The Effect of Soil Enzymes and Polysaccharides Secreted by the Roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge under Drought,High Temperature,and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deficits

Root exudates serve as crucial mediators for information exchange between plants and soil,and are an important evolutionary mechanism for plants’adaptation to environmental changes.In this study,15 different abiotic stress models were established using various stress factors,including drought(D),high temperature(T),nitrogen deficiency(N),phosphorus deficiency(P),and their combinations.We investigated their effects on the seedling growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and the activities of Solid-Urease(S-UE),Solid-Nitrite Reductase(S-NiR),Solid-Nitrate Reductase(S-NR),Solid-Phosphotransferase(S-PT),and Solid-Catalase(S-CAT),as well as the contents of polysaccharides in the culture medium.The results showed that the growth of S.miltiorrhiza was inhibited under 15 stress conditions.Among them,13 stress conditions increased the root-shoot ratio.These 15 stress conditions significantly reduced the activity of S-NR,two combinations significantly improved the activity of S-NIR,they were synergistic stresses of high temperature and nitrogen deficiency(TN),and synergistic stresses of drought and nitrogen deficiency(DN)(p<0.05).The activity of S-UE was significantly improved under N,D,T,synergistic stresses of drought and high temperature(DT),DN,synergistic stresses of drought and phosphorus deficiency(DP),and synergistic stresses of high temperature,nitrogen,and phosphorus deficiency(TNP)stress conditions(p<0.05).Most stress combinations reduced the activity of S-PT,but D and T significantly improved it.(p<0.05).The N,DN,and TN stress conditions significantly reduced S-CAT activity.The P,DT,and synergistic stresses of drought,high temperature,and phosphorus deficiency(DTP)significantly decreased the total polysaccharide content of the soil(p<0.05).The research suggested that abiotic stress hindered the growth of S.miltiorrhiza and altered the behavior of root secretion.Roots regulated the secretion of several substances in response to various abiotic stresses,including soil nitrogen cycle enzymes,phosphorus transport-related enzymes,and antioxidant enzymes.In conclusion,plants regulate the utilization of rhizosphere substances in response to abiotic stresses by modulating the exudation of soil enzymes and polysaccharides by the root system.At the same time,soil carbon sequestration was affected by the adverse environment,which restricted the input of organic matter into the soil.

Mono-Feruloyl-R, R-(+)-Tartaric Acid from Salvia chinensis

报道了用半合成方法和光谱分析确证从华鼠尾草(Salvia chinensis Benth.)中分离的单阿魏酰-R,R-(+)-酒石酸的化学结构和绝对构型;合成了其 S,S-(-)-和 R,S-(meso)-酒石酸的衍生物,并分析了其间的光谱差异。

Toxicity Experiment of Polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis( L. ) Juss.

[Objectives] To study the acute toxicity,mutation,and feeding experiment of polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis( L.)Juss.,and assess its safety. [Methods]In accordance with Procedures for toxicological Assessment on Food Safety,acute toxicity to mice,micronucleus experiment for bone marrow cell in mice,sperm shape abnormality test in mice,and Ames experiment were carried out,and 30 d feeding experiment was detected for rats. [Results] when the maximum tolerance dose( MTD) of mice was higher than 20 g/kg,at polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis( L.) Juss. ≤10 g/kg,there was no statistical difference between the control group and mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus and sperm shape abnormality test group; Ames experiment indicated that the number of revertant colonies of different dose groups of polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis( L.) Juss. with and without S9 did not exceed two times of the blank control group; rat 30 d feeding experiment indicated that when polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis( L.) Juss. ≤ 3. 2 g/kg,rats grew and developed well,and there was no statistical difference with the control group in blood,multiple organ biochemical indicators and liver tissue. [Conclusions]Polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis( L.) Juss. are safe and non-toxic chemical compounds and can be used as health products or drugs.

Comparative Analysis of Polysaccharides from Two Ecological Types of Leymus chinensis

Leymus chinensis（Trin.） Tzvel.,widely distributed at eastern Eurasian steppe and divided into gray-green type and yellow-green type,has different stress resistance to environment.In the present study,the water-soluble polysaccharides from two ecotypes of L.chinensis were analyzed in detail,and the differences between polysaccharides from the two ecotypes of L.chinensis in the yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight and structure were clarified.The polysaccharides of L.chinensis were composed of both neutral and acidic polysaccharides.The neutral polysaccharides contained mannose,glucose,galactose,xylose and arabinose,and mainly consisted of β-1,4-Glcp,α-1,3-Galp and α-1,2-Xylp residues.The acidic polysaccharides contained mannose,rhamnose,glucuronic acid,galacturonic acid,glucose,galactose,xylose and arabinose.However,the yields,monosaccharides contents and the molecular weights of the polysaccharides from the two ecotypes of L.chinensis were different.Moreover,the resistance type（gray-green type） of L.chinensis contained a number of α-1,3-Manp and reducing end of β-Glcp residues,and much more O-methyl groups than normal type（yellow-green type） of L.chinensis.The differences of the polysaccharides of the two ecotypes of L.chinensis might be due to the long-term environmental adaptability of plant,and the differences of the polysaccharides might influence the stress resistance of L.chinensis.

Effects of Polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis(L.)Nees.on TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Cell Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver

[Objectives]To observe the effects of polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis(L.)Nees.on the expression of TLR/NF-κB pathway related proteins in HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid,and to explore the possible mechanism of polysaccharides from D.chinensis(L.)Nees.in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).[Methods]HepG2 cells were induced with oleic acid to establish a non-alcoholic fatty liver cell model.After intervention with 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL of D.chinensis(L.)Nees.polysaccharides,the ALT and AST activity and TG and TC contents were detected with kits,and the changes in the expression of CDK5,TLR4,p-NF-κB and NF-κB were analyzed using Western-blotting.[Results]In the HepG2 cells induced with oleic acid,the ALT and AST activity increased significantly,the TG and TC contents increased significantly,and the expression levels of CDK5,TLR4 and p-NF-κB proteins up-regulated significantly.In the HepG2 cells intervened with D.chinensis(L.)Nees.polysaccharides,the activity of ALT and AST,the contents of TG and TC,and the expression levels of CDK5,TLR4 and p-NF-κB proteins all reduced significantly.[Conclusions]Polysaccharides from D.chinensis(L.)Nees.may interfere with NAFLD by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

Optimization for Extraction Methods and Conditions of Polysaccharides from Trollius chinensis

Objective To determine the optimum extraction method and condition of poly-saccharides fromTrollius chinensis (TCP).Methods With the yield of TCP as index and water as solvent,reflux extraction,ultrasonic extraction and supercritical CO_2 extraction were employed to determine the efficient extraction method of TCP.Moreover,the conditions of reflux extraction were optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test.The content of polysaccharide was measured with phenol-sulfuric acid method.Results The data displayed that the crude polysaccharide(CPS)yield of regular reflux extraction was(11.7±0.12)%,superior to ultrasonic extraction and supercritical CO_2 extraction.The optimum conditions of reflux extraction were as follows:extraction temperature of 95℃,extraction time of 3hand the liquid-solid ratio of 20∶1.Under these conditions,the polysaccharide yield was (1.45±0.03)%,which was well in close agreement with the predicted value.Conclusion Regular reflux extraction was regarded as the optimal extraction method of TCP.The optimum conditions of reflux extraction were as follows:extraction temperature of 95℃,extraction time of 3hand the liquid-solid ratio of 20∶1.

Anticancer Effect of Plant-Derived Polysaccharides on Mice

Tupistra chinensis is a widely used medicinal plant in Hubei Province,China. In our study, we investigated the effect of polysaccharides component from Tupistra chinensis on mice in vivo. The mice H22 hepatocarcinoma animal model was established firstly. Then, the mice were fed with different doses of polysaccharides derived from Tupistra chinensis (one time each day). The neoplasm growth condition was analyzed and histological and electron microscopic analyses were performed. Compared to the control, Tupistra chinensis significantly inhibited the neoplasm growth. Large mass necrosis in the mouse model was observed under the light microscope and the necrosis area was significantly increased in the Tupistra chinensis-treated mice. Electron microscopic observations showed that severe apoptosis occurred in the cancer tissue in the mouse model and apoptosis was also significantly increased in Tupistra chinensis-treated mice. Our study demonstrated that Tupistra chinensis could inhibit the growth of H22 hepatocarcinoma. The mechanisms could involve the inhibitory effects of Tupistra chinensis on apoptosis, although the precise mechanisms remained to be elucidated in future study.

Anti-diabetic Effects of Polysaccharides from Ethanol-insoluble Residue of Schisandra chinensis（Turcz.） Baill on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice

The ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra generated during lignans industrial production is usually treated as solid waste. However, there is active polysaccharide which could be used in it. In this work, the water-soluble polysaccharides from the ethanol-insoluble residue of Schisandra（ESCP） were obtained and their anti-diabetic effect was evaluated. The results indicate that ESCP could significantly reduce the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the ESCP could significantly improve the lipid metabolism and increase the content of liver glycogen in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The results indicate that ESCP could be developed into a potential natural hypoglycemic agent.

Study on the mechanism of“Salvia chinensis and Radix Ranunculi Ternati”drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer

Objective:To explore the molecular biological mechanism of the"salvia chinensis and radix ranunculi ternati"drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer based on network pharmacology.Methods:Searching the TCMSP database and previous literatures to screen the active compounds which resist lung cancer activity in salvia chinensis and radix ranunculi ternati.The candidate compounds were unified in the DrugBank to find the corresponding drug targets which were corrected to the standard gene names by the UniProt database.The Swiss Target Prediction platform was used to predict other targets.Searching GeneCards,OMIM and DrugBank to obtain genes related to lung cancer.After taking the intersection,the candidate gene target of drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer could be obtained.The"herbs-compounds-targets-disease"network was bulit with Cytoscape,and the PPI network was bulit on the STRING platform while the core network nodes were screened.GO and KEGG analysis on candidate genes was implemented through Metacape platform,and a"pathways-targets"network was bulit to further screen key genes.Results:A total of 16 active compounds in salvia chinensis,18 active compounds in radix ranunculi ternati,164 candidate targets,2443 GO functions and 170 KEGG pathways was obtained.Conclusion:The effective compounds of"salvia chinensis and radix ranunculi ternati"drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer are quercetin,ursolic acid,β-sitosterol and caffeic acid.The key targets are MAPK1,AKT1,PIK3R1,RAF1 and EGFR.GO functions mainly include cytokines,oxidative stress,plasma membrane transmission,protein kinase binding and activity,apoptosis.KEGG could directly regulate pathways in cancer,non-small cells lung cancer pathway and small cell lung cancer pathway.KEGG also involves EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance,IL-17,TNF,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and apoptosis.This study reveals the molecular biological mechanism of"salvia chinensis and radix ranunculi ternati"drug pair in the treatment of lung cancer.It is reasoned that its potential targets affect multiple signaling pathways and ultimately resist the proliferation,differentiation,invasion,metastasis and promote apoptosis of lung cancer cells.Evidence for further experimental study is provided by this study.

An Antioxidant Acidic Polysaccharide from Cuscuta chinensis

An acidic polysaccharide, H2, was isolated from the alkali-extract CHC of seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. with the molecular weight more than 1.0 x 10(6). Chemical and spectroscopic studies led to the structure determination as follows: the backbone chain consists of 1, 6-linked-beta -D Galp, 1,4-linked-X -D Galp, 1,4-linked-beta -D GalA and 1,2- or 1,4-linked-beta -L Rhap having branching points at position O-3 of some 1,6-linked-beta -D Galp residues (one among eight) and O-4 or O-2 of 1,2- or 1,4-linked-beta -L Rhap residues to terminal beta -D-galactopyranose. The side chains composed of terminal Galp, 1,6-linked-beta -D Galp, 1,4-linked beta -D Galp and 1,3,6-linked-beta -D Galp also linked at position O-3 of 1,6-linked-beta -D Galp residues in the backbone chain. beta -L-arabinofuranosyl and terminal beta -L-rhamnopyranosyl residues existed in the periphery of this polysaccharide linked to O-3 of 1,6-linked-beta -D Galp residues in the backbone chain and the side chains. The polysaccharide H2 increased significantly the survival rate of PC12 cells indicating that it had protective effects against H2O2 insult.

Polymyxin B as an inhibitor of lipopolysaccharides contamination of herb crude polysaccharides in mononuclear cells

Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) contamination in herbal crude polysaccharides is inevitable. The present study was performed to explore the effect of polymyxin B on abolishing the influence of LPS contamination in mononuclear cells. LPS was pretreated with polymyxin B sulfate(PB) at different concentrations for 1, 5 or 24 h, and then used to stimulate RAW264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages(MPMs). The nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in cell culture supernatant, as the indications of cell response, were assayed. Bupleurum chinensis polysaccharides(BCPs) with trace amount contamination of LPS was treated with PB. 30 μg·mL^(–1) of PB, treating LPS(10 and 1000 ng·mL^(–1) in stimulating RAW264.7 and MPMs respectively) at 37 ℃ for 24 h, successfully abolished the stimulating effect of LPS on the cells. When the cells were stimulated with LPS, BCPs further promoted NO production. However, pretreated with PB, BCPs showed a suppression of NO production in MPMs and no change in RAW264.7. In the in vitro experiments, LPS contamination in polysaccharide might bring a great interference in assessing the activity of drug. Pretreatment with PB(30 μg·mL^(–1)) at 37 °C for 24 h was sufficient to abolish the effects of LPS contamination(10 and 1 000 ng·mL^(–1)).

羊草(Leymus chinensis)胚乳发育及颖果发育过程中多糖的动态

本文应用石腊切片法和组织化学方法对羊草的胚乳发育以及颖果发育过程中淀粉的累积和动态进行了研究。结论如下,羊草的胚乳发育为核型。游离核分裂的方式为有丝分裂和无丝分裂两种。椭圆形胚期,胚乳开始细胞化,细胞化顺序从珠孔端到合点端。首先游离核之间出现成膜体,经细胞板产生初始垂周璧,经过一段“开放细胞”时期,以后形成平周壁。羊草胚乳细胞增生无形成层状结构存在,各层细胞均可分裂。在珠孔端的胚乳细胞中见到核穿壁现象。子房壁内淀粉的积累从胚囊成熟期开始增长,到二细胞原胚期达到最高峰,以后随胚乳淀粉的积累而下降。最后胚成熟时子房壁组织解体。中央细胞中不含淀粉,受精后初生胚乳核周围出现大量淀粉,游离核时期淀粉消失,单层细胞的胚乳内淀粉重新出现,以后淀粉含量迅速上升。珠心、珠被、反足细胞都不含淀粉。宿存助细胞具丰富的淀粉。

Effect of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide on intracerebral acetylcholinesterase and monoamine neurotransmitters in a D-galactose-induced aging brain mouse model

BACKGROUND： The most prominent characteristic of brain aging is decreased learning and memory ability. The functions of learning and memory are closely related to intracerebral acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） and monoamine neurotransmitter activity. Previous studies have shown that Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide has an anti-aging effect. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide on AChE activity and monoamine neurotransmitter content, as well as learning and memory ability in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse brain model compared with the positive control drug Kangnaoling. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Completely randomized, controlled experiment based on neurobiochemistry was performed at the Pharmacological Laboratory, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September to December 2003. MATERIALS： Schisandra chinensis was purchased from Henan Provincial Medicinal Company. Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide was obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Kangnaoling pellets were provided by Liaoning Tianlong Pharmaceutical （batch No. 20030804; state drug permit No. H21023095）. A total of 50 six-week-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups： blank control, model, Kangnaoling, high and low dosage Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide groups, with 10 mice per group. METHODS： Mice in the blank control group were subcutaneously injected with 0.5 mL/20 g normal saline into the nape of the neck each day, while the remaining mice were subcutaneously injected with 5% D-galactose saline solution （0.5 mL/20 g） in the nape for 40 days to induce a brain aging model. On day 11, mice in the high and low dosage Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide groups were intragastrically infused with 20 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide solution （0.2 mL/10 g）, respectively. Mice from the Kangnaoling group were intragastrically infused with 35 mg/mL Kangnaoling suspension （0.2 mL/10 g）, and the mice in the model group were intragastrically infused with the same volume of normal saline （0.2 mL/10 g） once per day for 30 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Two hours after the final administration, pathohistological changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were observed using hematoxylin ＆ eosin staining. AChE activity was detected using chromatometry. Monoamine neurotransmitter content was measured using fluorimetry. Learning and memory was measured using the step down test and darkness avoidance test. RESULTS： Both Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide and Kangnaoling improved pathological injury to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in a mouse model of brain aging. Compared with the blank control group, AChE activity and content of norepinephrine （NA）, dopamine （DA）, and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） were significantly decreased in the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）. In contrast, AChE activity and NA, DA, and 5-HT levels significantly increased in the Kangnaoling and high dosage Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide groups （P 〈 0.01）, while NA levels significantly increased in the low dosage Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide group （P 〈 0.01）. Drug treatment improved learning and memory abilities （P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide significantly increased levels of central neurotransmitters and improved learning and memory in a mouse model of brain aging. The effects of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide were equal to that of Kangnaoling pellets.

Structural characteristics,anticoagulant and antithrombotic mechanism of a novel polysaccharide from Rosa Chinensis Flos

This is the first report on a polysaccharide(RCJ2-Ib)isolated from Rosa Chinensis Flos.RCJ2-Ib was obtained through the extraction with water,precipitation with ethanol,separation with DEAE-52 column and purification with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column and Sephadex G100 column.GC,FT-IR and NMR analyses revealed that RCJ2-Ib(3.3 k Da)was a 1,4-linked polymannuronic acid containing substantialβ-Danomers units.The anticoagulant effect of RCJ2-Ib evaluated by using rabbit ear venous blood and an acute blood stasis rat model showed that RCJ2-Ib had obvious anticoagulant activity in regulating endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways and reducing serum thromboxane B2 and endothelin-1.In addition,RCJ2-Ib could also increase the number of Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli.As a result,RCJ2-Ib has the potential to inhibit thrombosis and maintain the intestinal environment.

Pharmacological effects of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus polysaccharide on intestinal protection

Schisandra Chinensis Fructus(SCF)is the fruit of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.,a perennial vine.It was first recorded in Shen Nong′s herbal classic and has a long application history.Studies have shown that SCF has anti-inflammatory,protective liver,antioxidant,antibacterial and other pharmacological effects.Ancient prescriptions are commonly used in the treatment of chronic diarrhea and other intestinal diseases and diabetes.Modern clinical pharmacology features of SCF polysaccharide(SCFP)in diabetes,liver diseases,enteritis and other aspects have achieved excellent results.Gut is an important digestive organ of human body,but intestinal diseases are varied,including Crohn′s disease,ulcerative colitis,intestinal flora imbalance,etc..It is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory disease.The disease is persisted for a long time and the incidence rate is expected to rise.Most of the symptoms are recurrent diarrhea,bloody stool and abdominal pain.It is considered by the World Health Organization as a refractory disease.At present,there is little possibility of complete cure,which is closely related to complex environmental factors,eating habits and heredity.In recent years,clinical studies have found that SCFP has a variety of pharmacological effects on intestinal protection.①Reduce inflammatory factors:intestinal mucositis is a common adverse reaction in patients with chemotherapy.The development of mucositis is related to pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL^(-1)β,Interferon-γ(IFN-γ).SCFP can significantly reduce IL-6 TNF-α,IL^(-1)β,and IL-8,as well as the accumulation of T cells in the process of resisting apoptosis,reduce the inflammatory reaction and protect the damage to villi and crypts,improve the symptoms of small intestinal mucositis caused by weight loss and diarrhea.②Promote immunoglobulin A secretion:intestinal mucosal immunity is the first line of defense of the body′s immune system.Its main antibody is secretory immunoglobulin A,which can destroy and phagocytize microorganisms,bacteria and viruses.SCFP can improve intestinal immunity by increasing the number and activity of T lymphocytes,promoting the secretion of secretory immunoglobulin A,and affecting the activity of a variety of cytokines.③Regulation of intestinal flora:the flora in the intestine has the functions of auxiliary nutrient absorption,biological antagonism and immune regulation,and can form a natural barrier for the host's intestine.When the human intestinal flora is disordered,probiotics will be greatly reduced,harmful bacteria will proliferate and destroy the intestinal environment.Under these conditions,the intake of SCFP significantly increased the number of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacillus,and significantly decreased the number of conditional pathogens such as enterococcus and escherichia coli,indicating that SCFP can indeed regulate the intestinal disorder caused by lincomycin hydrochloride to a certain extent. This may be because beneficial bacteria in the intestine metabolize polysaccharides produce short chain fatty acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, which reduces the pH value in the intestine and inhibits the growth of enterococcus and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, SCFP can treat and protect intestinal diseases to a certain extent, which provides a favorable basis for the treatment of intestinal diseases.

ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF ACTINIDIA CHINENSIS POLYSACCHARIDE ON MURINE TUMOR

A new polysaccharide compound (ACPS-R) has recently been isolated from the root of Actinidia Chinensis Planch. When given inttaperitoneally to the transplantable tumor bearing mice at dose of 75-125 mg/kg, the tumor inhibition rate was more than 88.8% in Ehrilich ascitic cancer (EAC) or ascitic from of hepatoma (HepA) and more than 49.6% in solid hepatoma (HepS). The treatment effect of ACPS-R on EAC at dose of 80-100 mg kg and 125 mg/kg were comparable to that of cyclophosphamide at dose of 15 mg/kg and 22.5 mg/kg, respectively. ACPS-R could also prolong the life of EAC- or P388-bearing mice, and increase the percentage of EAC-free mice. In addition, when ACPS-R was used in combination with 5-Fu, the antitumor effect was enhanced as compared with 5-Fu alone. A marked increase in cAMP levels end cAMP cGMP ratio of spleen of EAC-bearing mice were observed after treatment of ACPS-R. The increase of both para meters nearly reached the normal levels of healthy mice. The increases of cAMP, cAMP cGMP and tumor remission had statistical significance. It showed an intermediate inhibitory effect of ACPS-R on DNA synthesis by incorporating 3H-TdR into EAC cells.The results indicated that ACPS-R acts as a new antitumor polysaccharide, and the treatment effect of Actinidia root in folk medicine is probably related to ACPS-R.

Effect and Mechanism of Dicliptera chinensis Polysaccharide on miR-141/AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway in Rats with NAFLD

[Objectives]Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)rat model was established by feeding high-fat and high-sugar fodder to rats,and the protective effect of Dicliptera chinensis polysaccharide(DCP)on NAFLD rats was studied to explore its potential mechanism.[Methods]45 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,model control group and DCP treatment groups(100 and 300 mg/kg).The rats in the normal control group were fed with ordinary fodder,and the rats in other groups were fed with high-fat and high-sugar diet for 14 weeks to establish NAFLD model.From the 9^(th)week,the rats in the DCP treatment groups were given different doses of DCP by intragastric administration(5 mL/kg)for 6 weeks.After the last intragastric administration,the rats fasted for 16 h,and the serum and liver of rats were collected for detection.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was conducted to observe the histopathological changes of rat liver,and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),malondialdehyde(MDA),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were detected by biochemical method.Interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and micrornA-141(micro RNA-141)were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The expression of SIRT1 and adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)in rat liver was detected by western blot.[Results]Compared with the model control group,the inflammatory damage and steatodegeneration of rats in the DCP groups were relieved to varying degrees,and the number of lipid vacuoles significantly reduced.The ALT,AST,TC,TG and LDL-C content in the serum and MDA content in the liver tissue decreased to varying degrees,while the HDL-C,SOD and GSH-Px content increased.The expression of SIRT1 and AMPK increased,while the expression of miR-141,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βdeclined,and the DCP 300 mg/kg treatment group had better improvement effect.[Conclusions]DCP had a certain protective effect on NAFLD rats,which may be related to the regulation of miR-141/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.

丹参多糖对碘乙酸钠所致大鼠膝骨性关节炎的治疗作用及机制研究

探讨丹参多糖对碘乙酸钠所致大鼠膝骨性关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)的治疗作用及潜在机制。采用膝关节腔内注射碘乙酸钠法建立大鼠KOA模型,分为模型组、丹参多糖低、高剂量组(40、80 mg/kg)及塞来昔布组(20 mg/kg),另选取12只大鼠作为假手术组,持续干预4周后检测相关指标变化情况。结果发现,与模型组比较,丹参多糖低、高剂量组大鼠爪压评分及步态评分明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),机械性缩足反射阈值(mechanical withdrawal threshold,MWT)及热缩足反射潜伏期(thermal withdrawal latency,TWL)明显增加(P<0.01),关节软骨组织病理形态减轻,Markin评分明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);血清软骨寡聚基质蛋白(cartilage oligomeric matrix protein,COMP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原C末端肽(C-terminal peptide of type I collagen,CTX-Ⅰ)含量及关节软骨组织半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-lymphoblastoma-2,Bcl-2)相关X蛋白(Bcl-2 associated X protein,Bax)mRNA表达明显下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),骨钙素(osteocalcin,OCN)含量及关节软骨组织Bcl-2 mRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),关节滑液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6含量及关节软骨组织磷酸化丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38(phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase p38,p-p38 MAPK)、磷酸化核因子-κB p65(phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65,p-NF-κB p65)蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。研究结果表明,丹参多糖对碘乙酸钠所致大鼠KOA具有治疗作用,其机制与改善骨代谢、抗凋亡及抑制MAPK/NF-κB信号通路介导的炎症反应有关。

藤梨根多糖对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探究藤梨根(Actinidia chinensis root)多糖提取物对慢性酒精性肝损伤(Alcoholic liver injury,ALI)模型小鼠的保护作用研究。方法:采用超声法提取藤梨根多糖,随机将60只雄性健康昆明小鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、藤梨根多糖低、中、高剂量组,除空白组外,其余各组小鼠连续灌胃56°红星二锅头酒15天,复制急性酒精性肝损伤模型后处死,检测各组小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量及肝组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平,以及血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)含量,计算小鼠肝脏指数,并对肝组织进行病理切片观察。结果:实验结果表明,与模型组相比,藤梨根多糖各浓度组血清AST、ALT、TG、TC水平显著降低(P<0.05);肝脏SOD和GSH水平上升显著(P<0.05);IL-6、TNF-α和MDA含量下降,有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脏病理学改变明显改善。结论:藤梨根多糖能缓解快速大量饮酒引起的肝损伤,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用相关。

金莲花多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性评价

目的优化金莲花多糖提取工艺,并分析测试金莲花多糖抗氧化活性。方法采用回流提取法提取金莲花多糖,通过单因素考察料液比、提取温度、提取时间3个因素对金莲花多糖提取率的影响,并在此基础上通过正交试验设计对提取工艺进行优化。以DPPH自由基、ABTS^(+)自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子清除能力和总还原力为指标评价金莲花多糖的抗氧化活性。结果金莲花多糖的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶25、提取温度80℃、提取时间2 h,在此条件下金莲花多糖的提取率为1.350%±0.125%。体外抗氧化实验结果表明,金莲花多糖其DPPH自由基、ABTS^(+)自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率IC_(50)分别为0.161、0.079、0.006、4.216 mg·mL^(-1),且当浓度为4.0 mg·mL^(-1)时,总还原力为2.78。结论优化的金莲花多糖提取工艺提取率较高且获得的金莲花多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,对金莲花多糖的进一步开发利用提供了参考依据。