This article investigates one of the last polygamous families in modern China,the household of Yuan Shikai,who was the first president of the Republic of China.Before his presidency,Yuan was a prominent reformer and h...This article investigates one of the last polygamous families in modern China,the household of Yuan Shikai,who was the first president of the Republic of China.Before his presidency,Yuan was a prominent reformer and high-ranking official in the late Qing Empire.Although he implemented numerous influential progressive reforms to promote China's modernization,he himself led a traditional private life within his own home:He married ten women,built himself a large harem,and fathered thirty-two children.This article explores Yuan's polygamous marriages by revealing the characteristics of his marital life,probing the styles of his nuptial experience,and examining his approach of managing his family.Through this study,we can see another aspect of China's transformation from tradition to modernity,along w让h its national transformation from empire to republic.Therefore,this study help us not only explore the long-relinquished old-style marriage system and uncover a long forgotten system of spousal union,but also unmask the role of polygamy in shaping the lives of Chinese social and political elites before its final abolition in the early 20th century.展开更多
The genus Schinus(Anacardiaceae)comprises about 29 species that are utilized in both traditional and current medicine to alleviate various disorders such as rheumatism,bronchial infections,stomach upset,menstrual dist...The genus Schinus(Anacardiaceae)comprises about 29 species that are utilized in both traditional and current medicine to alleviate various disorders such as rheumatism,bronchial infections,stomach upset,menstrual disturbance,bronchitis,and conjunctivitis.In this study we aimed to investigate the chemical composition of hexane extracts obtained from Schinus polygamous and Schinus terebinthifolius leaves as well as their cytotoxic and anti-arthritic activities.The GC-MS analysis of S.polygamus leaves revealed identification of fifty-five components:being betulin(6.54%),phytol acetate(5.27%),lupeol(3.96%),palmitic acid methyl ester(3.58%)and heptacosane(3.25%).While,seventeen compounds were identified in S.terebinthifolius leaves,predominately characterized by phytol(14.70%),lupeol(13.33%),linolenic acid methyl ester(11.17%),palmitic acid methyl ester(7.74%),and 28-oxours-12-en-3-yl acetate(7.44%).Both extracts showed moderate cytotoxic activities against hepatocellular carcinoma cells with IC_(50) values of 102.65 and 65.55μg/mL,respectively.While colorectal carcinoma cell line presented IC_(50) values of 217.78 and 83.55μg/mL,respectively.Further,both extracts provided moderate anti-arthritic effects(IC_(50):80.12 and 63.09μg/mL,respectively)using protein denaturation test,compared to diclofenac sodium(IC_(50)=15.12μg/mL).展开更多
文摘This article investigates one of the last polygamous families in modern China,the household of Yuan Shikai,who was the first president of the Republic of China.Before his presidency,Yuan was a prominent reformer and high-ranking official in the late Qing Empire.Although he implemented numerous influential progressive reforms to promote China's modernization,he himself led a traditional private life within his own home:He married ten women,built himself a large harem,and fathered thirty-two children.This article explores Yuan's polygamous marriages by revealing the characteristics of his marital life,probing the styles of his nuptial experience,and examining his approach of managing his family.Through this study,we can see another aspect of China's transformation from tradition to modernity,along w让h its national transformation from empire to republic.Therefore,this study help us not only explore the long-relinquished old-style marriage system and uncover a long forgotten system of spousal union,but also unmask the role of polygamy in shaping the lives of Chinese social and political elites before its final abolition in the early 20th century.
文摘The genus Schinus(Anacardiaceae)comprises about 29 species that are utilized in both traditional and current medicine to alleviate various disorders such as rheumatism,bronchial infections,stomach upset,menstrual disturbance,bronchitis,and conjunctivitis.In this study we aimed to investigate the chemical composition of hexane extracts obtained from Schinus polygamous and Schinus terebinthifolius leaves as well as their cytotoxic and anti-arthritic activities.The GC-MS analysis of S.polygamus leaves revealed identification of fifty-five components:being betulin(6.54%),phytol acetate(5.27%),lupeol(3.96%),palmitic acid methyl ester(3.58%)and heptacosane(3.25%).While,seventeen compounds were identified in S.terebinthifolius leaves,predominately characterized by phytol(14.70%),lupeol(13.33%),linolenic acid methyl ester(11.17%),palmitic acid methyl ester(7.74%),and 28-oxours-12-en-3-yl acetate(7.44%).Both extracts showed moderate cytotoxic activities against hepatocellular carcinoma cells with IC_(50) values of 102.65 and 65.55μg/mL,respectively.While colorectal carcinoma cell line presented IC_(50) values of 217.78 and 83.55μg/mL,respectively.Further,both extracts provided moderate anti-arthritic effects(IC_(50):80.12 and 63.09μg/mL,respectively)using protein denaturation test,compared to diclofenac sodium(IC_(50)=15.12μg/mL).
