为了抑制机车四象限脉冲整流器在网侧产生的高频谐波,防止车网发生高次谐波共振,提出一种基于二阶广义积分器锁相环SOGI-PLL(second-order generalized integral phase-locked loop)载波移相控制策略。将锁相环输出的电网相位作为同步...为了抑制机车四象限脉冲整流器在网侧产生的高频谐波,防止车网发生高次谐波共振,提出一种基于二阶广义积分器锁相环SOGI-PLL(second-order generalized integral phase-locked loop)载波移相控制策略。将锁相环输出的电网相位作为同步基准信号,针对网压频率异常波动,快速同步校正PWM载波周期,保证了各单元之间移相角的准确性,获得最优谐波对消效果。同时,该策略对电网谐波和幅值异常跳变不敏感,具有良好的抗干扰性和自适应性。最后通过半实物仿真和地面联调试验,验证了该策略的可行性和对谐波抑制的有效性。展开更多
A novel antibacterial material （L-PET） was prepared by immobilizing ε-polylysine on polyethylene terephthalate （PET） nonwoven fabrics. Surface modifications of the fabric were performed by using a chemical modifi...A novel antibacterial material （L-PET） was prepared by immobilizing ε-polylysine on polyethylene terephthalate （PET） nonwoven fabrics. Surface modifications of the fabric were performed by using a chemical modification procedure where carboxyl groups were prepared on the PET surface, a coupling agent was grafted, and the ε-polylysine was immobilized. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was used to analyze the surface morphology of the fabrics, while the toluidine blue method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） were used to evaluate the grafting densities. The antibacterial activities of the L-PET were investigated by using the shaking-flask method. The electron micrographs showed that the surface of the blank PET and the modified fabrics did not change. The results of XPS analysis confirmed that ε-polylysine was successfully grafted onto the surface of PET. The results of the antibacterial experiments showed that L-PET fabrics had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and that L-PET fabrics were stable in storage for at least two years.展开更多
同步参考坐标系锁相环是高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)同步触发控制系统中广泛应用的一种窄带宽锁相环,在交流系统故障引起相位跳变情况下,其动态响应缓慢。为增大锁相环的带宽,一种滑动平均滤波器(moving average filter...同步参考坐标系锁相环是高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)同步触发控制系统中广泛应用的一种窄带宽锁相环,在交流系统故障引起相位跳变情况下,其动态响应缓慢。为增大锁相环的带宽,一种滑动平均滤波器(moving average filter,MAF)被前置于锁相环路,然而MAF本身存在响应延迟,制约了锁相环的同步速度。为了缓解响应延迟问题,文中提出一种考虑MAF延时和前馈补偿的HVDC快速锁相环。首先,利用MAF线性暂态特征预测相位变化,并分别针对故障接入和切除引起的相位跳变问题提出不同的补偿策略;接着,利用不变性原理对锁相环路进行前馈补偿,在负反馈控制和前馈补偿共同构成的复合校正控制系统的作用下,锁相环能够在较小PI参数下实现快速响应;最后,将所提快速锁相环在CIGRE HVDC标准模型和三峡—上海直流工程模型中进行仿真验证。结果表明,该快速锁相环能够有效缓解滤波器响应延迟的制约,缩短失锁时间,进而提高高压直流逆变侧抵御换相失败的能力。展开更多
文摘为了抑制机车四象限脉冲整流器在网侧产生的高频谐波,防止车网发生高次谐波共振,提出一种基于二阶广义积分器锁相环SOGI-PLL(second-order generalized integral phase-locked loop)载波移相控制策略。将锁相环输出的电网相位作为同步基准信号,针对网压频率异常波动,快速同步校正PWM载波周期,保证了各单元之间移相角的准确性,获得最优谐波对消效果。同时,该策略对电网谐波和幅值异常跳变不敏感,具有良好的抗干扰性和自适应性。最后通过半实物仿真和地面联调试验,验证了该策略的可行性和对谐波抑制的有效性。
基金Funded by the National Major Science & Technology Specific Projects (2009ZX10004-703)
文摘A novel antibacterial material （L-PET） was prepared by immobilizing ε-polylysine on polyethylene terephthalate （PET） nonwoven fabrics. Surface modifications of the fabric were performed by using a chemical modification procedure where carboxyl groups were prepared on the PET surface, a coupling agent was grafted, and the ε-polylysine was immobilized. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was used to analyze the surface morphology of the fabrics, while the toluidine blue method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） were used to evaluate the grafting densities. The antibacterial activities of the L-PET were investigated by using the shaking-flask method. The electron micrographs showed that the surface of the blank PET and the modified fabrics did not change. The results of XPS analysis confirmed that ε-polylysine was successfully grafted onto the surface of PET. The results of the antibacterial experiments showed that L-PET fabrics had excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and that L-PET fabrics were stable in storage for at least two years.
文摘同步参考坐标系锁相环是高压直流(high voltage direct current,HVDC)同步触发控制系统中广泛应用的一种窄带宽锁相环,在交流系统故障引起相位跳变情况下,其动态响应缓慢。为增大锁相环的带宽,一种滑动平均滤波器(moving average filter,MAF)被前置于锁相环路,然而MAF本身存在响应延迟,制约了锁相环的同步速度。为了缓解响应延迟问题,文中提出一种考虑MAF延时和前馈补偿的HVDC快速锁相环。首先,利用MAF线性暂态特征预测相位变化,并分别针对故障接入和切除引起的相位跳变问题提出不同的补偿策略;接着,利用不变性原理对锁相环路进行前馈补偿,在负反馈控制和前馈补偿共同构成的复合校正控制系统的作用下,锁相环能够在较小PI参数下实现快速响应;最后,将所提快速锁相环在CIGRE HVDC标准模型和三峡—上海直流工程模型中进行仿真验证。结果表明,该快速锁相环能够有效缓解滤波器响应延迟的制约,缩短失锁时间,进而提高高压直流逆变侧抵御换相失败的能力。
