Association of Fibrin Monomer Polymerization Function, Cerebrovascular Risk Factors and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease in Old People

In order to investigate the association of fibrin monomer polymerization function (FMPF) with traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in old people. 1∶1 paired case-control comparative study was performed for FMPF and traditional cerebrovascular risk factors on 110 cases of old ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 110 controls matched on age, sex and living condition. The results showed that cerebrovascular risk factors were more prevalent in case group than in control group. In the case group, FMPF was significantly higher than in control group. There was a significant positive correlation between hypertension and fibrin monomer polymerization velocity (FMPV), hypertension and fibrinogen (Fbg), alcohol consumption and Fbg, but no significant correlation between diabetic mellitus, smoking and FMPF was found. Among the parameters of blood lipids, there were significant positive correlations between total cholesterol (TC) and parameters of FMPF to varying degrees, triglycerides (TG) and FMPV, TG and Fbg. Our results also showed there were significant linear trends between TC and FMPV (P<0. 001), TC and Fbg (P=0. 0087), TG and FMPV/Amax (maximum absorbance)(P=0. 0143) respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that FMPF in case group remained significantly higher than control group after adjustment of all risk factors that were significant in univariate analysis. It was concluded that there is a possible pathophysiological link between FMPF and cerebrovascular risk factors. An elevated FMPF is associated with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and an independent risk factor of this disease. In old people, detection of FMPF might be a useful screening to identify individuals at increased cerebrothrombotic risk.

Scalable and Heavy Foam Functionalization by Electrode-Inspired Sticky Jammed Fluids for Efficient Indoor Air-Quality Management

Functionalization of polymer foams by surface coating is of great interest for advanced flow-interactive materials working with well-controlled 3D open channels.However,realizing heavy functional coating via a fast and recyclable way remains a big challenge.Here,inspired by the battery electrodes,we propose a scalable mechanic-assisted heavy coating strategy based on the design of sticky jammed fluid(SJF)to conquer the above challenge.Similar to the electrode slurry,the SJF is dominated by a high concentration of active material(≥20 wt%of active carbon,for instance)uniformly dispersed in a protein binder solution.Due to the sticky and solidrich nature of the SJF,one can realize a high coating efficiency of 60 wt%gain per coating.The critical factors controlling the coating processing and quality are further identified and discussed.Furthermore,the functionalized foam is demonstrated as a high-performance shape-customizable toxic gas remover,which can absorb formaldehyde very efficiently at different circumstances,including static adsorption,flow-based filtration,and source interception.Finally,the foam skeleton and the active materials are easily recycled by a facile solvent treatment.This study may inspire new scalable way for fast,heavy,and customizable functionalization of polymeric foams.

P(VDF-HFP)-poly(sulfur-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) functional polymer electrolyte for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)battery as a high-energy density electrochemical energy storage system has attracted many researchers’attention.However,the shuttle effect of Li–S batteries and the challenges associated with lithium metal anode caused poor cycle performance.In this work,the organosulfide poly(sulfur-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)(PSD)was prepared as cathode material and additive of P(VDFHFP)polymer electrolyte(P(VDF-HFP)).It was verified that P(VDF-HFP)polymer electrolyte with 10%PSD(P(VDF-HFP)-10%PSD)showed a higher ionic conductivities than that of liquid electrolyte up to2.27×10-3 S cm-1 at room temperature.The quasi-solid-state Li-S batteries fabricated with organosulfide cathode material PSD and P(VDF-HFP)based functional polymer electrolyte delivered good cycling stability(780 m Ah g-1 after 200 th cycle at 0.1 C)and rate performance(613 m Ah g-1 at 1 C).The good cycling performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of components,including the interaction between polysulfides and polymer main chain in the organosulfide cathode,the sustained organic/inorganic hybrid stable SEI layer formed by polymer electrolyte additive PSD,the improved cathode/electrolyte interface and the good affinity between P(VDF-HFP)based functional polymer electrolyte and Li metal surface.This strategy herein may provide a new route to fabricate high-performance Li–S batteries through the organosulfide cathode and functional polymer electrolyte.

“Toolbox”for the Processing of Functional Polymer Composites

Functional polymer composites(FPCs)have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities.These functionalities are largely determined by functional fillers and their network morphology in polymer matrix.In recent years,a large number of studies on morphology control and interfacial modification have been reported,where numerous preparation methods and exciting performance of FPCs have been reported.Despite the fact that these FPCs have many similarities because they are all consisting of functional inorganic fillers and polymer matrices,review on the overall progress of FPCs is still missing,and especially the overall processing strategy for these composites is urgently needed.Herein,a"Toolbox"for the processing of FPCs is proposed to summarize and analyze the overall processing strategies and corresponding morphology evolution for FPCs.From this perspective,the morphological control methods already utilized for various FPCs are systematically reviewed,so that guidelines or even predictions on the processing strategies of various FPCs as well as multi-functional polymer composites could be given.This review should be able to provide interesting insights for the field of FPCs and boost future intelligent design of various FPCs.

VINYL RADICAL POLYMERIZATION INITIATED WITH CERIC ION AND ETHYL N, N-DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMYL ACETATE SYSTEM

Acrylamide polymerization initiated with a redox initiation system consisting of eerie ion and ethyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl acetate (EDCA) has been studied. It was found that the polymerization rate equation is in good agreement with that of a redox initiated polymerization, and the overall activation energy of the polymerization was determined to be 25.2 kJ.mol(-1). Accordingly, the system belongs to a redox initiator. The initiation mechanism was proposed based on the end group analysis using FT-IR, UV spectroscopies. Analysis results revealed that the N, N-diethyldithiocarbamyl radical produced from the redox reaction of EDCA with eerie ion can initiate acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization and form the end group on PAN. The resulting PAN was photopolymerized with butyl acrylate (BE) to form PAN-b-PBA block copolymer.

Effect of Preparation Process of Functional Polymer Active Materials on Properties of Gadolinium Ion Selective Electrode

Recently we have studied the rare earth ion-selective electrodes with active materials of the func-tional polymers and found that the process chosen for the functional polymers had an effect on the propertiesof gadolinium ion selective electrode besides the effects of their structures.1.Effect of preparation process of the grafted polymers on the properties ofgadolinium ion selective electrodesThe electrode membranes which consist of functional polymers as active materials were prepared by re-action of gadolinium chloride with the radiation grafted clmer of acrlic acid and polystyrene of which

EFFECT OF STRUCTURE OF FUNCTIONAL POLYMER ACTIVE MATERIALS ON PROPERTIES OF GADOLINIUM ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODE

In this paper,the functional polymeric active materials were prepared by the grafting copolymerization and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that the structure and properties of these ac- tive materials have the relative large effects on the properties of gadolinium ion selective electrodes.

Mitsunobu Functionalization of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Derivatives

Polymer functionalization is a powerful tool to prepare polymers with diverse structures without the need of synthesizing monomers or performing polymerization reactions.Polymers that are difficult to be synthesized using direct polymerization reactions can be accessed using polymer functionalization.We herein present Mitsunobu derivatization of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)to convert the hydroxyl groups into diverse functional groups.

Recent progress and perspective in additive manufacturing of EMI shielding functional polymer nanocomposites

Because of rapid progress in the electronics industry,the market has faced a huge demand for novel materials in the field of electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.Conductive functional polymer composites have demonstrated great potential to fulfill this requirement.To synthesize the polymeric composites,functional conductive nanoadditives such as graphene,carbon nanotubes,and MXene are commonly added to polymeric matrices,and the conductive polymer nanocomposites exhibit promising electrical conductivity as well as EMI shielding performance.Additive manufacturing(AM),also referred to as threedimensional(3D)printing,has been increasingly employed to fabricate complicated geometry components in the medical,aerospace,and automotive industries.AM has also been used to fabricate advanced EMI shielding materials for sensors,supercapacitors,energy storage devices,and flexible electronics.This review aims at introducing the different 3D printing methods applied for the fabrication of EMI shielding polymer nanocomposites.The impact of the AM process on the functionality of the samples is also reviewed.Additionally,the influence of the nanofiller type and amount on the microstructure and performance of the fabricated nanocomposites is discussed.Finally,the prospects and recommended works for future study are outlined.

用于室温全固态锂金属电池的精准丁二腈官能团化聚氧化乙烯固态电解质

聚环氧乙烷(PEO)聚合物电解质有望应用于全固态锂金属电池.然而,目前还没有提出有效的方法制备全固态PEO电解质,以克服其在室温下无法使用的局限性.在本研究中,我们基于聚合物C-H键功能化策略,通过在聚合物链上直接共价连接具有锂配位活性的丁二腈官能团,设计出了一种高离子导电性PEO电解质.该官能团有效增强了PEO链的无序性和流动性,同时也作为链间快速离子传导的活性位点,从而实现了离子周围自由体积和迁移行为的双重优化.得益于官能团对离子输运的精准调节,新型电解质表现出更强的离子传导性(离子电导率提升100倍)、更高的转移数(tLi+=0.51)和更宽的电化学窗口(>0.47 V).特别是功能化的PEO300k电解质具有超高室温离子电导率(25℃时为1.01×10^(-4)S cm^(-1))并且能够在室温下稳定工作,该研究为开发具有实际应用价值的聚合物电解质提供了新的途径.

Current advances and future perspectives of additive manufacturing for functional polymeric materials and devices

Three-dimensional(3D)printing has received extensive attention due to its unique multidimensional functionality and customizability and has been recognized as one of the most revolutionary manufacturing technologies.Functional 3D printed products represent an important orientation for next-generationmanufacturing and attract a great spotlight for the application in sensors,actuators,robots,electronics,and medical devices.However,the lack of functions of printing polymeric materials dramatically limits the development of functional 3D printing.Different from traditional processing,the physical properties,such as geometry and rheological behavior,of the polymericmaterialsmust match the printing process,making the selection of printable materials limited.More importantly,challenges in large-scale production of such materials further stifle the development of functional 3D printing industry.In this review,we aim to outline recent advances in polymeric materials and methodologies for the functional 3D printing technology.The reports are classified based on functionalities,including electronic conductive,thermally conductive,electromagnetic interference shielding,energy storage,and energy harvesting materials.This study attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities for 3D printing functional polymeric materials/devices,also seeks to enlighten the orientation of future research in this field.

Long-period grating inscription on polymer functionalized optical microfibers and its applications in optical sensing

We demonstrated long-period grating(LPG) inscription on polymer functionalized optical microfibers and its applications in optical sensing. Optical microfibers were functionalized with ultraviolet-sensitive polymethyl methacrylate jackets and, thus, LPGs could be inscribed on optical microfibers via point-by-point ultraviolet laser exposure. For a 2 mm long microfiber LPG(MLPG) inscribed on optical microfibers with a diameter of 5.4 μm, a resonant dip of 15 d B at 1377 nm was observed. This MLPG showed a high sensitivity of strain and axial force, i.e.,-1.93 pm∕με and-1.15 pm∕μN, respectively. Although the intrinsic temperature sensitivity of the LPGs is relatively low, i.e.,-12.75 pm∕°C, it can be increased to be-385.11 pm∕°C by appropriate sealing. Benefiting from the small footprint and high sensitivity, MLPGs could have potential applications in optical sensing of strain,axial force, and temperature.

Manipulating dielectric property of polymer coatings toward highretention-rate lithium metal full batteries under harsh critical conditions

Lithium(Li)metal batteries(LMBs)can potentially deliver much higher energy density but remain plagued by uncontrollable Li plating with dendrite growth,unstable interfaces,and highly abundant excess Li(>50 mAh·cm^(-2)).Herein,different from the artificial layer or three-dimensional(3D)matrix host constructions,various dielectric polymers are initially well-comprehensively investigated from experimental characterizations to theoretical simulation to evaluate their functions in modulating Li ion distribution.As a proof of concept,a 3D interwoven high dielectric functional polymer(HDFP)nanofiber network with polar C-F dipole moments electrospun on copper(Cu)foil is designed,realizing uniform and controllable Li deposition capacity up to 5.0 mAh·cm^(-2),thereby enabling stable Li plating/stripping cycling over 1400 h at 1.0 mA·cm^(-2).More importantly,under the highcathode loading(~3.1 mAh·cm^(-2))and only 0.6×excess Li(N/P ratio of 1.6),the full cells retain capacity retention of 97.4%after 200 cycles at 3.36 mA·cm^(-2)and achieve high energy density(297.7 Wh·kg^(-1)at cell-level)under lean electrolyte conditions(15μL),much better than ever-reported literatures.Our work provides a new direction for designing high dielectric polymer coating toward high-retention-rate practical Li full batteries.

MAGNETIC POLYMER MICROSPHERE STABILIZED GOLD NANOCOLLOIDS AS A FACILELY RECOVERABLE CATALYST

Magnetically responsive hierarchical magnetite/silica/poly（ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate-co-4-vinylpyridine） （Fe3O4/SiO2/P（EGDMA-co-VPy）） tri-layer microspheres were used as stabilizers for gold metallic nanoeolloids as a facilely recoverable catalyst with the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol as a model reaction. The magnetic microsphere stabilized gold metallic nanocolloids were prepared by in situ reduction of gold chloride trihydrate with borohydride as reductant via the stabilization effect of the pyridyl groups to gold nanoparticles on the surface of the outer shell-layer of the inorganic/polymer tri-layer microspheres.

Construction of mesoporous ceria-supported gold catalysts with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient CO oxidation

Bearing unique redox nature and high oxygen storage capacity,ceria(CeO_(2))has always been a promising CO oxidation catalyst support for gold(Au)catalysts and the like.Herein,a series of Au-CeO_(2)-P(P stands for pH value)samples was prepared by a co-precipitation method with the assistance of an alkaline environment and amino groups functionalized ordered mesoporous polymer(OMP-NH_(2)).Afterward,all samples described above were characterized that the Au-CeO_(2)-P catalysts are made of Au-Ce-O solid solution and Au nanoparticles(NPs)supported on CeO_(2).It turns out that OMP-NH_(2) is not just a simple sacrificial template for mesoporous structure,but also plays an important role as an amino source,explaining the presence of rich oxygen vacancies.Due to the concentration of oxygen vacancies in Au-Ce-O solid solution is the key factor for the oxygen mobility of CO oxidation,the catalytic results also demonstrate that the catalytic activity of Au-CeO_(2)-P catalysts is related to the concentration of their oxygen vacancies.Moreover,Au-CeO_(2)-9.6 with a highest concentration of oxygen vacancies(as high as 13.98%)in Au-CeO_(2)-P catalysts exhibits the best catalytic activity(complete conversion at 10℃).

Polymer brushes on hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates via stable Si--C bond

We demonstrate a straightforward and efficient method for the creation of polymer brushes on hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates through the UV-induced photopoiymerization. The surface grafting polymerization is applicable to a series of monomers, allowing the direct formation of homogeneous polymer coatings ranging from hydrophilic poly（2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline） （PIPOx）, amphiphilic poly（N-isopropyl acrylamide） （PNIPAM）, to hydrophobic polystyrene （PS） and poly（4- （1H,1H,2H,2H-perfiuorohexyl）oxymethylstyrene） （PPHMS） on Si（100） and Si（lll） surfaces via stable Si--C bonds. Polymerization kinetic investigation indicates a linear increase of polymer layer thickness with the polymerization time. Moreover, the as-prepared polymer brushes exhibit superior stability against basic conditions in contrast to those that were formed on silicon substrates via conventional Si--O--C bond.