The Research of Polymer Film-Forming Plugging Agent for Drilling Fluid

In order to improve the plugging and anti-collapse performance of water-based drilling fluid,a polymer film-forming plugging agent LWFD is synthesized by emulsion polymerization.The effect of the agent on rheology,API filtration loss,lubricity and film plugging of polymer drilling fluid and cationic drilling fluid is evaluated in laboratory.The experimental results show that the agent has little effect on the rheology and filtration loss of polymer drilling fluid and cationic drilling fluid,and can improve the lubricity of drilling fluid.The synthesized polymer film-forming plugging agent LWFD has good plugging properties for sand discs with different permeabilities,and the agent can effectively improve the film-forming plugging and temperature resistance of drilling fluid when combined with the inorganic nano-plugging agent NMFD.The high performance polymer drilling fluid formed by introducing polymer film-forming plugging agent LWFD and inorganic nano-plugging agent NMFD into polymer drilling fluid has comparable performance as Halliburton’s SHALEDRIL high performance drilling fluid,which can meet the requirements of on-site drilling and has application value.

Interfacial reinforcement of core-shell HMX@energetic polymer composites featuring enhanced thermal and safety performance

The weak interface interaction and solid-solid phase transition have long been a conundrum for 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane(HMX)-based polymer-bonded explosives(PBX).A two-step strategy that involves the pretreatment of HMX to endow—OH groups on the surface via polyalcohol bonding agent modification and in situ coating with nitrate ester-containing polymer,was proposed to address the problem.Two types of energetic polyether—glycidyl azide polymer(GAP)and nitrate modified GAP(GNP)were grafted onto HMX crystal based on isocyanate addition reaction bridged through neutral polymeric bonding agent(NPBA)layer.The morphology and structure of the HMX-based composites were characterized in detail and the core-shell structure was validated.The grafted polymers obviously enhanced the adhesion force between HMX crystals and fluoropolymer(F2314)binder.Due to the interfacial reinforcement among the components,the two HMX-based composites exhibited a remarkable increment of phase transition peak temperature by 10.2°C and 19.6°C with no more than 1.5%shell content,respectively.Furthermore,the impact and friction sensitivity of the composites decreased significantly as a result of the barrier produced by the grafted polymers.These findings will enhance the future prospects for the interface design of energetic composites aiming to solve the weak interface and safety concerns.

Rheological property of low-damage,ideal packing,film-forming amphoteric/sulfonation polymer drilling fluids

Low-permeability dense reservoirs,including micro-fractured reservoirs,are commonly characterized by high content of clay substances,high original water saturation,high sensitivity to invasive fluids,high capillary pressure,complicated structure and anisotropic,high flow-resistance and micro pore throats etc,.Generally they also have lots of natural micro fractures,probably leading to stress sensibility.Main damaging factors in such reservoirs are water-sensibility and water-blocking caused by invasive fluids during drilling and production operations.Once damaged,formation permeability can rarely recovered.Numerous studies have shown that damaging extent of water-blocking ranges from 70% to 90%.Main damaging mechanisms and influencing factors of water-blocking were systematically analyzed.Also some feasible precaution or treating approaches of water-blocking were put forward.In a laboratory setting,a new multi-functional drilling fluid composed mainly of amphion polymer,sulfonation polymer,high effectively preventive water-blocking surfactants,ideal packing temporary bridging agents(TBA) and film-forming agents,etc.,were developed.New low-damage drilling fluids has many advantages,such as good rheological properties,excellent effectiveness of water-blocking prevention,good temporary plugging effect,low filtration and ultra-low permeability(API filtration≤5 mL,HTHP filtration≤10 mL,mud cake frictional coefficient≤0.14,permeability recovery>81%),can efficiently prevent or minimize damage,preserve natural formation and enhance comprehensive development-investment effect in TUHA Jurassic dense sandstone reservoir formation with low-permeability,the only one developing integrated condense gas field.Some references can be provided to similar reservoir formations.

Thermo-sensitive polymer nanospheres as a smart plugging agent for shale gas drilling operations

Emulsifier-free poly（methyl methacrylate-styrene） [P（MMA-St）] nanospheres with an average particle size of 100 nm were synthesized in an isopropyl alcoholwater medium by a solvothermal method. Then, through radical graft copolymerization of thermo-sensitive mono- mer N-isopropylacrylamide （NIPAm） and hydrophilic monomer acrylic acid （AA） onto the surface of P（MMA- St） nanospheres at 80 ℃, a series of thermo-sensitive polymer nanospheres, named SD-SEAL with different lower critical solution temperatures （LCST）, were prepared by adjusting the mole ratio of NIPAm to AA. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, particle size distribution, and specific surface area analysis. The temperature-sensitive behavior was studied by light transmittance tests, while the sealing performance was investigated by pressure transmission tests with Lungmachi Formation shales. The experimental results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles are sensitive to temperature and had apparent LCST values which increased with an increase in hydrophilic monomer AA. When the temperature was higher than its LCST value, SD- SEAL played a dual role of physical plugging and chemical inhibition, slowed down pressure transmission, and reduced shale permeability remarkably. The plugged layer of shale was changed to being hydrophobic, which greatly improved the shale stability

SYNTHESIS OF HETEROARM STAR-SHAPED POLYMER BY THE USE OF POLYFUNCTIONAL CHAIN-TRANSFER AGENT via CONVENTIONAL FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

Heteroarm star-shaped polymers were synthesized by conventional free radical polymerization in two steps by the use of polyfunctional chain transfer agent.In the first step,free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in the presence of a polyfunctional chain transfer agent,pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropinate).At appropriate monomer conversions,two-arm PMMA having two residual thiol groups at the chain center or three-arm PMMA having one residual thiol group at the core were o...

New Nano Polymer Materials for Composite Exterior-Wall Coatings

A triethylenetetramine epoxy mixture was synthesized through the reaction of a low-molecular-weight liquid epoxy resin with triethylenetetramine(TETA).Then triethyltetramine(TETA)was injected dropwise into a pro-pylene glycol methyl ether(PM)solution for chain extension reaction.A hydrophilic andflexible polyether seg-ment was introduced into the hardener molecule.The effects of TETA/DGEPG,reaction temperature and reaction time on the epoxy conversion of polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether(DGEPG)were studied.In addition,several alternate strategies to add epoxy resin to the high-speed dispersion machine and synthesize MEA DGEBA adduct(without catalyst and with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin)were compared.It was found that the higher the molecular weight of triethylenetetramine,the longer the chain segment of the surface active molecule.When the equivalence ratio of amine hydrogen and epoxy group is low,the stability of lotion is good.When the ratio of amine hydrogen to epoxy group is large,the content of triethylenetetramine is small.The main objective of this study is the provision of new data and knowledge for the development of new materials in the coating and electronic industry.

Chemicals Used in Polymeric Material Coated Waste Paper Composites

In this research, at different quantities as fillers, Boric Acid, Calcite (CaCO3), SPT (Sodium Perborate Tetrahydrate) and as coupling matters, 3%, MAPE (Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polyethylene), Titanate and Silanyl (Vinyltriethoxysilane) were added waste paper. Composite boards were pressed and cut in 1 × 30 × 30 cm. In order to identify some properties of the produced boards, experimental works were applied according to the standards. In conclusion, bending stress reduced with filler materials and chemicals was reduced even more than the bending stress except for some experimental groups. In addition, it was observed that the coupling chemicals increased the bending strength and modulus of elasticity compared to the fillers.

Influence of CaO-based expansive agent,superabsorbent polymers and curing temperature on pore structure evolution of early-age cement paste

Cracks easily generate in concrete at early age owing to the shrinkage deformation.CaO-based expansion agent(CEA)and superabsorbent polymers(SAP)have been extensively used for the mitigation of concrete shrinkage.The macroscopic properties of concrete are highly determined by the microstructure.In this study,the influence of CEA and SAP addition on the pore structure evolution of cement paste under different curing temperatures was evaluated via low-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Test results indicated that,in cement paste,a higher CEA content led to a higher porosity and a larger most probable pore diameter(MPPD).Meanwhile,SAP addition increased the porosity and MPPD of CEA cement paste at early age but decreased them after 7 d,and a higher SAP content always brought a higher porosity and MPPD.Furthermore,the addition of SAP led to a lower porosity and MPPD of CEA cement paste than that of plain cement paste after 14 d.Moreover,the porosity and MPPD of CEA cement paste decreased first and subsequently increased as the curing temperature raised.

Performance Evaluation of a New Type of Polymer Profile Control Agent

The low-permeability oil and gas resources of our country are quite common and abundant. Their reserve has accounted for one-fifth of total oil reserves of our country, and their yield has constituted the important part of national petroleum annual yield, but its development is very difficult. Polymer gel technology is a technical method of improving sweep efficiency in recent years which substantially increases the viscosity of the polymer solution by adding a crosslinking agent to the polymer produced by intramolecular or intermolecular crosslinking.

Experimental study on low temperature performance of polymer drilling mud agents

Drilling fluid additives has a major impact on rheology behavior and other performances of the drilling fluid.The key to low temperature drilling fluids is choosing antifreeze and polymer agent which have a strong ability in resisting low temperature.On the basis of determining glycol as antifreeze agent,the low-temperature-performance and capacities of anti-collapse of regular validity mud agents have been studied,the mechanism of anti-caving of the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(PHPA),polypropylene potassium(KPA) and PAC-141 polymer additives have been also analyzed.A pilot study of compatibility between ethylene glycol and the polymers has educed that the polymers,ethylene glycol and inorganic salt are compatible,and they can significantly reduce the freezing point of drilling fluid.Anti-collapse ability of the drilling mud is the results of synergistic action among the agents.

Review on the applications and developments of drag reducing polymer in turbulent pipe flow

Drag reduction phenomenon in pipelines has received lots of attention during the past decades due to its potential engineering applications, especially in fluid transporting industries. Various methods to enhance drag reduction have been developed throughout the years and divided into two categories;non-additives method and additives method. Both categories have different types of methods, with different formulations and applications which will generally be discussed in this review. Among all the methods discussed, drag reduction using polymer additive is as one of the most enticing and desirable methods. It has been the subject of research in this field and has been studied extensively for quite some time. It is due to its ability to reduce drag up to 80% when added in minute concentrations. Reducing drag in the pipe will require less pumping power thus offering economic relieves to the industries. So, this paper will be focusing more on the use of polymer additives as drag reducing agent, the general formulations of the additives, major issues involving the use of drag reducing polymers, and the potential applications of it. However, despite the extensive works of drag reduction polymer, there are still no models that accurately explain the mechanism of drag reduction. More studies needed to be done to have a better understanding of the phenomenon. Therefore, future research areas and potential approaches are proposed for future work.

Compound Rejuvenation of Polymer Modified Asphalt Binder

The objective of this research was to show a way to conduct rejuvenation of aged polymer modified asphalt binder（PMB） successfully.To fully evaluate and understand the rejuvenation of aged PMB,the Penetration grade tests including penetration,soften point,ductility and elastic recovery and SuperpaveTM PG grade tests including DSR,BBR and DDT were conducted.The rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing a fluid recycling agent in common use for binder rejuvenation was evaluated.And then the compound rejuvenation effect of aged PMB by utilizing the recycling agent with a new modifying additive for binder modification was evaluated.The experimental results indicated that the recycling agent in common use currently does not apply to polymer modified asphalt binder rejuvenation.But the recycling agent together with the modifying additive can restore the characteristics of aged polymer modified binder very well.Therefore,compound rejuvenation of polymer modified asphalt binder is recommended.

RESEARCH ON CATIONIC POLYMER WATER BASE DRILLING FLUIDS

Cationic polymer drilling fluid (CPDF) is a new water base drilling fluid in which high molecular weight (HMW) cationic polymer (CPAM) is an encapsulating and flocculating agent and organic quaternary ammonium compound (NW-1) acts as shale inhibitor. This paper describes the experimental results of cuttings recovery, particle size distribution layer spacing and Zeta potential, and discusses the inhibition of CPDF system and its major additives. The advantages of CPDF will be proved by its application in well LX-2.

Application of Functional Polymers in Laundry Care

This paper was to describe the current situation and development prospect of the global laundry care market,and made a conjecture on the future development trend of polymers,and to list four kinds of polymers widely applied in laundry care products.

高温高矿化度油藏提高采收率用聚合物驱油剂研究

为满足高温高矿化度油藏继续提高采收率的需求,室内以丙烯酰胺、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸、长碳链疏水单体和刚性单体为合成原料,制备了一种耐温抗盐型聚合物驱油剂KWY300,并对其综合性能进行了评价。结果表明,聚合物驱油剂KWY300具有良好的增黏性能和耐温抗盐性能,当溶液矿化度为133000 mg/L,老化温度为110℃时,质量浓度为1200 mg/L的聚合物溶液黏度值仍能达到80 mPa·s以上,增黏效果明显优于HPAM。聚合物驱油剂KWY300具有良好的渗流性能,在储层温度和矿化度条件下,阻力系数可以达到50以上,残余阻力系数约为10。此外,聚合物驱油剂KWY300还具有良好的驱油效果,注入PV数为0.5、质量浓度为1200 mg/L的KWY300溶液后,能使岩心水驱后的采收率继续提高16.4%,驱油效果明显优于HPAM。高温高矿化度油藏现场实施聚合物KWY300驱油措施后,区块内生产井的日产油量提升至措施前的3倍以上,含水率有所下降,起到了明显增油效果。

油田含聚废液处理及再利用技术研究

近年来虽然对聚合物驱油藏油水井洗井、作业及站内管线清洗产生的含聚废液开展了回收再利用技术研究,但缺乏聚合物胶块废液的有效处理技术。为此,结合注聚区废液的特点,研究相应的处理技术,确定注聚区废液的调剖用配方,并针对不同废液改进调剖注入工艺,形成注聚区废液调剖再利用技术。研究结果表明:研制的橇装式含聚废液地面分离及处理装置能够有效分离废液中的胶块,对其进行粉碎处理后,形成颗粒调剖剂,进而实现单井直接注入;结合含聚废液特点,研发了相应的复配调剖剂配方,形成了调剖剂系列,达到了封堵高渗透油藏堵剂要求;现场实施调剖21口井,累计处理废液51 978 m^(3),油压平均上升了1.5 MPa,累计增油达8 036.2 t。研究结果可为油田清洁环保开发生产提供技术依据。

丙烯酸基高吸水性树脂的研究进展

介绍了高吸水性树脂的制备方法以及各种方法的优缺点。概述了不同的改性材料对高吸水性树脂吸水保水性能的影响,并给出了增加比表面积、分子量、活性基团数量、适当的中和度和交联度等方法来提高吸水保水能力。总结了高吸水性树脂在环境治理、建筑材料和农林业三个领域的应用。对高吸水性树脂性能的进一步改善进行了展望,开发低成本、可降解的高吸水性树脂仍是亟需解决的难题。

碳化二亚胺类抗水解剂的合成及应用进展

碳化二亚胺类化合物具有N=C=N双键结构,能够与含有活泼氢的化合物反应,是聚酯类化合物最常用的水解抑制剂。本文详细介绍了碳化二亚胺类抗水解剂的分类及合成方法,并重点综述了碳化二亚胺类化合物在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、热塑性聚氨酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和可生物降解材料等聚合物中的应用。

高分子活性剂改良盐渍土力学特性及机理研究

基于三轴剪切试验与可溶盐含量测试,探究高分子活性剂掺量与养护时间对硫酸型盐渍土力学性能与可溶盐含量的影响,揭示土体微观特性及其改良机理.结果表明:CLI型高分子活性剂的掺入能有效提升硫酸型盐渍土的力学强度和抗变形能力,其最佳掺量为8%;活性剂与盐渍土发生置换反应,从而增强盐渍土的保水性能,有效降低盐渍土的可溶盐含量,CLI型高分子活性剂掺量越大,改良效果越好;养护时间达到7 d时,盐渍土的可溶盐含量趋于稳定.

原材料对泡沫混凝土吸水性能的影响研究

通过测试吸水率、孔洞微观形貌,研究了矿物掺合料(矿渣粉、粉煤灰、硅灰)、聚合物乳液(氯丁胶乳液、苯丙乳液、硬质环氧乳液)、憎水剂(有机硅、硬脂酸钙)对泡沫混凝土吸水性能的影响,并对作用机理进行了阐述。结果表明:矿渣粉对吸水率的影响程度有限,粉煤灰可在一定程度上降低吸水率,硅灰的加入显著提高了吸水率;三种聚合物乳液对吸水率的影响程度由大到小依次为氯丁胶乳液>苯丙乳液>硬质环氧乳液;憎水剂能有效降低吸水率,其中硬脂酸钙的效果明显好于有机硅;憎水剂在合适掺量范围内能有效降低孔洞缺陷率,同时由于其本身具有较好的疏水特性,进而可显著降低材料的吸水率。