Middle-phase microemulsions of green surfactant alkyl polyglucosides

The microemulsion behavior in the quaternary system alkyl polyglucoside (C8G1.46 , C10G1.54)/1-butanol/cyclohexane/water has been studied at 40℃ with the alcohol concentration scanning and the fishlike phase diagram methods. Increasing d at a constant causes a phase inversion from an oil-in-water microemulsion in contact with excess oil (Winsor I or 2 ) to a wa-ter-in-oil microemulsion in contact with excess water (Winsor II or 2) via a middle-phase microe-mulsion in contact with excess oil and water (Winsor III or 3). By using the simple mass balance equation and the HLB plane equation, the mass fraction of 1-butanol in the interfacial layer, S s2, the monomeric solubilities of APG and 1-butanol, S1 and S2, in the oil phase, and the mass frac-tions of APG and 1-butanol in the interfacial layer (C1 and C2 ) have been calculated, respectively. The effects of different alcohols, aqueous media and oils on the phase behavior and the composi-tion of the interfacial layer are also investigated. It is found that the alcohols with longer hydrocar-bon chain, oil molecules with smaller molecular volume and the addition of inorganic salt can in-crease the solubilization of the microemulsions .

Kinetics of the Esterification Reaction Catalyzed by Lipase in W/O Microemulsions of Alkyl Polyglucoside

A novel kinetic mechanism of esterification reaction of 1-hexanoic acid with 1-butanol, catalyzed by lipase, was studied in water-in-oil microemulsions. The microemulsions were formed by alkyl polyglucoside C10G1.54/1-butanol / cyclohexane/phosphate buffer solution. The result shows that when the ratio of mol concentration of 1-butanol to 1-hexanoic acid is about 3.0, the initial rate V0 get the maximum values. This phenomenon was explained by the modified fishlike phase diagrams.

Studies on Phase Behavior of Alkyl Polyglucoside Based on Microemulsions with Modified Fishlike Phase Diagram

The three-phase behavior in the quaternary system of an alkyl (C8/10- or C12/14-) polyglucoside / 1-butanol / n-octane / water has been studied at 40 ℃ with the modified fishlike phase diagram, which is presented by us for the first time. The mass fraction of 1-butanol in the hydrophile-lipophile balanced interfacial layer, AS, the coordinates of the start point B and the end point E of the phase diagram, and the solubilities of alkyl polyglucoside and 1-butanol in n-octane phase were calculated. The solubilization of the microemulsion was also discussed.

Adsorption Kinetics of Alkyl Polyglucoside at the Air-Solution Interface

The air-solution equilibrium tension ge and dynamic surface tension gt, of nonionic surfactant alkyl polyglucoside have been studied. ge was measured by the Wilhelmy method with Krüss K12 tensiometer. The CMC and the surface excesses Γwere determined from the surface tension vs. concentration curve. The gt decays were measured in the range 0.2～20 s using a maximum bubble pressure instrument and analyzed with the Ward and Tordai equation.

Studies on Middle-Phase Microemulsions of Green Surfactant n-Dodecyl Polyglucoside C_(12)G_(1.46)

The three-phase behavior in the quaternary system of n-dodecyl polyglucosideC_(12)G_(1.46)/1-butanol/cyclohexane/water has been studied at 40℃ in terms of the variables γ andδ. Increasing δ at constant γ causes a phase inversion from an oil-in-water microemulsion incontact with excess oil (winsor Ⅰ or 2) to a water-in-oil microemulsion in contact with excesswater (winsor Ⅱ or 2) via a middle-phase microemulsion in contact with excess oil and water (winsorⅢ or 3). By taking into account the different solubilities of alkyl pdyglucoside and 1-butanol inthe oil phase, the composition of the hydrophile-lipophile balanced interfacial film in the middleof the three-phase body can be calculated. The effects of different oils and aqueous media on thephase behavior and on the composition of the interfacial film and the efficiency for alkyipolyglucoside to make equal weights of water and oil to a single phase were investigated. It wasfound that the oil molecules with small molecular volumes can improve the solubilizing efficiency ofthe surfactant to form single-phase microemulsion. In inorganic salt (NaCl) and acid (HCl)solutions, less 1-butanol is needed than that in alkali (NaOH) solution to form middle-phasemicroemulsion.

Treatment of Purpuric Nephritisin Children with Tripterygium Wilfordii Polyglucoside and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae

This study deals with the data of Tripterygium Wilfordii polyglucoside (1 mg/kg·day)combined with Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (6 - 15 g/d) in the treatment of purpuric nephritis, comparedwith a control group using Tripterygium Wilfordii polyglucoside treatment only. The average time of ede-mad-isappearance and blood pressure-resumption to a normal range were 8. 72 ± 3. 07 and 7. 44 ± 5. 17days in the test group, which was much better than in the control group (P<0. 05) . The average time ofhematuria-disappearance in the test group and the control group were 36. 37 ± 11. 50 and 47. 73 ± 14. 03days respectively. The average time for C3 levels in the urine to resume to normal in the test group and thecontrol group were 40. 33±4. 51 and 50. 00±5. 30 days respectively (P<0.01) . The time for microcircu-lation of nail fold to return to normal after treatment in the test group and the control group were 39. 00±11. 03 and 66. 00± 9. 01 days respectively (P<0. 001) . These results indicate the effect on the test groupwas much better than that on the control group.