Study on the pharmacokinetics of tea polyphenols injection in rat plasma

Objective To study pharmacokinetics of the main active ingredients(-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)and(-)Epicatechin-3-gallate(ECG)of tea polyphenols(TP)injection in rats.Methods EGCG and ECG in rat plasma were analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC,by which EGCG and ECG were eluted from a Kromasil C18 column with a linear gradient mobile phase consisting of CH3CN-0.1% citric acid at a gradient flow rate of 1.0-1.5 mL·min-1 and monitored at a wavelength of 280 nm.Fifteen rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5 animals receiving iv administration of TP injection,formulated with catechins-containing extract from green tea,at doses of 150,100 and 50 mg·kg-1,respectively.Blood samples were collected pre-dosing and 2,5,10,20,40,60,90,120,180,240,300 min postdosing.Aliquots of obtained plasma(200 μL)were cleaned up by liquid-liquid extraction with double volumes of EtoAc and were reconstituted with 100 μL of 10% CH3CN aqueous solution before injecting to chromatograph.Results The time course of EGCG and ECG concentrations in rat plasma decayed in a biexponential fashion.Their iv pharmacokinetics could be described by the two-compartment model and first-order kinetics with t1/2β 112.39-145.20 min and 46.63-61.48 min,Vd 6.28-7.96 L·kg-1 and 0.90-1.22 L·kg-1,CL 0.034-0.044 L·kg-1·min-1 and 0.010-0.015 L·kg-1·min-1 for EGCG and ECG,respectively.Conclusions The EGCG and ECG in plasma of rats administered i.v.TP injection pharmacokinetically behaved with linear kinetics over dose range studied.The two catechin derivatives undergo rapid elimination from rat body.As compared with ECG,EGCG eliminates at a relatively slow rate,and is distributed very widely with a Vd greatly exceeding the volume of total body water,suggesting that EGCG is likely to enter the tissue cells or strongly bind to some tissues to exert its potent antioxidant effects.The aforementioned characteristics of EGCG may be due to its high lipophilicity.

Evaluation of the intracellular lipid-lowering effect of polyphenols extract from highland barley in HepG2 cells

Active ingredients from highland barley have received considerable attention as natural products for developing treatments and dietary supplements against obesity.In practical application,the research of food combinations is more significant than a specific food component.This study investigated the lipid-lowering effect of highland barley polyphenols via lipase assay in vitro and HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid(OA).Five indexes,triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(T-CHO),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),were used to evaluate the lipidlowering effect of highland barley extract.We also preliminary studied the lipid-lowering mechanism by Realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR).The results indicated that highland barley extract contains many components with lipid-lowering effects,such as hyperoside and scoparone.In vitro,the lipase assay showed an 18.4%lipase inhibition rate when the additive contents of highland barley extract were 100μg/m L.The intracellular lipid-lowering effect of highland barley extract was examined using 0.25 mmol/L OA-induced HepG2 cells.The results showed that intracellular TG,LDL-C,and T-CHO content decreased by 34.4%,51.2%,and 18.4%,respectively.ALT and AST decreased by 51.6%and 20.7%compared with the untreated hyperlipidemic HepG2 cells.q PCR results showed that highland barley polyphenols could up-regulation the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes such as PPARγand Fabp4.

Research progress in pharmacological effects of polyphenols in Areca catechu L.

Betel nut is the dry and mature seed of Areca catechu L.,which is originated in Malaysia and cultivated in Yunnan,Hainan and Taiwan and other tropical areas of China.It is also known as big belly,binmen,olive seed,green seed and so on.Betel nut is a dual-use resource for medicine and food,which was first contained in LI Dang′s Pharmaceutical Record.Betel nut tastes bitter,pungent,warm in nature,and belongs to the stomach and large intestine meridian.It contains a variety of chemical components such as alkaloids,phenolic compounds,polysaccharides,fatty acids,amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, terpenoids, and steroids. It has the advantages of promoting digestion, lowering blood pres sure, anti-depression, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and anti-parasites, antibacterial and other activities. The content of total phenols in fresh fruits of areca nut was 31.1%, mainly including catechin, isorhamnetin, chrysopanthoxanthin, luteolin, tannin and other polyphenols. The commonly used methods for determination of polyphenols in areca are vanil lin titration potassium permanganate titration and potassium ferricyanide spectrophotometry. The main activities and mechanisms of areca polyphenols include: ① Antidepressant effect: polyphenols bind to monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) receptors that inhibit the production of neurotransmitters, thereby increasing the content of amine transmitters in the brain and playing a therapeutic effect on depression. ② Antioxidant effect: polyphenols contain multiple adjacent hydroxyl groups, which are easily oxidized and can effectively remove superoxide anion free radical, hydroxyl free radi cal, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, showing good antioxidant activity. ③ Bacteriostatic effect: polyphenols can spe cifically bind to the surface of bacteria, thus achieving bacteriostatic effect. Studies have found that betel nut polyphenols have varying degrees of inhibitory effects on a variety of bacteria. ④ Inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes: polyphenols deplete the mercaptan in lymphocytes and make them unable to survive, thus inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes. ⑤ Anti-aging effect: polyphenols have the effect of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase, so as to protect elastin fiber and pro mote collagen synthesis. ⑥ Anti-allergic effect: studies have found that polyphenols can reduce ovalbumin induced aller gic reactions. ⑦ Other functions: betel nut can freshen breath, eliminate bad breath, and resist the activity of cobra venom. At present, domestic and foreign scholars′ research on betel nut mainly focuses on arecoline and its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, effects on reproductive function, addiction and toxicity to the nervous system, and there are few studies on the positive effects of betel nut, especially on it. There is less research on phenolic ingredients. Therefore, this article reviews the polyphenolic chemical constituents of betel nut, and fully excavates its pharmacological activity to provide a reasonable basis for the scientific use of betel nut.

Antibacterial mechanism of kojic acid and tea polyphenols against Escherichia coli O157:H7 through transcriptomic analysis

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the major foodborne pathogenic bacterial that cause infectious diseases in humans.The previous found that a combination of kojic acid and tea polyphenols exhibited better activity against E.coli O157:H7 than using either alone.This study aimed to explore responses underlying the antibacterial mechanisms of kojic acid and tea polyphenols from the gene level.The functional enrichment analysis by comparing kojic acid and tea polyphenols individually or synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 found that acid resistance systems in kojic acid were activated,and the cell membrane and genomic DNA were destructed in the cells,resulting in“oxygen starvation”.The oxidative stress response triggered by tea polyphenols inhibited both sulfur uptake and the synthesis of ATP,which affected the bacteria's life metabolic process.Interestingly,we found that kojic acid combined with tea polyphenols hindered the uptake of iron that played an essential role in the synthesis of DNA,respiration,tricarboxylic acid cycle.The results suggested that the iron uptake pathways may represent a novel approach for kojic acid and tea polyphenols synergistically against E.coli O157:H7 and provided a theoretical basis for bacterial pathogen control in the food industry.

Clinical Assessment of a Pharmaceutical Polyphenol Fruit Extract Gel to Inhibit Dental Plaque

Oral bacteria (e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis) are associated and potentially co-causative in several medical conditions including Alzheimer’s disease and increased cardiovascular risk. Naturally occurring polyphenols are a developing class of antimicrobial pharmaceutical agents. The use of plant-based polyphenol compounds is an attractive area of medical and dental research due to their high safety factor from their presence in vegetables and fruits. This preliminary study evaluated polyphenols found in berries to reduce bacterial dental plaque accumulation. The study was an in vivo single blind randomized controlled trial of seven subjects with a novel tooth gel using validated measurements. Results showed a significant reduction in plaque accumulation (p = 0.005) and a non-significant trend to reduce gingivitis (p = 0.08). The bioactive gel showed no local or systemic adverse effects and was well tolerated by subjects.

Akkermansia muciniphila-directed polyphenol chlorogenic acid intervention for obesity in mice

Akkermansia muciniphila play an important in ameliorating obesity but is not allowed for direct consumption in most countries.To date,microbiota-directed foods selectively promote the targeted human gut microbes,providing a strategy for A.muciniphila enhancement.Multiple studies have indicated the potential regulation of the polyphenol on A.muciniphila.Therefore,a polyphenol screening based on A.muciniphila upregulation was performed in mice.Chlorogenic acid(CGA)exhibited a greater response to A.muciniphila upregulation.Furthermore,we found that CGA did not directly promote A.muciniphila growth or mucin secretion.Microbiome and metabolomics revealed that the increased abundance of A.muciniphila resulted from the inhibition of CGA on Desulfovibrio and Alistipes and the influence of docosahexaenoic acid,β-hydroxybutyrate,and N-acetyl-lactosamine.Finally,to confirm the regulation of CGA on A.muciniphila under disease conditions,high-fat diet-fed mice were established.The results showed CGA promoted A.muciniphila growth,and we expectedly found that CGA suppressed the augment in body weight of mice,significantly attenuated adipose tissue abnormality,provided liver protection and improved gut barrier integrity.These results suggest that CGA inhibits the development of obesity.Overall,our results indicate that microbiota-directed food is a promising approach for the treatment of obesity.

A review of pharmacological activity and application potential in food of tea polyphenols

Tea polyphenols(TP)is a class of polyhydroxy compounds isolated from tea.Modern biological and medical studies have shown that TP has many pharmacological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-virus,anti-oxidation,anti-tumor and anti-radiation.Furthermore,these substances can be used as a potential drug component to positively guide the occurrence and development of certain diseases.Furthermore,because of the activities of TP,such as anti-oxidation and anti-bacteria,it can be applied in food preservation,color preservation,deodorization,and treatment of food processing by-products.Based on the research progress of TP in recent years,this paper summarizes the pharmacological activities of TP and expounds on its application potential in the field of food.In order to provide a theoretical reference for the research,development and utilization of TP.

Utilization of pH-driven methods to fortify nanoemulsions with multiple polyphenols

Simple but effective methods are required to incorporate multiple bioactive polyphenols into delivery systems to increase their dispersibility,stability and bioavailability.We developed and tested three p Hdriven protocols for creating nanoemulsions loaded with multiple lipophilic polyphenols.These protocols differed in how the different polyphenols were incorporated into the nanoemulsions.The impact of these three methods on the formation,properties,and gastrointestinal fate of nanoemulsions loaded with curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin was investigated.The three methods produced nanoemulsions with similar initial particle properties:droplet diameters(0.15,0.16,and 0.15μm)and zeta-potentials(–59,–58,and–58 m V),respectively.However,the average encapsulation efficiencies(82%,88%,and 61%),gastrointestinal stabilities(83%,97%,and 29%)and bioaccessibilities(77%,90%,and 73%)for curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin were somewhat different.In particular,more quercetin degradation occurred using the approach that held it under alkaline conditions for extended periods.In general,the p H-driven method provides researchers with a versatile approach of incorporating multiple polyphenols with different characteristics into functional food and beverages using a simple and inexpensive method.

Exploring the mechanism of hypolipidemic effect of polyphenols in wolfberry based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

To explore the mechanism of hypolipidemic action of wolfberry polyphenols by using network pharmacology and molecular docking.The active ingredients and targets of wolfberry were searched by TCMSP,and the Cytoscape 3.9.0 software was used to construct a“wolfberry component-target”network.The Gene Cards database was used to screen the hyperlipidemic targets and intersect them with the active targets of wolfberry to construct the PPI network using the STRING platform.The gene ontology(GO)function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of the core targets were carried out on the Metascape platform,and molecular docking of the active ingredients to the core targets was performed using AutoDockTools software.A total of 33 active ingredients and 173 potential targets of wolfberry were screened,including 99 targets related to hyperlipidemia.The results of the analysis of 99 intersecting targets with the components of wolfberry identified the core active ingredients as quercetin,glycitein and atropine.The binding of the major components of wolfberry,including the polyphenolic compounds quercetin and glycitein,as well as atropine to the key targets AKT1,IL6 and TNF may be important mechanisms for the hypolipidemic therapeutic effect.GO functional enrichment analysis involves biological processes,cellular components,and molecular functions.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involves the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,fluid shear stress,and TNF signaling pathway.Molecular docking validated the good binding activity of the targets to the active ingredients.The binding of atropine and the polyphenolic compounds quercetin and glycitein to the key targets AKT1,IL6 and TNF may be an important mechanism for the hypolipidemic therapeutic effect of wolfberry.

The mechanism of polyphenols in perilla against hyperuricemia using network pharmacology and molecular docking

To investigate the possible targets and mechanisms of polyphenols in perilla in the treatment of hyperuricemia(HUA)Batman-TCM,TCMSP,PubMed,and CNKI databases were used to obtain the main components of perilla and component-related targets.HUA targets were collected through GeneCards and OMIM online platforms.The HUA target and the perilla component target were crossed to obtain a common target.Protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database,and the compound-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape software.The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database.Molecular docking was used to verify the results.Thirteen potential active components,101 component targets,901 HUA-related targets,and 36 common targets were screened out.Through network topology analysis,core targets such as TP53,TNF,CASP3,and PPARG and active components such as luteolin,β-carotene,cyanidin,catechin,and linolenic acid ethyl ester were obtained.The topology analysis of the“compound-target-pathway”network showed that the polyphenolic compounds luteolin,cyanidin,and catechin were the main active components of the perilla in the treatment of HUA.This study showed that the treatment of HUA with perilla had the characteristics of a multi-component,multi-target,and multi-signal pathway,which provided a scientific basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of the treatment of HUA with the potential active components of perilla.

Protective effects of oleic acid and polyphenols in extra virgin olive oil on cardiovascular diseases

The Mediterranean diet has long been recognized as one of the most effective ways to prevent and improve cardiovascular disease.Extra virgin olive oil(EVOO)is the typical sources of fat in the Mediterranean diet which have been shown to have noteworthy nutritional value and positive impact on human health.It is worth noting that EVOO owes its superior nutritional value to its bioactive composition.The main component of EVOO is monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs)in the form of oleic acid.Oleic acid accounts for up to 70%-80%of EVOO.Secondly,EVOO contains approximately more than 30 phenolic compounds,of which HT is essential for the protection against cardiovascular diseases.In this review,we focused on the potential mechanisms of oleic acid and polyphenols combat cardiovascular diseases risk in terms of oxidative stress,inflammation,blood pressure,endothelial function and cholesterol.This review might provide a reference for the studies on cardiovascular protective effects of EVOO.

The anti-HIV-1 activity of polyphenols from Phyllanthus urinaria and the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of its marker compound, gallic acid

Objective:To investigate the in vitro anti-HIV-1 activities and its associated mechanism of action of an extract isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria (P.urinaria) and to develop an HPLC test method for detecting gallic acid (GA) in plasma and tissues to study its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in rats.Methods:An extract of P.urinaria was isolated and purified by phytochemistry and chromatography techniques.The anti-HIV-1 activities and toxicities of the extract and its component GA were determined in human T lymph cells (MT-4) by theMTTr method.The mechanism of its anti-HIV-1 action was studied to examine the in vitro binding of its components with HIV-1 target proteins by Biacore technique.The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of GA were investigated after oral administration of polyphenol extract (PE) and pure GA in rats.The concentrations of GA in plasma and tissues were determined by HPLC.Results:The PE and GA isolated from P.urinaria had anti-HIV-1 activities with IC50s of 0.61 μg/mL and 0.76 μg/mL,respectively.The Biacore study indicated that PE and GA interacted with HIV-1 RT,gp120,and P24.The pharmacokinetic parameters Tmax,Cm ax,AUC0-t,and T1/2 for GA were (60.0 ± 3.0) minutes,(2.87 ± 0.50) μg·mL-1,(343.5 ± 11.2) mg·min·L-1,and (113.3 ± 9.3) minutes while the parameters for GA in the PE were (10.0 ± 1.3) minutes,(3.89 ± 0.90) μg·mL-1,(394.7 ± 14.0) mg· min· L-1,and (81.7 ± 4.1) minutes,respectively.GA was detected in rat lungs,liver,kidneys,heart and spleen.Conclusion:APE isolated from P.urinaria containing GA has anti-HIV-1 activities.GA is quickly absorbed and slowly eliminated in rats after oral administration.The pharmacokinetics of GA administered as a PE is desirable,and it is widely distributed in the main tissues of lung and liver.Both its properties and anti-HIV-1 activities make it of interest for further studies.

The modulatory effect of oolong tea polyphenols on intestinal flora and hypothalamus gene expression in a circadian rhythm disturbance mouse model

The interaction between host circadian rhythm and gut microbes through the gut-brain axis provides new clues for tea polyphenols to improve host health.Our present research showed that oolong tea polyphenols(OTP)improved the structural disorder of the intestinal flora caused by continuous darkness,thereby modulating the production of metabolites related to pyruvate metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,and tryptophan metabolism to alleviate the steady-state imbalance.After fecal microbiota transplantation from the OTP group,the single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that OTP significantly increased the number of hypothalamus cell clusters,up-regulated the number of astrocytes and fibroblasts,and enhanced the expression of circadian rhythm genes Cry2,Per3,Bhlhe41,Nr1d1,Nr1d2,Dbp and Rorb in hypothalamic cells.Our results confirmed that OTP can actively improve the intestinal environmental state as well as internal/peripheral circadian rhythm disorders and cognitive impairment,with potential prebiotic functional characteristics to notably contribute to host health.

Emerging and multifaceted potential contributions of polyphenols in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is recognized as a serious public health concern with a considerable impact on human life,long-term health expenditures,and substantial health losses.In this context,the use of dietary polyphenols to prevent and manage T2DM is widely documented.These dietary compounds exert their beneficial effects through several actions,including the protection of pancreatic islet β-cell,the antioxidant capacities of these molecules,their effects on insulin secretion and actions,the regulation of intestinal microbiota,and their contribution to ameliorate diabetic complications,particularly those of vascular origin.In the present review,we intend to highlight these multifaceted actions and the molecular mechanisms by which these plant-derived secondary metabolites exert their beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes patients.

Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols alleviate metabolic syndrome and modulate gut microbiota of ob/ob mice

Sugarcane leaves-derived polyphenols(SLP)have been demonstrated to have diverse health-promoting benefits,but the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the anti-metabolic disease effects of SLP and the underlying mechanisms in mice.In the current study,we prepared the SLP mainly consisting of three flavonoid glycosides,three phenol derivatives,and two lignans including one new compound,and further demonstrated that SLP reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation,improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,ameliorated hepatic steatosis,and regulated short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)production and secondary bile acids metabolism in ob/ob mice.Notably,SLP largely altered the gut microbiota composition,especially enriching the commensal bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens.Oral gavage with the above two strains ameliorated metabolic syndrome(MetS),regulated secondary bile acid metabolism,and increased the production of SCFAs in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.These results demonstrated that SLP could be used as a prebiotic to attenuate MetS via regulating gut microbiota composition and further activating the secondary bile acids-mediated gut-adipose axis.

Changes in Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activities of Yingshan Yunwu Tea during Digestion in Vitro

[Objectives]To explore the change rule of polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu Tea in the process of human digestion.[Methods]The coarse and old leaves of Yunwu tea in Yingshan,Huanggang,Hubei Province were selected as the research object,and their digestion in vitro was simulated.The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-phenol reagent colorimetric method,and the DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were determined.[Results]After simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro,the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of coarse old leaf tea soup showed a downward trend.After gastrointestinal digestion,the polyphenol content in tea infusion separately decreased by 31.8%and 8.5%;the scavenging rate of DPPH free radical was 97%before digestion,decreased to 92%after gastric digestion and 65%after intestinal digestion,which decreased by 5%and 27%,respectively;after gastrointestinal digestion,the total antioxidant capacity of tea soup decreased by 4.7%and 3.1%,respectively.[Conclusions]This study provided a reference for the development and application of coarse old leaves of Yingshan Yunwu tea,and provided a reference for the nutritional value evaluation and comprehensive utilization of coarse old leaves,so as to make the best use of coarse tea leaves and reduce the waste of resources.

Phyllanthuse emblica polyphenols:Optimization of high-voltage pulsed electric field assisted extraction,an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro

Background:The polyphenols extraction of Phyllanthus emblica is primarily carried out using organic solvents,and assisted by physical fields such as ultrasound and microwave for extraction.High voltage pulsed electric field technology(PEF)is a non-thermal processing technology that has high efficiency and minimal damage to thermosensitive substances.PEF has been applied to plant extraction in many studies,however,the extraction of polyphenols from Phyllanthus emblica using the PEF has still not been reported;Objective:This study explores the optimal extraction process of polyphenols from Phyllanthus emblica using the PEF,and investigates its relaxation and anti-wrinkle based on anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory experiment,in order to develop a Phyllanthus emblica extract with substantial efficacy;Materials and Methods:The method of Phyllanthus emblica extract using PEF is established,and compared with a traditional extraction method.The experimental conditions,such as electric field intensity(0.5–6.0 kV/cm),pulse times(20−120),extraction time(0–60 min)and material concentration(0.5%∼3%),are investigated and optimized using orthogonal experiments;Results:the polyphenols in the Phyllanthus emblica extract were highest at the electric field intensity of 5 kV/cm,120 pulses,extraction time of 30 min,and 2%material concentration.The PEFcontained more polyphenols than the conventional water extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction.The Phyllanthus emblica extract had substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,with a good clearance effect on DPPH(IC50 of 1.82%)and ABTS(IC50 of 1.80%)radicals.At the Phyllanthus emblica extract concentration of 1.25%,inflammatory factors(TNF-α)were reduced by 47.08%;and Conclusion:The PEF is a leading-edge and promising method for preparing Phyllanthus emblica extracts.

Exploring the mechanism of Crocus sativus and Rosa rugosa for the treatment of coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD)is the main type of cardiovascular disease.The efficacy of Uyghur drug compound Saffron formula in CHD has been clinically proven.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,researchers investigated the active ingredients and mechanism of action of Crocus sativus and Rosa rugosa in the treatment of CHD by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques,collected target information with the help of TCMSP,GEO,GeneCards,and other databases,constructed protein-protein interaction(PPI)network diagrams by STRING database,performed GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on common targets,and finally molecularly docked the active ingredients with core targets.C.sativus-R.rugosa have a variety of polyphenol compounds,a total of 12 active ingredients,including quercetin and kaempferol,were screened.The first three targets intersected with the core targets of CHD as AKT1,TNF,and IL-1B.Enrichment results of KEGG pathway showed that C.sativus-R.rugosa against CHD involved atherosclerosis pathways.The molecular docking results showed that quercetin and kaempferol were well bound to the core targets,and it was speculated that these components might be the main active ingredients for the treatment of CHD.The potential mechanism of action of C.sativus-R.rugosa for the treatment of coronary heart disease was initially revealed.

Salvia Polyphenolates Combined with Doxophylline in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease in the Compensated Stage

Objective:To statistically determine the effect of salvia polyphenolates combined with doxophylline treatment in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease in the compensated stage.Methods:From January 2023 to January 2024,76 patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease in the compensated stage were selected as research subjects.The patients were divided into a research group and a reference group using a randomized numerical table method.The research group was treated with salvia polyphenolates combined with doxophylline,while the reference group received conventional therapy.The treatment effects of the two groups were compared.Results:The patients in the research group,treated with salvia polyphenolates combined with doxophylline,showed maximal ventilation of 73.26±4.83 L/min,left ventricular ejection fraction of 56.14±1.98%,and total effective treatment rate of 94.74%.These results were better than those of the reference group.The differences between the data of the research group and the reference group were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease in the compensated stage,treatment with salvia polyphenolates combined with doxophylline significantly improves maximum ventilation and left ventricular ejection fraction,and also results in a higher total effective treatment rate.

Protective Effects of Tea Polyphenol on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats and Its Scavenging Oxy-radical and Anticerebral Lipid Peroxidation Effects

AIM To study the protective effects of tea polyphenol (TP) on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats and its scavenging oxygen free radical(OFR) activities and antilipid peroxidation in vitro . METHODS Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was produced by bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries with vagus nerves and reperfusion for 45 min. The mitochondrial lipid peroxidation of rat brain induced by oxygen free radical was measured by thiobarbituric acid spectrophotometry. Superoxide anion (O 2) from xanthine xanthine oxidase system and hydroxyl radical (·OH) from Fe 2+ -H 2O 2 system were determined with spectrophotometry. RESULTS During Cerebral ischemia reperfusion,TP improved the activities of superoxide dismutase ( P 【0 05), GSH peroxidase( P 【0 01) and catalase( P 【0 01), while decreasing the maiondialdchyde content in the brain( P 【0 05) and brain water content ( P 【0 01). Tea polyphenol possessed significantly scavenging effects on ·OH produced by Fenton reaction and O 2 produced by xanthine xanthine oxidase system (the IC 50 were 2 2 mmol·L -1 and 1 9 mmol·L -1 respectively). Tea polyphenol could significant inhibit the lipid peroxidation of cerbral mitochondrial membrane induced by ·OH in a concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results indicate that tea polyphenol could protect the injury on cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats for OFR, these effects may be related to its scavenging effects on oxygen free radicals and antilipid peroxidant.