Recycling and depolymerization of waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles by alcohol alkali hydrolysis

In this work,a novel alcohol alkali hydrolysis method was explored for the preparation of terephthalic acid(TPA)from waste polyethylene terephthalate(PET).First,a series of single factor experiments on the depolymerization rate of waste PET bottles and the yield of TPA were conducted to determine the optimized experimental conditions,in terms of reaction time,reaction temperature,dosage of ethylene glycol and sodium bicarbonate,amount of distilled water and stirring rate.Then IR spectra and elemental analysis were carried out for the characterization of obtained product.Under optimal experimental conditions,over 98%PET can be depolymerized into the target product(TPA)and the purity and yield of TPA are over 97%and 94%,respectively.Both the experimental and analytical results support a feasible process for the preparation of TPA from waste PET.It is expected that this alcohol alkali hydrolysis method can promise an effective way for the sustainable recycling of waste PET.

Utilization of waste polyethylene terephthalate as a reducing agent in the reduction of iron ore composite pellets

The increasing consumption of plastics inevitably results in increasing amounts of waste plastics. Because of their long degradation periods, these wastes negatively affect the natural environment. Numerous studies have been conducted to recycle and eliminate waste plastics. The potential for recycling waste plastics in the iron and steel industry has been underestimated; the high C and H contents of plastics may make them suitable as alternative reductants in the reduction process of iron ore. This study aims to substitute plastic wastes for coal in reduction melting process and to investigate their performance during reduction at high temperature. We used a common type of waste plastic, polyethylene terephthalate （PET）, because of its high carbon and hydrogen contents. Composite pellets containing PET wastes, coke, and magnetite iron ore were reduced at selected temperatures of 1400 and 1450℃ for reduction time from 2 to 10 min to investigate the reduction melting behavior of these pellets. The results showed that an increased temperature and reduction time increased the reduction ratio of the pellets. The optimum experimental conditions for obtaining metallic iron （iron nuggets） were reduction at 1450℃ for 10 min using composite pellets containing 60% PET and 40% coke.

A Starch-Based Biodegradable Polyethylene for Municipal Solid Waste Mitigation

This work reports a method for reducing the longevity of the polymer content of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) in the environment. In this approach biodegradability was imparted on polyethylene, a popular, low-cost commodity polymer, using starch additives. Corn starch and cassava starch in varying proportions were compounded with suitably prepared polyethylene powder and compression-moulded in steel dies. Alongside tensile test, biodegradability tests were carried out by burying samples for 28 days in two different soil types with different pH, fungi and bacteria load. Cassava starch additions were found to be better at imparting biodegradability. Also, alkaline soil types with higher bacteria load seemed a more favourable environment for accomplishing biodegradation in the starch-polyethylene composites.

Adsorption and Kinetic Study of Activated Carbon Produced from Post-Consumer Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Wastes

Post-consumer polymeric wastes in form of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) can now be considered suitable as a precursor for the synthesis of low-cost activated carbon (AC). This study produced AC from LDPE using sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the activating agent. The reaction conditions for pyrolysis were varied in the range of 0.50 - 2.00 M, 400°C - 500°C, and 45 - 60 minutes. Physico-chemical investigations reveal that AC yield is significantly dependent on both carbonization temperatures and time. The obtained optimum values of 446.50°C and 51.09 mins gave a yield of 24% for the base-activated carbon. The high iodine numbers obtained strongly indicate the presence of large surface area and pore volumes is further confirmed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis which reveals the presence of pores on the external surface of the carbons. Fourier Transform Infrared Technique (FTIR) analysis further shows that the synthesized compounds are purely carbon with rich oxy-gen-surface complexes on the surface which is as a result of the introduction of the chemical oxidizing agents. The produced carbons were found to have high adsorption affinity for selected inorganic ions which are: Mn7+, Co2+, and Cr6+. Adsorption isotherm results show the adsorption process to be favourable with the Langmuir isotherm parameter RL having values of <1, while the Freudlich adsorption model was found to perfectly fit the data at selected adsorbent dosages and adsorbate concentrations. The pseu-do-second-order model provides the best correlation for the kinetic analysis. The acid-activated carbon was found to have better adsorption capacities than the base-activated carbon.

Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste on the Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Stabilized Laterite Bricks

The present work investigated the effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of cement-stabilized laterite bricks to see the durability of the modified bricks (CSLB). Samples were formulated by mixing laterite, cement, and different percentages of PET (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) by volume. The bricks were produced using the M7MI Hydraform standard interlocking block and kept in the shade for a curing period of 28 days. The addition of 3% to 5% PET to the laterite stabilized with 10% cement results in a decrease in both dry and wet compressive strength, which is determined using the Controlab compression machine. However, the obtained results are in concordance with the standards. The thermal conductivity of CSLB, determined using the box method with the EI700 measurement cell, decreases as the PET content of the mixture increases. A decrease in bulk density from 1.67 to 1.58 g/cm3 was observed.

HDPE与木屑热等离子体共蒸汽气化研究

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和木屑为研究对象,结合热力学分析和实验研究,探究等离子体气化过程中输入功率、HDPE质量分数以及水碳比(S/C)3种工况参数对氢气产率、合成气组分、氯的产物分布等影响规律,并基于吉布斯最小自由能原理进行热力学计算。模拟分析表明:输入功率由7.5 kW增至34.0 kW过程中,氢气占比在20 kW(对应温度为800℃)时达到最大值59%;随着原料中HDPE质量分数由0增至100%,氢气占比由65%减少至56%;S/C为0时,氢气占比最高(80%),随着S/C由0增至3.0,氢气占比呈现不断减小的趋势;氯在气相中产物主要以KCl(g)、(KCl)_(2)(g)为主。实验研究表明:输入功率、HDPE质量分数和S/C对产氢量的影响趋势与热力学分析一致,在输入功率为22 kW、HDPE质量分数为80%、S/C为1.0时,最优产氢量分别达到1.52、1.51、1.38 m^(3)/kg。氯的气相占比分别在功率为22 kW、HDPE质量分数为20%、S/C为1.4时达到最高。通过对比实验结果验证了热力学模拟对等离子体气化产物特性进行定性定量分析的潜力,探索了采用热力学计算模拟生物质和HDPE等离子体共气化的可行性,并可为等离子体气化的操作优化和氯控制提供借鉴。

Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Polyethylene Terephthalate(PET)Plastic Waste and Its Application for Removal of Organic Dyes from Water

Synthetic plastics are often considered to be materials that cannot be broken down by natural processes.One such plastic,polyethylene terephthalate(PET),is commonly used in everyday items but when these products are discarded,they can cause serious harm to the environment and human health.In this study,PET plastic waste was used to create activated carbon using a physical activation process that involved using CO2 gas.The researchers investigated the effects of different temperatures,carbonization,and activation times on the resulting activated carbon’s surface area.The activated carbon was then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),FTIR,and BET.The activated carbon created from PET plastic waste showed excellent absorption properties for methylene blue in aqueous solutions across a wide range of pH levels.By creating activated carbon from plastic waste,not only are environmental issues addressed,but high-value activated carbon is produced for environmental remediation purposes.

MOF synthesis using waste PET for applications of adsorption, catalysis and energy storage

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as one of non-degradable wastes has become a huge threat to the environment and human health.Chemical Recycle of PET is a sustainable way to release 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC) the monomer of PET as common used organiclinker for synthesis of functional Metal–organic-frameworks (PET-derived MOFs) such as UiO-66, MIL-101, etc. This sustainable and costeffective“Waste-to-MOFs” model is of great significant to be intensively investigated in the past years. Attributes of substantial porosity, specificsurface area, exposed metal centers, uniform structure, and flexible morphology render PET-derived MOFs are well-suited for applications inadsorption, energy storage, catalysis, among others. Herein, in the present work, we have summarized recent advances in synthesis of PETderived MOFs using ex-situ and in-situ methods for typical applications of adsorption, catalysis and energy storage. Despite those improvementsin synthesis methods and potential applications, challenges still remain in development of green and economical routes to fully utilize waste PETfor massive manufacture of valuable MOF materials and chemicals. This review provides insights into the conversion of non-degradable PETwaste to value-added MOF materials, and further suggests promising perspectives to develop the sustainable “Waste-to-MOFs” model inaddressing environmental pollution and energy crises.

Multifunctional HDPE/Cu biocidal nanocomposites for MEX additive manufactured parts: Perspectives for the defense industry

In this study, we investigated the performance improvement caused by the addition of copper(Cu)nanoparticles to high-density polyethylene(HDPE) matrix material. Composite materials, with filler percentages of 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0 wt% were synthesized through the material extrusion(MEX)3D printing technique. The synthesized nanocomposite filaments were utilized for the manufacturing of specimens suitable for the experimental procedure that followed. Hence, we were able to systematically investigate their tensile, flexural, impact, and microhardness properties through various mechanical tests that were conducted according to the corresponding standards. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy was used to investigate the electrical/dielectric properties of the composites. Moreover, by employing means of Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) we were also able to further investigate their vibrational, structural, and thermal properties. Concomitantly, means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), as well as atomic force microscopy(AFM), were used for the examination of the morphological and structural characteristics of the synthesized specimens, while energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy(EDS) was also performed in order to receive a more detailed picture on the structural characteristics of the various synthesized composites. The corresponding nanomaterials were also assessed for their antibacterial properties regarding Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia coli(E. coli) with the assistance of a method named screening agar well diffusion. The results showed that the mechanical properties of HDPE benefited from the utilization of Cu as a filler, as they showed a notable improvement. The specimen of HDPE/Cu 4.0 wt% was the one that presented the highest levels of reinforcement in four out of the seven tested mechanical properties(for example, it exhibited a 36.7%improvement in the flexural strength, compared to the pure matrix). At the same time, the nanocomposites were efficient against the S. aureus bacterium and less efficient against the E. coli bacterium.The use of such multi-functional, robust nanocomposites in MEX 3D printing is positively impacting applications in various fields, most notably in the defense and security sectors. The latter becomes increasingly important if one takes into account that most firearms encompass various polymeric parts that require robustness and improved mechanical properties, while at the same time keeping the risk of spreading various infectious microorganisms at a bare minimum.

HDPE管内衬盾构隧道复合式衬砌结构极限承载力试验研究

为研究采用HDPE双壁缠绕管作为内衬的盾构隧道复合衬砌结构的破坏机理,依托桃浦污水处理厂初期雨水调蓄工程涉铁段排水隧道工程,开展整环足尺试验研究,得到如下结论:(1)复合衬砌结构破坏过程经历协调变形阶段和各自承载阶段,弹性极限点为顶底部纵缝处界面的剥离脱开,各纵缝及管片本体相继发生破坏,纵缝处填充层混凝土发生拉剪或压剪破坏;(2)复合衬砌结构的薄弱位置为各纵缝处的界面及填充层混凝土,其中顶部和腰部纵缝处最为薄弱;(3)复合衬砌结构不同位置纵缝处的界面破坏和填充层破坏形态均源自于纵缝转动变形导致刚度差异引起的界面应力和填充层应力突变。

HDPE/EUG弯曲样条的受热形状回复行为

用挤出机将高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)与杜仲胶(EUG)进行熔融共混,研究了共混比对HDPE/EUG的熔融、结晶和热力学性能及弯曲形状回复性能的影响。结果表明,随着HDPE中EUG含量的增加,结晶峰向低温方向移动,而HDPE含量的增加诱导EUG结晶温度提高。当二次升温时,当HDPE中的EUG添加量增大时,熔融峰向高温偏移,当HDPE的含量增大时,EUG的熔融峰向低温偏移。热力学测试和弯曲样品受热回复过程中,变形呈现3个温度区间分别为低温慢速区、中温快速回复区和高温下中速回复区。随着EUG含量的增加,区间转变向低温偏移,这是由于,低熔点EUG更容易发生受热活化回复现象,因此,调整共混比例可以控制形状回复速度,回复程度随加热温度而改变。

木粉/HDPE复合材料的力学性能与流动性能

用木粉与高密度聚乙烯 (HDPE)复合制备了能代替木材的复合材料。考察了木粉含量、粒度、界面相容剂用量对复合材料力学性能、流动性的影响。结果表明 ,复合材料的弯曲强度随木粉含量的增加而提高 ,冲击强度随木粉含量的增加而下降 ;弯曲强度随木粉粒度减小显著降低 ,而冲击强度先有所升高而后降低 ;界面相容剂能有效改善材料的性能 ,其较佳用量约为 5 % (质量分数 )

HDPE管道修复技术在大港南部油田的应用

介绍了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)管道修复技术的原理、性能特点、施工工艺,结合大港南部油田应用实践,分析了其对油田集输管道、供水管道修复的适用性和经济性。该技术很好地解决了腐蚀泄漏严重的旧管道修复利用问题,不仅延长了管道使用寿命、节省了大量管道更换费用,而且可以实现不停产在线修复。同时总结了该技术的优势,提出了改进建议。

废胶粉/HDPE热塑性弹性体的制备研究

考察了废胶粉粒径和用量、共混时间、温度以及EVA用量对废胶粉/高密度聚乙烯(WRP/HDPE)力学性能的影响。获得了制备性能良好的WRP/HDPE共混物的条件为:WRP/HDPE的质量比为50/25、共混时间为22 min、共混温度为170℃以及EVA用量为总质量的23%。共混材料的微观结构研究结果表明,EVA的加入增强了共混物之间的界面结合力,提高了共混物的物理机械性能。力学性能的研究表明,该共混材料可作为热塑弹性体使用。

塑料基体中MAPE/HDPE比例对木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)共混物为塑料基体,以木粉为填料,用注塑成型法制备木塑复合材料,研究MAPE/HDPE质量比变化对塑料基体和木塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:MAPE/HDPE比变化对MAPE/HDPE共混形成的塑料基体强度基本没有影响,但对由该共混物所制得的木塑复合材料的强度影响显著;在相同的木粉含量下,保持配方中MAPE和HDPE的总含量不变,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度随MAPE/HDPE比率增大先迅速增加,然后趋于平缓,冲击强度随MAPE/HDPE比增大逐渐减小。

HDPE土工膜长期性能稳定性的研究进展

垃圾填埋场底部高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)土工膜会因氧化降解而使防渗性能降低,对环境带来二次污染风险,因此,HDPE膜的长期稳定性是值得关注的问题,但国内相关研究甚少。HDPE膜的降解过程可分为3个阶段,主要受自身性质、温度、接触介质和衬垫结构等因素的影响。文章重点综述了国外研究HDPE膜长期稳定性的试验方法,归纳了相关的数学模型,并根据存在的问题提出了建议。室内试验一般采用老化试验,包括浸泡试验和模拟试验,二者均能加快HDPE膜的老化进程。前者一般将试样完全浸泡于研究介质中试验,试验值较为保守;后者将样品置于模拟的衬垫构造中试验,结果更接近实际。数学模型采用Arrhenius模型,精度和所需参数取决于老化试验,现阶段大部分计算结果较片面,完善试验是后续工作的重点。

聚乙烯蜡表面改性及对木粉/HDPE复合材料性能影响

利用过氧化物作为引发剂,把马来酸酐接枝到聚乙烯蜡上。接枝前后聚乙烯蜡的红外光谱变化证实了接枝反应的发生。与未改性的聚乙烯蜡相比,改性后聚乙烯蜡填充木粉/HDPE复合材料的平衡扭矩和力学性能提高,其拉伸、弯曲、冲击强度分别提高71%、47%和70%,但随着改性聚乙烯蜡添加量的增加,材料的力学性能又有所下降。扫描电镜照片显示改性聚乙烯蜡填充的复合材料,木粉在基体中分散均匀,界面结合良好。

HDPE双管圆形深海抗风浪网箱的研制

通过网箱结构的对比分析、材料选择和网箱模型试验,并针对进口网箱在我国海区使用中存在的问题,采用自主开发的HDPE网箱框架专用管材和六边形网目尼龙网衣,在网箱结构设计和制作技术上进行了多项创新性改进,自行研制了HDPE双管圆形结构的抗风浪网箱.波浪水槽模型试验表明,网箱抗浪能力可达7 m波高以上,在原型流速102.9 cm/s时,网箱容积损失率约为19.8%.研制的周长50 m,水体2 000 m3的试验网箱,经两年海区养殖验证,经历8～9级大风38次,10级以上大风3次,最大流速72 cm/s,网箱系统和养殖鱼类安全.

HDPE/活性炭颗粒相变材料的制备及其性能研究

以活性炭颗粒(ACG)为骨架材料、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为相变材料,采用物理共混法制备了一种固-固相变材料。用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、高温综合热分析仪对所得相变材料进行了表征。结果表明,当ACG质量分数高于15%时,所得复合物宏观上表现为固-固相变;加入活性炭颗粒,可提高材料的热稳定性。

废纸浆增强HDPE复合材料的力学性能

将废旧瓦楞纸板粉碎制浆,与高密度聚乙烯通过注塑成型制备废纸浆/HDPE复合材料。研究了废纸浆含量,相容剂HDPE-g-MAH和LDPE-g-GMA,加工助剂S-105、TKM-M80和Deoflow A对废纸浆/HDPE复合材料力学性能的影响,通过扫描电镜SEM分析了复合材料的冲击断面,结果表明,HDPE-g-MAH和TKM-M80共同增容的废纸浆/HDPE复合材料的力学性能得到明显提升。SEM电镜分析表明,经HDPE-g-MAH和TKM-M80增容后的复合材料,纸浆纤维和HDPE界面模糊,相容性很好。