Recently, hyperbranched polymers(HBPs), which differ significantly in structure and properties from linear, cross-linked and branched analogs, have become increasingly important. HBP have a spatial unloaded core and a...Recently, hyperbranched polymers(HBPs), which differ significantly in structure and properties from linear, cross-linked and branched analogs, have become increasingly important. HBP have a spatial unloaded core and a shell of branched monomer units(dendrons), in which functional groups are predominantly located in the surface layer. The size of macromolecules ranges from 2 nm to 100 nm. Currently, there are a fairly large number of publications in the literature devoted to the modification of hyperbranched polyester polyols with various functional groups and the assessment of the potential for their use. However, there are no review articles on this topic in recent years. In this regard, it is relevant to generalize the latest achievements in the field of synthesis, properties and application of hyperbranched polyester polyols with terminal oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur and organophosphorus fragments. The advantage of hyperbranched polyester polyols of the Boltorn H series is their industrial availability, biodegradability, nanoscale, non-toxicity and high solubility in various polar solvents due to short monomer units, as well as the presence of reactive terminal hydroxyl groups. Functionalization of hyperbranched polyester polyols at hydroxyl groups is mainly carried out by addition of acid anhydrides, iso(thio)cyanates, alkenes, lactides, lactones, lactams, epoxy compounds or reactions with halogenated compounds(alkyl halides, acid chlorides). In some cases, for the functionalization of polyester polyols special linkers are used, such as acid chlorides of unsaturated or dicarboxylic acids, diisocyanates, etc., which provide covalent bonding of the hyperbranched polymer with the target functional group. The obtained derivatives of hyperbranched polyesters are widely used in such areas as biomedicine, pharmacy, paints and varnishes, they are also used as catalysts, membranes, multifunctional coatings, plasticizers and polymer stabilizers.展开更多
文摘Recently, hyperbranched polymers(HBPs), which differ significantly in structure and properties from linear, cross-linked and branched analogs, have become increasingly important. HBP have a spatial unloaded core and a shell of branched monomer units(dendrons), in which functional groups are predominantly located in the surface layer. The size of macromolecules ranges from 2 nm to 100 nm. Currently, there are a fairly large number of publications in the literature devoted to the modification of hyperbranched polyester polyols with various functional groups and the assessment of the potential for their use. However, there are no review articles on this topic in recent years. In this regard, it is relevant to generalize the latest achievements in the field of synthesis, properties and application of hyperbranched polyester polyols with terminal oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur and organophosphorus fragments. The advantage of hyperbranched polyester polyols of the Boltorn H series is their industrial availability, biodegradability, nanoscale, non-toxicity and high solubility in various polar solvents due to short monomer units, as well as the presence of reactive terminal hydroxyl groups. Functionalization of hyperbranched polyester polyols at hydroxyl groups is mainly carried out by addition of acid anhydrides, iso(thio)cyanates, alkenes, lactides, lactones, lactams, epoxy compounds or reactions with halogenated compounds(alkyl halides, acid chlorides). In some cases, for the functionalization of polyester polyols special linkers are used, such as acid chlorides of unsaturated or dicarboxylic acids, diisocyanates, etc., which provide covalent bonding of the hyperbranched polymer with the target functional group. The obtained derivatives of hyperbranched polyesters are widely used in such areas as biomedicine, pharmacy, paints and varnishes, they are also used as catalysts, membranes, multifunctional coatings, plasticizers and polymer stabilizers.
