Recent advances and innovations in the design and fabrication of wearable flexible biosensors and human health monitoring systems based on conjugated polymers

Wearable biosensors have received great interest as patient-friendly diagnostic technologies because of their high flexibility and conformability.The growing research and utilization of novel materials in designing wearable biosensors have accelerated the development of point-of-care sensing platforms and implantable biomedical devices in human health care.Among numerous potential materials,conjugated polymers(CPs)are emerging as ideal choices for constructing high-performance wearable biosensors because of their outstanding conductive and mechanical properties.Recently,CPs have been extensively incorporated into various wearable biosensors to monitor a range of target biomolecules.However,fabricating highly reliable CP-based wearable biosensors for practical applications remains a significant challenge,necessitating novel developmental strategies for enhancing the viability of such biosensors.Accordingly,this review aims to provide consolidated scientific evidence by summarizing and evaluating recent studies focused on designing and fabricating CP-based wearable biosensors,thereby facilitating future research.Emphasizing the superior properties and benefits of CPs,this review aims to clarify their potential applicability within this field.Furthermore,the fundamentals and main components of CP-based wearable biosensors and their sensing mechanisms are discussed in detail.The recent advancements in CP nanostructures and hybridizations for improved sensing performance,along with recent innovations in next-generation wearable biosensors are highlighted.CPbased wearable biosensors have been—and will continue to be—an ideal platform for developing effective and user-friendly diagnostic technologies for human health monitoring.

Highly Elastic,Bioresorbable Polymeric Materials for Stretchable,Transient Electronic Systems

Substrates or encapsulants in soft and stretchable formats are key components for transient,bioresorbable electronic systems;however,elastomeric polymers with desired mechanical and biochemical properties are very limited compared to nontransient counterparts.Here,we introduce a bioresorbable elastomer,poly(glycolide-co-ε-caprolactone)(PGCL),that contains excellent material properties including high elongation-at-break(<1300%),resilience and toughness,and tunable dissolution behaviors.Exploitation of PGCLs as polymer matrices,in combination with conducing polymers,yields stretchable,conductive composites for degradable interconnects,sensors,and actuators,which can reliably function under external strains.Integration of device components with wireless modules demonstrates elastic,transient electronic suture system with on-demand drug delivery for rapid recovery of postsurgical wounds in soft,time-dynamic tissues.

Ignition processes and characteristics of charring conductive polymers with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber for applications in micro/nano satellite hybrid rocket motors

The arc ignition system based on charring polymers has advantages of simple structure,low ignition power consumption and multiple ignitions,which bringing it broadly application prospect in hybrid propulsion system of micro/nano satellite.However,charring polymers alone need a relatively high input voltage to achieve pyrolysis and ignition,which increases the burden and cost of the power system of micro/nano satellite in practical application.Adding conductive substance into charring polymers can effectively decrease the conducting voltage which can realize low voltage and low power consumption repeated ignition of arc ignition system.In this paper,a charring conductive polymer ignition grain with a cavity geometry in precombustion chamber,which is composed of PLA and multiwall carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)was proposed.The detailed ignition processes were analyzed and two different ignition mechanisms in the cavity of charring conductive polymers were revealed.The ignition characteristics of charring conductive polymers were also investigated at different input voltages,ignition grain structures,ignition locations and injection schemes in a visual ignition combustor.The results demonstrated that the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition were inversely correlated with the voltages applied to ignition grain.Moreover,the incremental depth of cavity shortened the ignition delay and external energy required for ignition while accelerated the propagation of flame.As the depth of cavity increased from 2 to 6 mm(at 50 V),the time of flame propagating out of ignition grain changed from 235.6 to 108 ms,and values of mean ignition delay time and mean external energy required for ignition decreased from 462.8 to 320 ms and 16.2 to 10.75 J,respectively.The rear side of the cavity was the ideal ignition position which had a shorter ignition delay and a faster flame propagation speed in comparison to other ignition positions.Compared to direct injection scheme,swirling injection provided a more favorable flow field environment in the cavity,which was beneficial to ignition and initial flame propagation,but the ignition position needed to be away from the outlet of swirling injector.At last,the repeated ignition characteristic of charring conductive polymers was also investigated.The ignition delay time and external energy required for ignition decreased with repeated ignition times but the variation was decreasing gradually.

Syntheses and catalytic performances of three coordination polymers with tetracarboxylate ligands

Three zincand cobaltcoordination polymers,namely{[Zn_(2)(μ_(6)-adip)(phen)_(2)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(1),{[Co_(2)(μ_(6)-adip)(bipy)_(2)]·4H_(2)O}_(n)(2),and[Co_(2)(μ4-adip)(μ-bpa)_(2)]_(n)(3)have been constructed hydrothermally using H4adip(H4adip=5,5′-azanediyldiisophthalic acid),phen(phen=1,10-phenanthroline),bipy(bipy=2,2′-bipyridine),bpa(bpa=bis(4-pyridyl)amine),and zinc and cobalt chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and single-crystal X-ray diffrac-tion analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three compounds crystallize in the orthorhom-bic system Pnna(1 and 2)or P21212(3)space groups.All compounds exhibit 3D frameworks.The catalytic perfor-mances in the Henry reaction of these compounds were investigated.Compound 3 exhibited an effective catalytic activity in the Henry reaction at 70℃.CCDC:2339391,1;2339392,2;2339393,3.

High-performance and robust high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes with moderate microphase separation by implementation of terphenyl-based polymers

Acid loss and plasticization of phosphoric acid(PA)-doped high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes(HT-PEMs)are critical limitations to their practical application in fuel cells.To overcome these barriers,poly(terphenyl piperidinium)s constructed from the m-and p-isomers of terphenyl were synthesized to regulate the microstructure of the membrane.Highly rigid p-terphenyl units prompt the formation of moderate PA aggregates,where the ion-pair interaction between piperidinium and biphosphate is reinforced,leading to a reduction in the plasticizing effect.As a result,there are trade-offs between the proton conductivity,mechanical strength,and PA retention of the membranes with varied m/p-isomer ratios.The designed PA-doped PTP-20m membrane exhibits superior ionic conductivity,good mechanical strength,and excellent PA retention over a wide range of temperature(80–160°C)as well as satisfactory resistance to harsh accelerated aging tests.As a result,the membrane presents a desirable combination of performance(1.462 W cm^(-2) under the H_(2)/O_(2)condition,which is 1.5 times higher than that of PBI-based membrane)and durability(300 h at 160°C and 0.2 A cm^(-2))in the fuel cell.The results of this study provide new insights that will guide molecular design from the perspective of microstructure to improve the performance and robustness of HT-PEMs.

Syntheses,crystal structures,and catalytic properties of three zinc(Ⅱ),cobalt(Ⅱ)and nickel(Ⅱ)coordination polymers constructed from 5⁃(4⁃carboxyphenoxy)nicotinic acid

Three zinc(Ⅱ),cobalt(Ⅱ),and nickel(Ⅱ)coordination polymers,namely[Zn(μ^(3-)cpna)(μ-dpea)_(0.5)]_(n)(1),[Co(μ^(3-)cpna)(μ-dpey)_(0.5)]_(n)(2),and[Ni(μ^(3-)cpna)(μ-dpey)_(0.5)(H_(2)O)]_(n)(3),have been constructed hydrothermally using H_(2)cpna(5-(4-carboxyphenoxy)nicotinic acid),dpea(1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane),dpey(1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene),and zinc,cobalt,and nickel chlorides at 160℃.The products were isolated as stable crystalline solids and were characterized by IR spectra,elemental analyses,thermogravimetric analyses,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that three compounds crystallize in the triclinic system,space group P1.Compounds 1-3 show 2D layer structures.The catalytic activities in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction of these compounds were investigated.Compounds 1 and 2 exhibit effective catalytic activities in the Knoevenagel condensa-tion reaction at room temperature.For this reaction,various parameters were optimized,followed by the investiga-tion of the substrate scope.CCDC:2335676,1;2335677,2;2335678,3.

The Conversion of Non-Dispersed Polymers into Low-Potassium Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluids

Different drillingfluid systems are designed according to mineral composition,lithology and wellbore stability of different strata.In the present study,the conversion of a non-dispersed polymer drillingfluid into a low potas-sium anti-collapsing drillingfluid is investigated.Since the two drillingfluids belong to completely different types,the key to this conversion is represented by new inhibitors,dispersants and water-loss agents by which a non-dispersed drillingfluid can be turned into a dispersed drillingfluid while ensuring wellbore stability and reason-able rheology(carrying sand—inhibiting cuttings dispersion).In particular,the(QYZ-1)inhibitors and(FSJSS-2)dispersants are used.The former can inhibit the hydration expansion capacity of clay,reduce the dynamic shear force and weaken the viscosity;the latter can improve the sealing effect and reduce thefiltrate loss.The results have shown that after adding a reasonable proportion of these substances(QYZ-1:FSJSS-2)to the non-dispersed polymer drillingfluid,while the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity,structural viscosity andfluidity index under-went almost negligible changes,the dynamic plastic ratio increased,and thefiltration loss decreased significantly,thereby indicating good compatibility.According to the tests(conducted in the Leijia area),the density was 1.293 g/cm3,and after standing for 24 h,the SF(static settlement factor)was 0.51.Moreover,thefiltration loss was reduced to 4.0 mL,the rolling recovery rate reached 96.92%,with excellent plugging and anti-collapse performances.

Aqueous Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers to Form Manganese Oxide-Based Polymeric Vesicles for Tumor Microenvironment-Activated Drug Delivery

Molecular self-assembly is crucially fundamental to nature.However,the aqueous self-assembly of polymers is still a challenge.To achieve self-assembly of block copolymers [(polyacrylic acid-block-polyethylene glycol-block-polyacrylic acid(PAA68-b-PEG86-b-PAA68)] in an aqueous phase,manganese oxide(MnO2) is first generated to drive phase separation of the PAA block to form the PAA68-b-PEG68-b-PAA68/MnO2 polymeric assembly that exhibits a stable structure in a physiological medium.The polymeric assembly exhibits vesicular morphology with a diameter of approximately 30 nm and high doxorubicin(DOX) loading capacity of approximately 94%.The transformation from MnO2 to Mn2+caused by endogenous glutathione(GSH)facilitates the disassembly of PAA68-b-PEG68-b-PAA68/MnO2 to enable its drug delivery at the tumor sites.The toxicity of DOXloaded PAA68-b-PEG68-b-PAA69/MnO2 to tumor cells has been verified in vitro and in vivo.Notably,drug-loaded polymeric vesicles have been demonstrated,especially in in vivo studies,to overcome the cardiotoxicity of DOX.We expect this work to encourage the potential application of polymer self-assembly.

A fast ionic transport copolymeric network for stable quasi-solid lithium metal battery

Solid-state lithium(Li) metal batteries overwhelm the lithium-ion batteries by harvesting high energy from Li metal anode with ultrahigh capacities and gaining excellent safety from solid electrolytes.However,the uncontrollable solvents in solid electrolytes usually aggravate poor interfacial contact with lithium metal anode and deteriorate Li^(+) pathways.Here a copolymeric network-structured ion conductor by rationally integrating cellulose nanofibril as a two-in-one functional material is employed to anchor the solvent.Taking advantages of tightly anchoring of cellulose nanofibril to solvent,the asconstructed quasi-solid polymer-based electrolyte offers rapid Li^(+) transport channels and realizes effective Li-dendrite suppression,which enables high ionic conductivity of 1.93 × 10^(-3)S cm^(-1) at room temperature,long-term Li plating/stripping over 1900 h,and high capacity retention of 99%.This work provides a fresh strategy for creating solid electrolytes that meet both high ionic conductivity and interfacial stability requirements for practical solid-state lithium metal battery.

Synthesis of Sustainable Sulfur-Rich Copolymers as Mercury Sorbents at 130℃ Using Tung Oil as an Activator

Sulfur-rich copolymers made through inverse vulcanization exhibit a wide range of potentially valuable applications, for example as adsorbents to capture mercury pollution. Among the diverse second monomers of the copolymers, vegetable oil is a renewable resource, and recycled cooking oils have an important role in saving natural products. However, they need relatively high temperatures(160–180 ℃) to react with sulfur. To develop a low-temperature(130 ℃) reaction process for non-conjugated vegetable oil, we incorporate a small amount of tung oil, which contains conjugated trienes that can produce highly active free radicals during reactions. A variety of analytical techniques(proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis) are used to characterize the chemical structures and physical properties of the copolymers. The addition of tung oil is found to significantly improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the copolymers. We also investigate the effect of different ratios of raw materials on the gel time, free sulfur content, glass transition temperature T_(g), and degradation temperature of the copolymers. We find that increasing the amount of tung oil in the raw material mixture decreases the gel time and free sulfur content, but increases T_(g) and the degradation temperature. The copolymers exhibit a high adsorption capacity for mercury ions up to 33 mg Hg^(2+) per gram of adsorbent. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using sulfur-rich copolymers as effective mercury removal adsorbents, with the potential for further improvement by foaming the copolymers into porous materials.

An investigation on multilayer shape memory polymers under finite bending through nonlinear thermo-visco-hyperelasticity

This study presents a semi-analytical solution to describe the behavior of shape memory polymers(SMPs) based on the nonlinear thermo-visco-hyperelasticity which originates from the concepts of internal state variables and rational thermodynamics.This method is developed for the finite bending of multilayers in a dual-shape memory effect(SME) cycle.The layer number and layering order are investigated for two different SMPs and a hyperelastic material.In addition to the semi-analytical solution,the finite element simulation is performed to verify the predicted results,where the outcomes demonstrate the excellent accuracy of the proposed solution for predicting the behavior of the multilayer SMPs.Since this method has a much lower computational cost than the finite element method(FEM),it can be used as an effective tool to analyze the SMP behavior under different conditions,including different materials,different geometries,different layer numbers,and different layer arrangements.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Oil-Water Flow with Drag Reducing Polymers in Horizontal Pipes

The well-known frictional effect related to liquid-liquid two-phaseflow in pipelines can be reduced using drag-reducing additives.In this study,such an effect has been investigated experimentally using a mixture of oil and water.Moreover,numerical simulations have been carried out using the COMSOL simulation software.The mea-surements were taken in a horizontal pipe with the length and diameter equal to 3 and 0.125 m,respectively.Moreover,Polyethylene oxide with 150 ppm was exploited to reduce the drag effect while considering different water-to-oil fractions(0.3,0.4,0.5,and 0.7)and a constant totalflow velocity of 2.3 m/s.As made evident by the results,a significant reduction can be obtained in terms of pressure drop,which becomes even more significant as the water to oil fraction is increased.The maximum achieved drag reduction is 70%with a water fraction of 0.7.The results also show that the addition of polymer additives can also have an impact on theflow pattern.Com-parison of experimental and numerically determined pressure drop indicates that the error is smaller than 7%.

Effects of Super Absorbent Polymers on Yield and Water-saving and Drought-escaping Mechanism in Spring Maize

The effects of super absorbent polymers （SAP） on yield as well as water-saving and drought-escaping mechanism in spring maize in the seasonal drought region were studied. As shown by the results, during the seasonal drought in southern China, SAP treatment promoted the soil moisture, improved the capability of absorption and transportation of roots, promoted physiological and biochemical functions, increased the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration, and reduced the stomatal conductance and transplre.tion rate. As a result, the economic characters of spring maize were improved, and the yield was increased.

Lithium-Ion Charged Polymer Channels Flattening Lithium Metal Anode

The concentration difference in the near-surface region of lithium metal is the main cause of lithium dendrite growth.Resolving this issue will be key to achieving high-performance lithium metal batteries(LMBs).Herein,we construct a lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))-implanted electroactiveβphase polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP)crystalline polymorph layer(PHL).The electronegatively charged polymer chains attain lithium ions on the surface to form lithium-ion charged channels.These channels act as reservoirs to sustainably release Li ions to recompense the ionic flux of electrolytes,decreasing the growth of lithium dendrites.The stretched molecular channels can also accelerate the transport of Li ions.The combined effects enable a high Coulombic efficiency of 97.0%for 250 cycles in lithium(Li)||copper(Cu)cell and a stable symmetric plating/stripping behavior over 2000 h at 3 mA cm^(-2)with ultrahigh Li utilization of 50%.Furthermore,the full cell coupled with PHL-Cu@Li anode and Li Fe PO_(4) cathode exhibits long-term cycle stability with high-capacity retention of 95.9%after 900 cycles.Impressively,the full cell paired with LiNi_(0.87)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.03)O_(2)maintains a discharge capacity of 170.0 mAh g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 84.3%after 100 cycles even under harsh condition of ultralow N/P ratio of 0.83.This facile strategy will widen the potential application of LiNO_(3)in ester-based electrolyte for practical high-voltage LMBs.

Ultraviolet‑Irradiated All‑Organic Nanocomposites with Polymer Dots for High‑Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage

Polymer dielectrics capable of operating efficiently at high electric fields and elevated temperatures are urgently demanded by next-generation electronics and electrical power systems.While inorganic fillers have been extensively utilized to improved high-temperature capacitive performance of dielectric polymers,the presence of thermodynamically incompatible organic and inorganic components may lead to concern about the long-term stability and also complicate film processing.Herein,zero-dimensional polymer dots with high electron affinity are introduced into photoactive allyl-containing poly(aryl ether sulfone)to form the all-organic polymer composites for hightemperature capacitive energy storage.Upon ultraviolet irradiation,the crosslinked polymer composites with polymer dots are efficient in suppressing electrical conduction at high electric fields and elevated temperatures,which significantly reduces the high-field energy loss of the composites at 200℃.Accordingly,the ultraviolet-irradiated composite film exhibits a discharged energy density of 4.2 J cm^(−3)at 200℃.Along with outstanding cyclic stability of capacitive performance at 200℃,this work provides a promising class of dielectric materials for robust high-performance all-organic dielectric nanocomposites.

Vacuum-free lamination via controlled polymer adhesion for selective photogeneration and photodetection

This study attempts to develop a reproducible thin-film formation technique called vacuum-free(VF)lamination,which transfers thin films using elastomeric polymer-based laminating mediators.Precisely,by controlling the interface characteristics of the mediator based on the work of adhesion,VF lamination is successfully performed for various thicknesses(from 20 to 240 nm)of a conjugated photoactive material composed of poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-bʹ]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1ʹ,3ʹ-di-2-thienyl-5ʹ,7ʹ-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1ʹ,2ʹ-c:4ʹ,5ʹ-cʹ]dithiophene-4,8-dione)](a polymer donor)and 2,2ʹ-((2Z,2ʹZ)-((12,13-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2ʹʹ,3ʹʹ:4ʹ,5ʹ]thieno[2ʹ,3ʹ:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2ʹ,3ʹ:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(a nonfullerene acceptor).Interestingly,the organic photovoltaic and photodetecting applications,prepared by the VF lamination process,showed superior performance compared to those of devices prepared by conventional spin-coating.This is due to the overturned surface morphology,which led to enhanced charge transport ability and blocking of the externally injected charge.Thus,the reproducible VF lamination process,exploiting an adhesion-based elastomeric polymer mediator,is a promising thin-film formation technique for developing efficient next-generation organic optoelectronic materials consistent with the solution process.

Erosion control of Chinese loess using polymer SH and ryegrass

The China Loess Plateau is subjected to severe soil erosion triggered by intense rainfall,resulting in significant harm and losses to both human society and the natural surroundings.In this study,a novel technique for managing loess erosion is introduced,which involves the utilization of a combined polymer SH and ryegrass.A comprehensive series of tests were undertaken,including rainfall erosion tests,disintegration experiments,and scanning electron microscopy examinations,to assess the accumulative sediment yield(ASY),disintegration ratio,and microstructural features of both untreated and treated loess samples.The results showed a significant reduction in ASY with increased dry density of untreated loess.Furthermore,the combined technique effectively controlled erosion,limiting ASY to 266.2 g/cm^(2)in 60 minutes.This was approximately one-sixth,one-ninth,and one-fifteenth of the ASY in SH-treated loess(L-SH),ryegrass-treated loess(L-R),and untreated loess,respectively.It resisted disintegration better than ryegrass alone but slightly less than SH.This improvement was due to the combined effect of SH and ryegrass,which reduced raindrop impact,improved loess microstructure,and boosted ryegrass growth.The innovative technique holds the potential to be applied as a field-scale technique in the Loess Plateau region of China.

Charting the course to solid-state dual-ion batteries

An electrolyte destined for use in a dual-ion battery(DIB)must be stable at the inherently high potential required for anion intercalation in the graphite electrode,while also protecting the Al current collector from anodic dissolution.A higher salt concentration is needed in the electrolyte,in comparison to typical battery electrolytes,to maximize energy density,while ensuring acceptable ionic conductivity and operational safety.In recent years,studies have demonstrated that highly concentrated organic electrolytes,ionic liquids,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs),ionogels,and water-in-salt electrolytes can potentially be used in DIBs.GPEs can help reduce the use of solvents and thus lead to a substantial change in the Coulombic efficiency,energy density,and long-term cycle life of DIBs.Furthermore,GPEs are suited to manufacture compact DIB designs without separators by virtue of their mechanical strength and electrical performance.In this review,we highlight the latest advances in the application of different electrolytes in DIBs,with particular emphasis on GPEs.

A Stable Open-Shell Conjugated Diradical Polymer with Ultra-High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for NIR-Ⅱ Photo-Immunotherapy of Metastatic Tumor

Massive efforts have been concentrated on the advance of eminent near-infrared(NIR) photothermal materials(PTMs) in the NIR-Ⅱ window(1000–1700 nm), especially organic PTMs because of their intrinsic biological safety compared with inorganic PTMs. However, so far, only a few NIR-Ⅱresponsive organic PTMs was explored, and their photothermal conversion efficiencies(PCEs) still remain relatively low. Herein, donor–acceptor conjugated diradical polymers with open-shell characteristics are explored for synergistically photothermal immunotherapy of metastatic tumors in the NIR-Ⅱ window. By employing side-chain regulation, the conjugated diradical polymer TTB-2 with obvious NIR-Ⅱ absorption was developed, and its nanoparticles realize a record-breaking PCE of 87.7% upon NIR-Ⅱ light illustration. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that TTB-2 nanoparticles show good tumor photoablation with navigation of photoacoustic imaging in the NIR-Ⅱ window, without any side-effect. Moreover, by combining with PD-1 antibody,the pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer is high-effectively prevented by the efficient photo-immunity effect. Thus, this study explores superior PTMs for cancer metastasis theranostics in the NIR-Ⅱ window, offering a new horizon in developing radical-characteristic NIR-Ⅱ photothermal materials.

Polymer engineering for electrodes of aqueous zinc ion batteries

With the increasing demand for scalable and cost-effective electrochemical energy storage,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have a broad application prospect as an inexpensive,efficient,and naturally secure energy storage device.However,the limitations suffered by AZIBs,including volume expansion and active materials dissolution of the cathode,electrochemical corrosion,irreversible side reactions,zinc dendrites of the anode,have seriously decelerated the civilianization process of AZIBs.Currently,polymers have tremendous superiority for application in AZIBs attributed to their exceptional chemical stability,tunable structure,high energy density and outstanding mechanical properties.Considering the expanding applications of AZIBs and the superiority of polymers,this comprehensive paper meticulously reviews the benefits of utilizing polymeric applied to cathodes and anodes,respectively.To begin with,with adjustable structure as an entry point,the correlation between polymer structure and the function of energy storage as well as optimization is deeply investigated in respect to the mechanism.Then,depending on the diversity of properties and structures,the development of polymers in AZIBs is summarized,including conductive polymers,redox polymers as well as carbon composite polymers for cathode and polyvinylidene fluoride-,carbonyl-,amino-,nitrile-based polymers for anode,and a comprehensive evaluation of the shortcomings of these strategies is provided.Finally,an outlook highlights some of the challenges posed by the application of polymers and offers insights into the potential future direction of polymers in AZIBs.It is designed to provide a thorough reference for researchers and developers working on polymer for AZIBs.