SPATIAL HIERARCHY AND INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE IN INJECTION-MOLDED BARS OF POLYPROPYLENE-BASED BLENDS AND COMPOSITES

The hierarchical structure and interfacial morphology of injection-molded bars of polypropylene （PP） based blends and composites have been investigated in detail from the skin to the core. For preparation of injection-molded bars with high-level orientation and good interfacial adhesion, a dynamic packing injection molding technology was applied to exert oscillatory shear on the melts during solidification stage. Depending on incorporated component, interfacial adhesion and processing conditions, various oriented structure and morphology could be obtained. First, we will elucidate the epitaxial behavior between PP and high-density polyethylene occurring in practical molded processing. Then, the shear-induced transcrystalline structure will be the main focus for PP/fiber composites. At last, various oriented clay structures have been ascertained unambiguously in PP/organoclay nanocomposites along the thickness of molded bars.

Material Properties and Tensile Behaviors of Polypropylene Geogrid and Geonet for Reinforcement of Soil Structures

The properties and tensile behaviors of polypropylene (PP) geogrids and geonets for reinforcement of soil structures are investigated.Mass per unit area of the geogrids and geonets was weighed using an electronic balance and aperture sizes of the geonets were exactly measured using a computer.Laboratory tests were performed using a small tensile machine capable of monitoring tensile force and displacement.Tensile failure behaviors were described,and tensile index properties such as tensile strength,maximum tensile strain,tensile forces corresponding to different strains in the geogrids and gronets were obtained.The characterization of these indexes is discussed.

STRUCTURE OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL POLYPROPYLENE FIBER

The orientation degree, crystal structure and surface morphology of the antimicrobial polypropylene fiber, modified with ABD2, have been studied. When the content of antimicrobial agent is lower than 1.5%, ABD2 shows little effect on the orientation degree and surface morphology but influences the crystal structure. With increasing the content of ABD2, the antimicrobial fiber is easy to form into α-crystal while the crystallinity changes little and the variation of crystallite size does not follow apparent regularity.

Effect of Molecular Weight and Molecular Distribution on Skin Structure and Shear Strength Distribution near the Surface of Thin-Wall Injection Molded Polypropylene

In this study, the relationship between skin structure and shear strength distribution of thin-wall injection molded polypropylene (PP) molded at different molecular weight and molecular distribution was investigated. Skin-core structure, cross-sectional morphology, crystallinity, crystal orientation, crystal morphology and molecular orientation were evaluated by using polarized optical microscope, differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray spectroscopic analyzer and laser Raman spectroscopy, respectively, while the shear strength distribution was investigated using a micro cutting method called SAICAS (Surface And Interfacial Cutting Analysis System). The results indicated that the difference of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution showed own skin layer thickness. Especially, high molecular weight sample showed thicker layer of the lamellar orientation and molecular orientation than low molecular weight sample. In addition, wide molecular distribution sample showed large crystal orientation layer.

Evolution of Morphology and Structure During Crystallization and Melting in Syndiotactic Polypropylene

Structure and morphology development during isothermal crystallization and subsequent melting of syndiotactic polypropylene(sPP) was studied by time-resolved simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD) methods with synchrotron radiation and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The time and temperature dependent parameters such as long period, L , crystal lamellar thickness, l c, amorphous layer thickness, l a, scattering invariant, Q , crystallinity, X c, lateral crystal sizes, L 200 and L 020 , and unit cell parameters a and b were extracted from SAXS and WAXD profiles. Decreasing long period and crystal thickness indicate that thinner secondary crystal lamellae are formed. The decreases in unit cell parameters a and b during isothermal crystallization process suggest that crystal perfection takes place. The changes in the morphological parameters (the invariant, Q , crystallinity, X c, long period, L , and the crystal thickness, l c) during subsequent melting were found to follow a two-stage melting process, corresponding to the dual endotherm behavior in the DSC scan. We conclude that the dual melting peaks are due to the melting of secondary and primary lamellae(first peak) and the subsequent recrystallization-melting process(second peak). Additional minor endothermic peak located at the lowest temperature was also detected and might be related to melting of secondary, thinner and defective lamellae. WAXD showed that during melting, thermal expansion was greater along the b axis than that along the a axis.

Studies on the Crystallization Properties and Morphology Structure of the Cationic Dyeable Polypropylene Fibers

The crystallization properties and morphology structure of the cationic dyeable polypropylene fibers which were produced by the blending spinning method were studied by making use of X-ray and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It comes to the conclusions that the larger the crystallite size in the fibers is , the better the dyeable properties of the fibers are and there is a little compatibility between the dyeable agent and polypropylene resin. And the dye-uptake of the fibers may be up to 90% because the dyeable agent can uniformly be scattered in polypropylene.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-CaCO_3/Polypropylene Foam Sheets

By applying the reinforcing and toughening effect of calcium carbonate （CaCO3） nanoparticles on polypropylene, foam sheets of good performance were successfully fabricated by extrusion. The equipment and conditions of the extrusion were explored. The mechanical properties of the produced foam sheets were tested. The effect of CaCO3 nano-particles on the mechanical properties and the cellular structure of the sheets was comprehensively studied. The experimental results show that the optimum content of CaCO3 nano-particles in the composite material was -4wt%. At this content, the nano-particles were well dispersed in the substrate, and the composite material had maximum tensile strength and impact strength. Surface treatment of the nano-particles only affected the impact strength of the composite material. CaCO3 micro-particles, on the other hand, showed little effect on the properties of the composite material when the micro-particles content was less than 5 wt%. At a content higher than 5wt%, the properties of the composite material significantly worsened.

Industrial-Scale Polypropylene–Polyethylene Physical Alloying Toward Recycling

Polypropylene(PP)and polyethylene(PE)play central roles in our daily life.However,their immiscibility presents a major hurdle in both industry and academia when recycling them into alloys with favorable mechanical properties.Moreover,typical compatibilizer-enabled approaches are limited due to increased environmental concerns.Herein,inspired by a traditional Chinese technique,we report a facile,industry-scale methodology that produces a PP/PE binary blend with a highly ordered honeycomb nanostructure without any additives.Due to its nanostructure,the blend exhibits enhanced tensile properties in com-parison with the parent components or with a sample prepared using an internal mixer.This approach has potential for applications not only in immiscible polymer blending,but also in non-sorting,compatibilizer-free waste plastics recycling.Through this technique,we expect that an environmentally friendly and sustainable plastic wastes recycling avenue can be found,and great economic benefits can be gained.

Dynamically Photocrosslinking of Polypropylene/EPDM Blends as a Thermoplastic Elastomer

The mechanical properties and the crystal morphological structures of the dynamically photocrosslinked polypropylene(PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer(EPDM) blends have been studied by means of mechanical tests, wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The dynamically photocrosslinking of the PP/EPDM blends can improve the mechanical properties considerably, especially the notched Izod impact strength at low temperatures. The data obtained from the mechanical tests show that the notched Izod impact strength of the dynamically photocrosslinked sample with 30% EPDM at -20 ℃ is about six times that of the uncrosslinked sample with the same EPDM component. The results from the gel content, the results of WAXD, and the DSC measurements reveal the enhanced mechanism of the impact strength for the dynamically photocrosslinked PP/EPDM blends as follows: (1) There exists the crosslinking of the EPDM phase in the photocrosslinked PP/EPDM blends; (2) The β-type crystal structure of PP is formed and the content of α-type crystal decreases with increasing the EPDM component; (3) The graft copolymer of PP-g-EPDM is formed at the interface between the PP and EPDM components. All the above changes of the crystal morphological structures are favorable for increasing the compatibility and enhancing the toughness of the PP/EPDM blends at low temperatures.

Preparation of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites by intercalative polymerization:Effect of in situ polymer matrix functionalization on the stability of the nanocomposite structure

The copolymerization of propylene and 5-hexenyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (5-hexenyl-9-BBN) has been conducted with an MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst intercalated in an organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) with triethylaluminum (AlEt3) cocatalyst and diphenyldimethoxysilane (DDS) external donor. This polymerization process simultaneously results in both the exfoliation of MMT layers to realize the preparation of polypropylene (PP)/MMT nanocomposites and the implantation of reactive borane groups in the formed PP matrix. The polymer-borne borane groups have been able to undergo an effi-cient hydrolysis process under very mild reaction conditions (40℃, 3 h, in THF), introducing hydroxy groups into PP without sacrificing the polymerization-formed nanocomposite structure (the exfoliation of MMT). The resultant hydroxyl-functionalized PP/MMT nanocomposites exhibit enhanced structural stability against processing compared with those based on unfunctionalized PP matrix.

STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF MACRORETICULAR BEAD PAN/PVC IPN RESINS

Macroreticular bead PAN/PVC IPN resins with cyano and chloro groups were synthesized by interpenetrating polymerization of acrylonitrile, or acrylonitrile and divinylbenzene into a macroporous polyvinyl chloride bead. The composition and structure of the bead IPN resins have been investigated by means of FT-IR, NMR, SEM, mercury porosimetry and elemental analysis. During the process of interpenetrating polymerization, the chain propagation obeys Bernoullian statistical law, and no grafting polymerization has been observed. The content of cyano group in the resulting IPN resins can be adjusted by the amount of acrylonitrile added. The morphology of the IPN resins basically resembles that of the polyvinyl chloride bead, whereas the pore structures vary to a certain degree

双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜shish-kebab结构的辐照劣化模型研究

高能射线辐照会导致电容器储能介质发生交联和降解等化学变化,进而影响到电容器的宏观电气性能和应用性能。该文以双向拉伸聚丙烯(biaxially oriented polypropylene,BOPP)薄膜典型的串晶结构(shish-kebab)为对象,研究了γ辐照积累剂量D对分子链结构和结晶特性的影响,建立了辐照劣化模型。研究结果表明,当D<10 kGy时,辐照交联和降解反应同时发生且程度相当,结晶度和大分子含量均无明显变化;当D≥10 kGy时,辐照降解反应占主导,shish晶逐渐被破坏,结晶度和大分子含量逐渐下降;当D=1000 kGy时,shish-kebab结构几乎完全破坏,薄膜内主要为片晶和无定形结构。该模型描述了γ辐照下shish-kebab结构的劣化过程,为聚合物晶体结构的辐照老化机理研究提供参考。

基于改性PP成型的工控机电路板支撑架注射模设计

针对工控机电路板支撑架大型塑件的成型,选用了一种玻纤改性增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料用于塑件的注射成型。模具结构为三板模结构,分3次开模打开。为保证塑件模腔充填均衡性、饱满性而设计了两个点浇口用于模腔的浇注。针对塑件二级子特征较多,特别是异型螺柱深筋位较多的特点,设计了多个局部镶件用于这些局部特征的成型,在提高局部成型镶件强度的同时,降低了这些成型件的加工难度。针对模腔局部位置排气难点,设置了多个透气镶件以增强排气。设置了锁扣机构、定距拉杆机构用于模具的开模闭模控制;设计了弹料机构用于流道废料的可靠脱模、定位机构以确保塑件的成型精度和模具工作寿命;3个滑块机构用于塑件侧壁直壁及直壁上侧孔的成型与脱模。模具结构形式合理,成型件便于加工且实用可靠,能为同类模具设计提供有益借鉴。

喷射混杂纤维混凝土抗冻性及损伤模型

目的为提高高寒地区喷射混凝土耐久性,改善冻融环境下普通喷射混凝土易开裂、抗冻性能差等问题。方法在喷射混凝土中掺入混合纤维,通过冻融循环试验、超声波检测、压拉性能试验以及气孔结构测试等方法,研究不同冻融循环次数下喷射混杂纤维混凝土的相对纵波波速、相对压拉强度以及试件内部气孔结构变化规律。通过压拉性能损伤量对试件冻融损伤进行多项评价,分析钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维贡献率与喷射混凝土抗压强度之间的关系,并根据钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维贡献率公式建立喷射混凝土冻融损伤模型。结果与单掺钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维试件相比,混合掺入1%钢纤维、0.1%聚丙烯纤维喷射混凝土试件的抗压强度损失分别降低了7.5%、33.3%,劈裂抗拉强度损失分别降低了15.6%、35.0%。在弦长尺寸0.1mm<d<1mm处,混合掺入0.1%聚丙烯和1%钢纤维喷射混凝土气泡弦长频率比单掺1%钢纤维喷射混凝土和单掺0.1%聚丙烯喷射混凝土分别降低了24.9%和27.3%。钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维对抗压强度的贡献率呈现先增长后下降趋势。基于冻融损伤与钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维贡献率建立冻融损伤模型。结论喷射混杂纤维混凝土力学性能损伤量低,不易开裂,抗冻性能好,可为高寒地区喷射混凝土结构提供理论参考。

抗冲共聚聚丙烯性能优化与结构分析

对工艺优化前后的两批抗冲共聚聚丙烯EPS30R产品进行了性能与结构组成研究。对比研究结果表明:优化后的EPS30R冲击强度和弯曲模量均有提高,从结构组成上看,两批EPS30R产品的分子质量及分布基本一致;与EPS30R-1相比,刚韧平衡性更好的EPS30R-2乙烯含量高、橡胶相尺寸更小、分散更均匀,同时其二甲苯可溶物(XS)含量更高且可溶部分特性黏数更高,这些结构特点是使产品冲击性能更高的主要因素;序列结构rr含量低对保持聚丙烯产品刚性有利。

CHARACTERIZATION OF IMPACT POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMERS BY SOLVENT FRACTIONATION

The compositional heterogeneity of two impact polypropylene copolymers（IPCs） was studied by a combinatory investigation of temperature rising elution fractionation（TREF） and solvent fractionation.The chain structures and composition of fractions obtained from solvent fractionation were examined in detail.The TREF results shows that there are much more E-P segmented copolymer and more uniform distribution of ethylene sequence in IPC-1,which is responsible for its better comprehensive mechanical performance.The fractions from hexane and heptane are ethylene-propylene rubber phase and E-P block copolymers respectively.The result of solvent fractionation method also shows that custom hexane or heptane extractions can not extract the E-P copolymer completely.

聚丙烯复合开孔泡沫材料的制备与重复吸油性能

本文将聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)和羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT-COOH)在双螺杆挤出机中熔融共混,结合超临界二氧化碳(scCO_(2))微孔发泡技术制备用于油水分离应用领域的高发泡倍率、高开孔率的PP复合泡沫材料。通过复合材料的相形态、流变、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、scCO_(2)发泡和重复吸油测试对复合材料的微观结构、黏弹性、结晶性、微孔发泡行为和重复吸油性能展开研究。PS和MWCNT-COOH可以协同提高PP基体的熔体强度,MWCNT-COOH对PP结晶的促进作用强于PS。在PS和MWCNT-COOH协同异相成核作用下,含有10%质量分数的PS、1%质量分数的MWCNT-COOH的PP复合泡沫材料的泡孔密度为4.5×10^(8)个/cm^(3),发泡倍率为22.5倍,开孔率为89%,对硅油和环己烷的最大吸油量分别为19、13.4 g/g,10次循环压缩后泡沫永久形变仅为25%,吸油量分别仍能达到13.8、10.1 g/g。

聚氨酯改性环氧树脂/聚苯乙烯室温同步固化IPNs的结构特征

用ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ及ＴＥＭ等手段，表征了聚醚型聚氨酯改性双酚－Ａ型环氧树脂（ＰＵＤＧＥＢＡ）／聚苯乙烯（ＰＳｔ）室温同步固化ＩＰＮ的结构。研究结果表明，所形成的固化产物，在３４２７ｃｍ－１处有强而宽的吸收，说明形成强的分子间氢键和较弱的分子内氢键。ＤＳＣ谱图只出现单一的转变，说明体系内两个组分的共混相容性较好；由于两个网络的固化速度基本同步，所形成的聚合物呈现界面较为模糊的双连续层状微相分离结构，层带宽度约１．０～２．０μｍ，层带中还有与之垂直重叠的亚片层结构，宽约０．１～０．２μｍ。

“核——壳”IPN型聚丙烯酸酯类阻尼涂膜综合性能

本文合成了Poly(MMA-Co-AA-Co-HEMA)/Poly(BA-Co-HEMA)"核——壳"IPN型聚丙烯酸酯类水性涂料。用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)、动态粘弹谱(DMA)等表征手段分析IPN聚合物的分子量、组成和力学阻尼性能,对BA/MMA(软核/硬壳)IPN结构的水溶胶和MMA/BA(硬壳/软壳)IPN结构水溶胶作了对比研究,后者极其不稳定故应选择前者。同时用旋转粘度计测定该IPN水溶胶和水性涂料的流变性能,IPN水溶胶为牛顿型流体,而IPN水性涂料为假塑性流体。IPN水性涂料具有触变性,并能满足施工要求。经检测,该涂膜具有优良的综合性能。