Influence of mineral fillers on the rheological response of polymer-modified bitumens and mastics

The rheological properties of the bituminous components （bitumen and bituminous mastic） within asphalt mixtures contribute significantly to the major distresses of flexible pavements （i.e. rutting, fatigue and low temperature cracking）. Asphalt mixtures are usually composed of mastic-coated aggregates rather than pure bitumen-coated aggre- gates. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of mineral fillers on the theological behaviour of several polymer-modified bitumens （PMBs） through laboratory mixing. A neat bitumen and two types of polymers （elastomeric and plastomeric） were used to produce PMBs, and two fillers with different minerals （limestone and basalt） were selected to obtain mastics. The dynamic shear rheometer （DSR） and bending beam rheometer （BBR） were used to characterize the theological properties of PMBs and mastics. In particular, multiple stress creep recovery （MSCR） tests were performed to evaluate the rutting potential at high temperatures, whereas BBR tests were carried out to investigate the low temperature behaviour of these materials. BBR results for unmodified mastics show that the increase of stiffness is similar regardless of the filler type, whereas results for polymer-modified mastics indicate that the degree of stiffening depends on the combi- nation of filler/polymer types. MSCR results show that adding filler leads to a reduced susceptibility of permanent deformation and an enhanced elastic response, depending on the combination of filler/polymer types. Overall results suggest that a physical-chemical interaction between the filler and bitumen occurs, and that the interaction level is highly dependent on the type of polymer modification.

Polymer-modified Concrete with Improved Flexural Toughness and Mechanism Analysis

By selecting different types of polymer mixing into concrete, the toughness of concrete is investigated, and results indicate polymer has obvious effect to improve the toughness of concrete. Microstructure of polymer-modified concrete were studied through environment scanning electron microscope and digital micro-hardness tester, results show that polymer acts as a flexible filler and reinforcement in concrete, and alters the microstructure at mortar and ITZ. By crack path prediction and energy consumption analysis, the crack path of polymer-modified concrete is more tortuous and consumes more energy than that of ordinary concrete.

Effects of Compaction Temperature on the Volumetric Properties and Compaction Energy Efforts of Polymer-Modified Asphalt Mixtures

In order to determine a proper compaction temperature that affects the workability and compactibility of the polymer-modified asphalt（PMA）, the effect of compaction temperature was examined on the volumetric properties and the compaction energy indices. Change in compaction temperature shows an important influence on the maximum specific gravity of mixture（G_（mm）） by internal volume change of PMA. The change in G_（mm） mainly affects the effective volume of the aggregate（V_（Eff））. Reduction in V_（Eff） from Zero shear viscosity（ZSV） to superpave temperature allows 0.1%-0.15% of the asphalt binder to occupy highly the external voids of aggregates. The volumetric properties for all compaction specimens meet superpave criteria, but the energy efforts were the lowest at ZSV temperature. Lower energy efforts at the ZSV temperature reflect easier compaction than those at excessively high temperature. Clearly, excessive compaction temperature may not be necessary to improve the compactibility and to reduce the compaction efforts.

Influence of Adding Compatibilizer to SBS Polymer-Modified Asphalt on Compatibility and Rheological Behavior

Adding compatibilizer to polymer-modified asphalt(PMA)is an effective method to improve compatibility and performance.However,only few studies have systematically focused on how compatibilizer can affect the performance of styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS)polymer-modified asphalt(PMA).In this study,six compatibilizers with different compositions were used to prepare SBS PMA samples.Conventional performance,viscosity-temperature characteristics,viscoelastic behavior,creep properties,and morphology were investigated.The results show that adding compatibilizer to SBS PMA has a great effect on its performance.High aromatics content in compatibilizers can improve the high-temperature performance of SBS PMA,while a high saturates content can enhance the low-temperature performance.Additionally,high aromatics content in compatibilizer can increase the temperature sensitivity.While the aromatics content does improve the compatibility of SBS PMA to some extent,adding compatibilizer to SBS PMA has few effects on the microstructure.Judging from our test results,we can conclude that the optimum aromatics content for adding compatibilizer to SBS PMA ranges from 33.21%to 54.22%.

Identification, evolution and geological indications of solid bitumen in shales: A case study of the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Songliao Basin, NE China

On the basis of sorting out current understanding of solid bitumen (SB) in shales and taking organic-rich shales in the first member of the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin as an example, the definition, classification, occurrence and evolution path of SB are systemtically studied, and the indicative significance of SB reflectance (Rob) on maturity and its influence on the development of reservoir space are discussed and summarized. The results show that the difference of primary maceral types is primarily responsible for the different evolution paths of SB. Most of the pre-oil bitumen is in-situ SB with only a small amount being of migrated SB, while most of the post-oil bitumen and pyrobitumen are migrated SB. From the immature to early oil maturity stage, bituminite, vitrinite, and inertinite can be distinguished from SB based on their optical characteristics under reflected light, and alginite can be differentiated from SB by their fluorescence characteristics. Under scanning electron microscope, in-situ SB and migrated SB can be effectively identified. Rob increases linearly with increasing vitrinite reflectance (Ro), as a result of a decrease of aliphatic structure and the enhancement of aromatization of SB. Within the oil window three types of secondary pores may develop in SB, including modified mineral pores, devolatilization cracks and bubble holes. At a high maturity stage spongy pores may develop in pyrobitumen. Scanning electron microscopy combined with in-situ SEM-Raman spectroscopy can further reveal the structral information of different types of SB, thus providing crucial data for understanding for understanding OM migration paths, dynamics, and distances at micro-scale.

Rheological and Morphological Characterization of Modified Bitumen with Cup Lump Rubber

Pure bitumen is not suitable for heavy traffic loads;hence modifiers are used to improve the bitumen performance.Recently,cup lump rubber(CLR)has become a preferred modifier due to its outstanding performance and less cost.However,little is known about the interactions between CLR and bitumen.Thus,this study investigates the behavior of bitumen with CLR.Four percentages of CLR(2.5%,5.0%,7.5%,and 10.0%by weight of bitumen)were used to modify conventional 60/70 penetration grade bitumen.The modified bitumen was evaluated through different laboratory testing such as dynamic shear rheometer,rotational viscosity,softening point,bending beam rheometer,ductility,and elastic recovery.The testing results show that the addition of CLR increased the bitumen’s rutting resistance by 3 PG grades at high temperatures.At low pavement temperatures,the cup lump rubber modified bitumen(CMB)can withstand up to−34℃.Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)analysis shows that the Aromaticity index at 1600 cm^(−1) rose as the CLR percentage increased,indicating the formation of a binder with a compact structure.This is expected to improve the elasticity of bitumen throughπ-πinteractions.Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)results showed the Catana phase increased in size and quantity at 5.0%and 7.5%CLR content.While contact angle measurement revealed that the binders are hydrophobic and tend to repel the dropped water on the bitumen surface.

Feasibility Investigation of Bitumen Properties by Blending of Coal Tar Pitch

There are numerous methods and additives available to improve the durability and quality of road bitumen. A coal tar obtained by coal coking was distilled in a laboratory into fractions of initial boiling point IBP-180℃ (gasoline-like fuel), 180℃ - 360℃ (diesel-like fuel), and >360℃ (residue or coal tar pitch). The coal tar pitch was added into road bitumen by up to 1 - 5 wt% and investigated the alteration of physical and chemical properties. The physico-mechanical properties of coal tar pitch and bitumen blends, as well as the chemical group composition, were determined using standard techniques (MNS) and the SARA method, respectively. Results of 3% coal tar pitch addition into bitumen enhanced ductility by 12.4% and softening point by 1.6℃. We found that blending with bitumen coal tar pitch as a modifier could improve bitumen properties.

克拉玛依油砂沥青油溶性降黏剂的制备及性能评价

以甲基丙烯酸十八酯、N-苄基马来酰亚胺和丙烯酰胺为原料合成了针对于克拉玛依油砂沥青的新型油溶性共聚降粘剂。对单体配比、引发剂用量、反应温度等影响条件进行了优化,探究了降黏剂用量和温度等因素对降黏效果的影响。确定了该降黏剂的聚合反应条件为:聚合单体摩尔比为10∶4∶3,引发剂用量为单体总质量的1.0%,反应温度为85℃。在降黏剂添加量1000 mg·kg^(-1),反应温度50℃,反应时间60 min时降黏效果最好,在此条件下的降黏率为35.7%。

准噶尔盆地征沙村地区三叠系储层沥青赋存特征及成因探讨

准噶尔盆地是我国西部典型的叠合盆地,油气资源丰富。近年来在腹部二叠—三叠系多口探井获得了工业油气流,展现了盆地深层—超深层巨大的油气勘探潜力(刘惠民等,2023)。中国石化在准噶尔盆地腹部征沙村地区钻探的征10井,在井深超过6500 m的三叠系、二叠系储层分获工业油气流。岩芯观察及薄片分析表明.

塔里木盆地巴什布拉克铀矿床黑色泥岩成因及其对铀成矿的指示

巴什布拉克矿床是塔里木盆地重要的铀矿床,具有蚀变类型多样、矿石品位高、矿体呈多层板状等特点。铀矿化的分布与地沥青关系紧密,但地沥青的形成时间及其与铀成矿的关系仍不清楚,影响了矿床成因的认识和勘查方向的选择。文章选择以灰黑色泥岩和泥砾为研究对象,通过野外观察、岩石矿物学和X荧光光谱仪测量等,查明黑色泥岩的特征,厘定地沥青的发育时间及其与铀成矿的关系。结果表明,黑色泥岩产于砂砾岩层内部,呈薄夹层状产出,主要由泥晶白云石、半自形黄铁矿和大量团块状地沥青组成;铀矿物以铀石-细晶黄铁矿和UO_(2)/TiO_(2)混合物-地沥青矿物组合赋存在黑色泥岩矿石中,且U与Pb、Zn、Cu等同步富集。地沥青为下部油气逸散运移至近浅表地层中氧化分解的产物,形成于克孜勒苏群沉积-早成岩阶段,其形成与早白垩世的末期(115~113 Ma)塔西南地区岩浆活动造成的区域热事件有关。克孜勒苏群沉积-早成岩阶段的富U烃类流体是形成该矿床的关键因素,富U烃类还原性盆地流体与盆浅层地层水的流体混合作用导致U和Pb、Zn、Cu、Se等矿质的大规模沉淀,也为后期地表的氧化改造提供基础。

中国南方高成熟泥页岩有机质微观特征研究

页岩有机质孔隙对页岩气勘探开发有着重要的指示作用,对页岩气生成及运移机理的认知有着重要意义,是研究人员关注的焦点问题。本文采用自然断面制样方法,利用扫描电镜对中国南方高成熟泥页岩进行观察研究发现,有机质主要以三种形态存在于页岩中,一种是细微的颗粒状,微粒尺寸约10~100 nm,与周围矿物界限不明显;一种是呈块状,尺寸多超过10μm,断口表面光滑;一种是部分保留生物形态的有机质,从数量而言以前两种为主。结合有机质成因及特征,作者对其进行分类:第一种为干酪根,第二种为沥青,第三种为生物碎屑。干酪根和沥青中都可能生成孔隙,干酪根内孔隙尺寸较小,形态不规则,沥青中的孔隙尺寸较大,呈气泡状,孔壁较圆滑。因为在泥页岩中干酪根占比比固体沥青多,而且高成熟度的页岩中干酪根中普遍发育孔隙,沥青中较少发育孔隙,所以干酪根孔隙是有机质孔隙的主体。

米仓山震旦系灯影组流体充注特征及油气成藏过程

随着深层—超深层海相油气的勘探新发现,四川盆地北缘米仓山区域海相碳酸盐岩因具备优质的烃源岩条件被广泛关注,但其复杂的成藏、改造和调整过程尚未明确。文章使用扫描电镜、流体包裹体、U—Pb年代学等手段,聚焦米仓山震旦系灯影组成藏流体活动和沥青特征,揭示其多期成藏改造与调整过程。米仓山灯影组储层普遍发育纤维状—细晶白云石(486Ma±5Ma)→中—粗晶白云石(413Ma±5Ma)→鞍状白云石(268Ma±8Ma)→石英/萤石/铅锌矿(205Ma±10Ma)→沥青(123Ma±4Ma)5期流体活动过程;储层溶蚀孔洞普遍形成团块状、环边状原位沥青和角砾状、破碎状异位沥青。空间对比揭示,米仓山古隆起—山前带—前陆盆地总体体现出沥青丰度减少、原位沥青相对增加、异位沥青相对减少的特征;结合矿物充填序列表明,上寒武统—志留系细晶白云石、中—粗晶白云石主要富含低成熟度有机烃包裹体,中—上二叠统鞍形白云石和上三叠统石英等矿物捕获包裹体成熟度相对较高。综上所述,沥青和包裹体特征显示米仓山古隆起和山前带在二叠纪—侏罗纪先后成为古油气聚集中心(即生气中心和储气中心),晚期构造变形使原生古油藏破坏,油气运聚中心转移至前陆盆地。

缝合线中有机质来源、流体运移以及地质意义

【目的】缝合线作为碳酸盐岩的典型结构,其形成对于碳酸盐岩本身有机质的富集和流体运移具有重要的意义。然而,缝合线中有机质的来源和流体运移的机理目前尚未深入研究。【方法】以四川盆地东部大池干构造带含缝合线的碳酸盐岩岩心样品为研究对象,分别对岩心中缝合线和基质进行了有机碳、热解(Rock-Eval)、岩石薄片、荧光薄片、全岩X射线衍射、碳氧同位素以及扫描电镜等分析测试。【结果与结论】缝合线中的有机质主要以可溶有机质、焦沥青和沥青的形式赋存,表明缝合线中的有机质主要为运移而来的次生有机质。且缝合线中的次生白云石和黄铁矿发育,且保留了矿物的晶间孔隙和裂缝,为油气的聚集和运移提供了良好的条件。此外,沿缝合线方向存在明显的油气分馏效应,且在缝合线较薄的区域分馏效应越明显。综合分析认为,缝合线与基质接触界面上的强烈胶结作用及其附近次生矿物的形成是造成烃类流体从基质向缝合线运移时分馏效应的原因。当缝合线发育时,缝合线中的有机质会在高演化阶段裂解形成天然气,与其他成因的天然气混合时会影响天然气来源判别;缝合线作为原油的运移通道时,对原油造成的分馏效应也会对原油来源的判别造成一定困扰,因此应该选择合适的生物标志化合物对比参数来分析油源关系,同时原油性质的空间变化规律也应该被考虑。

Study on low temperature performance of Gussasphalt on steel decks with hard bitumen

Using a Hamburg wheel-track test device, the resistance to rutting of Gussasphalt is tested and compared. Gussasphalt with hard bitumen has good resistance to rutting. The related resistance abilities to cracking at low temperature of Gussasphalt are tested and compared through flexural experiments and the composite structure fatigue test with temperature dropping. Gussasphalt with high performance polymer modified bitumen has a longer fatigue life and a lower breaking temperature; they can be used in the future surfaces for steel bridge decks in Germany.

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下储层中固体沥青的发现及其对天然气成藏的启示

近期,鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐下地层取得了天然气重大勘探突破和新进展,已成为天然气勘探的重点新领域。但是,该领域天然气成因、资源潜力等关键成藏问题尚不清楚。为此,以鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组五段7亚段—马家沟组四段(以下简称马五7亚段—马四段)为研究对象,通过岩心与显微镜观察,发现盐下储层中存在固体沥青,并明确了沥青的产状和地球化学特征,最后结合天然气地球化学分析,探讨了盐下地层中天然气(以下简称盐下天然气)的成因和资源潜力。研究结果表明:(1)奥陶系盐下储层中存在大量固体沥青,透射光显微镜观察沥青呈花状、片状、团块状、薄膜状或条带状赋存于白云岩和石灰岩的孔、缝、缝合线和沥青包裹体内,固体沥青的质量百分数介于0.07%~0.55%(平均值为0.17%),等效镜质体反射率介于1.75%~1.97%,碳同位素值介于-28.4‰~-27.7‰;(2)盐下天然气干燥系数介于0.95~1.00,为典型的干气,天然气的甲烷、乙烷和丙烷碳同位素值分别介于-44.8‰~-32.4‰、-31.1‰~-22.6‰和-28.8‰~-19.7‰,具有甲烷碳同位素偏轻、乙烷与丙烷碳同位素偏重的异常特征;(3)奥陶系盐下储层中的固体沥青和天然气均为石油热裂解成因,石油来自于马家沟组或更古老的地层,石油裂解发生在早白垩世中—晚期;(4)盐下天然气遭受了不同程度的硫酸盐热化学还原作用的改造,其中乌审旗地区改造程度较强,天然气中H2S含量高,最高可达13.31%。结论认为,马五7亚段—马四段天然气预测储量约为1.00×1012 m3,该盆地奥陶系盐下天然气勘探潜力巨大。

牡蛎壳粉沥青胶浆路用性能研究

基于“双碳”背景下,以拓宽牡蛎壳绿色废物利用为途径,探索其用作沥青矿粉的可行性。通过制备牡蛎壳矿粉进行微观特性分析发现,与白云岩矿粉相比,牡蛎壳粉末颗粒更细,比表面积更大,表面更粗糙,密度更低,具有更优的黏结力。在此基础上进一步通过动态剪切流变、多重应力蠕变恢复和弯曲梁流变等试验对比了5种粉胶比条件下牡蛎壳粉沥青胶浆的路用性能,从而确定了最佳粉胶比掺量和施工温度。研究结果表明:与白云岩矿粉沥青胶浆相比,牡蛎壳粉沥青胶浆具有更优的高温抗车辙性能和力学稳定性,其低温性能虽略逊于白云岩矿粉沥青胶浆,但仍满足较好的低温抗裂性能要求。鉴于牡蛎壳粉具备良好的路用性能、经济性与环保性,其在路面新建及养护工程中具有较好的应用前景。

STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROSTRU-CTURE AND PROPERTY OF MODIFIED BITUMEN

In this paper morphology of APP modified bitumen (APP MB) and SBS modified bitumen (SBS MB) was studied by scanning elecron microscopy (SEM) and the morphology property relationship of these two modified bitumen (MB) was discussed. The results indicate that the APP MB systems is in a homogeneous phase structure and the SBS MB system is in a heterogeneous phase structure. Improvement of bituminous physical properties by APP and SBS is closely related with the microstructure of APP and SBS MB.

风化作用对川西北剖面露头固体沥青有机地球化学特征的影响

在野外露头剖面上沥青会受到风化作用影响,包括生物降解、淋滤和光氧化降解等,这些风化作用会不同程度地改造沥青的有机地球化学特征。目前对沥青的有机地球化学特征在风化过程中的变化过程及其机理还缺乏系统的认识,尤其是多环芳香烃类和含杂原子极性化合物,用常规手段很难深入研究。本研究在川西北地区油坊沟组出露地表的软沥青丘钻了一口0.80 m浅钻,利用岩石热解(Rock-Eval)、气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)等手段,研究了剖面沥青的有机地球化学特征在风化过程中的变化。结果显示,在剖面顶部(0.05~0.15 m),风化作用使沥青的总有机碳(TOC)和非极性族组分损失明显,极性族组分相对含量升高,O/C原子比的增加表明,剖面顶部沥青受到了较强的氧化作用。正构烷烃、C_(27)~C_(29)规则甾烷、藿烷、二苯并噻吩和甲基二苯并噻吩等分布特征的变化显示,剖面顶部沥青同时遭受了显著的生物降解和淋滤作用。奇偶优势指数(OEP)、C_(29)甾烷异构化参数及甲基菲指数(MPI_(1))等成熟度参数指示剖面沥青进入成熟阶段,但藿烷类成熟度参数(Ts/(Ts+Tm))和烷基萘指数(DNR和TNR)指示的成熟度偏低。FT-ICR MS结果表明,多环芳烃和含硫多环芳烃在风化过程中损失,其风化产物主要是含氧的杂原子多环芳烃。在0.15~0.80 m,多环芳烃和含硫多环芳烃无明显降解特征;在0.10~0.15 m,碳数较低且缩合度(DBE)较低的多环芳烃被生物降解为碳数更低的酚、醇类化合物和羧酸;在深度≤0.10 m,碳数较高且DBE较高的多环芳烃和含硫多环芳烃被光氧化,主要产生相似碳数和DBE的醛、酮类化合物和羧酸。

沥青基碳材料的制备及其在环保领域的应用现状

沥青是一种含碳量高、不易老化、再聚合能力强的矿物。我国有丰富的沥青矿物资源,但目前未得到有效利用。碳材料作为一种吸附材料,在水污染、土壤污染、大气污染治理方面有广阔的应用前景,沥青因高碳、低灰的特点,是一种制备碳材料的理想原料。本文综述了沥青基碳材料的制备方法、性能及其应用现状。

Fracturing timing of Jurassic reservoirs in the Dibei-Tuziluoke gas field,Kuqa foreland basin:Evidence from petrography,fluid inclusions,and clumped isotopes

Determining the timing of fracturing is crucial for understanding reservoir evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in foreland basins.Using fracturing data from cores,borehole images,and outcrops,combined with the clumped isotope(D47)and fluid inclusion analyses of carbonate minerals filled in pores and fractures,this study ascertained the fracturing timing of the Jurassic reservoirs in the Dibei-Tuziluoke Gas Field,Kuqa Foreland Basin.Data from outcrops and borehole images show two dominant fracture sets in the study area:W-E and NE-SW striking fractures.Some W-E striking fractures are carbonate-filled,while NE-SW striking fractures lack mineral fillings.Bitumen veins,not easy to be identified in borehole images,are prevalent in cores.The petrographic analysis reveals that these bitumen veins formed before the calcite cementation in pores and display high viscosity and low maturity.Homogenization temperatures(T_(h))from primary fluid inclusion assemblages in two representative calcite vein samples were notably lower than T_(△47) values from corresponding samples.This suggests the △_(47) signature underwent alteration due to partial reordering during burial.Thus,△_(47)-derived temperatures(apparent temperatures)may not faithfully represent the mineral precipitation temperatures.When plotting these apparent temperatures vs.the burial history,only the possible latest ages of fracturing emerged.These ages were further refined by considering petroleum charging,tectonic evolution,and stress orientation.Bitumen-filled fractures likely resulted from the Late Cretaceous uplift,marking the migration of low-maturity hydrocarbons in the study area.Carbonate-filled E-W striking fractures emerged during the late Miocene(~13-6.5 Ma)alongside fold development.NE-striking fractures that crosscut W-E ones possibly formed recently due to stress reorientation.