenol resin and increase its carbon yield. The specimens were cured at 200 ℃ and carbonized under different atmospheres（ carbon-embedded atmosphere and Ar atmosphere） and at different temperatures（ 600,800,1000 and 1200 ℃） for3 h,respectively. The carbon yield was measured. Thermal decomposition characteristics of Ni-doped phenol resin,and the oxidation resistance,phase composition and microstructure of pyrolytic carbon were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry,X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the carbon yield of Ni-doped phenol resin carbonized at800 or 1 000 ℃ is increased significantly,compared with that without any dopants. The graphitization degree of pyrolytic carbon structure derived from Ni-doped phenol resin increases with the increase of carbonization temperature. The massive multi-wall carbon nanotubes of 50-100 nm in diameter and of micrometre scale in length are generated at 1000 ℃. Compared with the carbonembedded atmosphere,carbon nanotubes can be more easily generated in Ar atmosphere,resulting in higher carbon yield and degree of crystallinity of the pyrolyticcarbon derived from Ni-doped phenol resin. The oxidation resistance of the pyrolytic carbon derived from Ni-doped phenol resin at 1200 ℃ is improved significantly and its highest oxidation temperature is increased by about 84℃,compared with that from Ni free phenol resin.展开更多
Lithium nickel manganese oxide spinel(Li Ni0.5-Mn1.5O4, LNMO) has attracted much attention as the cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and low cost. However, the short...Lithium nickel manganese oxide spinel(Li Ni0.5-Mn1.5O4, LNMO) has attracted much attention as the cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and low cost. However, the short cycle life and poor high-rate capability hinder its commercialization. In this study, we synthesized hollow spherical LNMO built from polyhedral particles. The LNMO hollow structure guarantees sufficient contact with electrolyte and rapid diffusion of lithium ions. To enhance the conductivity, we use carbon nanotubes(CNTs) to modify the surface of the cathode. After CNT modification, the LNMO hollow structure manifests outstanding cycling stability and high-rate capability. It delivers a discharge capacity of 127 m A h g-1 at 5 C, maintaining 104 m A h g-1 after 500 cycles. Even at a high rate of 20 C, a capacity of 121 m A h g-1 can be obtained. The excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the unique structure and the enhanced conductivity through CNT modification. It is demonstrated that the CNTmodified hollow spherical LNMO is a promising cathode for lithium ion batteries.展开更多
Fiber-based supercapacitors （FSCs） are new members of the energy storage family. They present excellent flexibility and have promising applications in lightweight, flexible, and wearable devices. One of the existing...Fiber-based supercapacitors （FSCs） are new members of the energy storage family. They present excellent flexibility and have promising applications in lightweight, flexible, and wearable devices. One of the existing challenges of FSCs is enhancing their energy density while retaining the flexibility. We developed a facile and cost-effective method to fabricate a highly capacitive positive electrode based on hierarchical ferric-cobalt-nickel ternary oxide nanowire arrays/graphene fibers and a negative electrode based on polyaniline-derived carbon nanorods/graphene fibers. The elegant microstructures and excellent electrochemical performances of both electrodes enabled us to construct a high- performance flexible asymmetric graphene fiber-based supercapacitor device with an operating voltage of 1.4 V, a specific capacitance up to 61.58 mF.cm-2, and an energy density reaching 16.76 μW·h·cm-2. Moreover, the optimal device presents an outstanding cycling stability with 87.5% initial capacitance retention after 8,000 cycles, and an excellent flexibility with a capacitance retention of 90.9% after 4,000 cycles of repetitive bending.展开更多
基金This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.50307009the Ministry of Science and Technology of South Korea through National Research Lab Program.
文摘A nanocomposite of nickel oxide/carbon nanotubes was prepared through a simple chemical precipitation followed by thermal annealing. The electrochemical capacitance of this electrode material was studied. When the mass fraction of CNTs (carbon nanotubes) in NiO/CNT composites increases, the electrical resistivity of nanocomposites decreases and becomes similar to that of pure CNTs when it reaches 30%. The specific surface area of composites increases with increasing CNT mass fraction and the specific capacitance reaches 160 F/g under 10 mA/g discharge current density at CNT mass fraction of 10%.
文摘A new sol-gel process for the preparation of ultrafine nickel hydroxideelectrode materials was developed. The composite electrodes consisting of carbon nanotubes andNi(OH)_2 were developed by mixing the hydroxide and carbon nanotubes together in different massratios. In order to enhance energy density, a combined type pseudocapacitor/electric double layercapacitor was considered and its electrochemical properties were characterized by cyclic voltammetryand dc charge/discharge test. The combined capacitor shows excellent capacitor behavior with anoperating voltage up to 1.6 V in KOH aqueous electrolyte. Stable charge/discharge behaviors wereobserved with much higher specific capacitance values of 24 F/g compared with that of EDLC (12 F/g)by introducing 60 percent Ni(0H)_2 in the anode material. By using the modified anode of aNi(OH)_2/carbon nanotubes composite electrode, the specific capacitance of the cell was lesssensitive to discharge current density compared with that of the capacitor employing pure nickelhydroxide as anode. The combined capacitor in this study exhibits high energy density and stablepower characteristics.
文摘燃料电池阴极氧还原反应(ORR)的电子转移过程比较复杂,反应动力学缓滞,需要高效的电催化剂来加快反应速率。传统的贵金属铂基催化剂价格昂贵,因此亟需开发高性能、低成本的非贵金属催化剂作为替代材料。首先通过溶胶凝胶和热处理,得到了尺寸约为10 nm的氧化铈/镍复合纳米颗粒,然后通过催化甲烷热分解,得到了碳纳米管支撑的氧化铈/镍纳米材料。由于碳纳米管的形成,使催化剂与电解液的接触面积增加,并且改变了金属镍的电子结构,从而使其在碱性溶液中表现出较好的电催化氧还原活性,其循环伏安的氧还原峰电位约在-0.17 V和-0.51 V左右,氧还原极化曲线的开启电位约在-0.05 V vs. SCE。
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51174152)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2012CB722702)
文摘Ni-doped phenol resin was prepared with 1∶100 mass ratio of Ni（ NO_3）_2·6H_2O to thermosetting phenol resin to optimize the structure and properties of pyrolytic carbon derived from phenol resin and increase its carbon yield. The specimens were cured at 200 ℃ and carbonized under different atmospheres（ carbon-embedded atmosphere and Ar atmosphere） and at different temperatures（ 600,800,1000 and 1200 ℃） for3 h,respectively. The carbon yield was measured. Thermal decomposition characteristics of Ni-doped phenol resin,and the oxidation resistance,phase composition and microstructure of pyrolytic carbon were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry,X-ray diffraction,energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the carbon yield of Ni-doped phenol resin carbonized at800 or 1 000 ℃ is increased significantly,compared with that without any dopants. The graphitization degree of pyrolytic carbon structure derived from Ni-doped phenol resin increases with the increase of carbonization temperature. The massive multi-wall carbon nanotubes of 50-100 nm in diameter and of micrometre scale in length are generated at 1000 ℃. Compared with the carbonembedded atmosphere,carbon nanotubes can be more easily generated in Ar atmosphere,resulting in higher carbon yield and degree of crystallinity of the pyrolyticcarbon derived from Ni-doped phenol resin. The oxidation resistance of the pyrolytic carbon derived from Ni-doped phenol resin at 1200 ℃ is improved significantly and its highest oxidation temperature is increased by about 84℃,compared with that from Ni free phenol resin.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB934103 and 2012CB933003)the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2013DFA50840)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51521001 and 51272197)the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(51425204)Hubei Province Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2014CFA035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2015-III-0322015-III-021)
文摘Lithium nickel manganese oxide spinel(Li Ni0.5-Mn1.5O4, LNMO) has attracted much attention as the cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and low cost. However, the short cycle life and poor high-rate capability hinder its commercialization. In this study, we synthesized hollow spherical LNMO built from polyhedral particles. The LNMO hollow structure guarantees sufficient contact with electrolyte and rapid diffusion of lithium ions. To enhance the conductivity, we use carbon nanotubes(CNTs) to modify the surface of the cathode. After CNT modification, the LNMO hollow structure manifests outstanding cycling stability and high-rate capability. It delivers a discharge capacity of 127 m A h g-1 at 5 C, maintaining 104 m A h g-1 after 500 cycles. Even at a high rate of 20 C, a capacity of 121 m A h g-1 can be obtained. The excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the unique structure and the enhanced conductivity through CNT modification. It is demonstrated that the CNTmodified hollow spherical LNMO is a promising cathode for lithium ion batteries.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R＆D Program of China （No. 2017YFB0406000）, the Key Research Program of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. QYZDB-SSW-SLH031）, the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China （Nos. BK20160399 and BK20140392）, the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Jiangsu Province （No. BA2016026）, the Postdoctoral Foundation of Jiangsu Province （No. 1601065B）, and the Science and Technology Project of Suzhou, China （Nos. SZS201508, ZXG201428, and ZXG201401）.
文摘Fiber-based supercapacitors （FSCs） are new members of the energy storage family. They present excellent flexibility and have promising applications in lightweight, flexible, and wearable devices. One of the existing challenges of FSCs is enhancing their energy density while retaining the flexibility. We developed a facile and cost-effective method to fabricate a highly capacitive positive electrode based on hierarchical ferric-cobalt-nickel ternary oxide nanowire arrays/graphene fibers and a negative electrode based on polyaniline-derived carbon nanorods/graphene fibers. The elegant microstructures and excellent electrochemical performances of both electrodes enabled us to construct a high- performance flexible asymmetric graphene fiber-based supercapacitor device with an operating voltage of 1.4 V, a specific capacitance up to 61.58 mF.cm-2, and an energy density reaching 16.76 μW·h·cm-2. Moreover, the optimal device presents an outstanding cycling stability with 87.5% initial capacitance retention after 8,000 cycles, and an excellent flexibility with a capacitance retention of 90.9% after 4,000 cycles of repetitive bending.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2010SCU22010)the National Basic Research Program of China(973Program,2011CB201202)~~
