高温后钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土与变形钢筋黏结性能试验

为研究高温后钢-聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohols,PVA)混杂纤维高性能混凝土(hybrid fiber high performance concrete,HFHPC)与变形钢筋的黏结性能退化规律,以200、400、600、800℃为目标温度,选取钢纤维体积率、PVA纤维体积率、矿粉掺量为正交试验因素设计并制作25组HFHPC试件,完成了单调荷载下的中心拉拔试验。结果表明:高温后各组HFHPC试件黏结破坏形态均表现为钢筋拔出破坏;试验温度范围内,对HFHPC试件黏结强度的影响程度均为:钢纤维体积率最大、矿粉掺量次之、PVA纤维体积率最小;随着温度的升高,HFHPC试件黏结强度逐渐下降,且在相同温度条件下,HFHPC试件黏结强度和峰值滑移相比于未掺纤维的混凝土试件均有所提升,其中,200℃时HFHPC试件的黏结强度提升最为显著,分别提升了33.69%、35.76%、37.54%和46.03%;混杂纤维能显著提高高温后高性能混凝土与钢筋的峰值界面能,明显改善黏结延性和耗能能力;提出的考虑温度作用后的混杂纤维混凝土与钢筋黏结-滑移模型与试验实测结果吻合较好,可为火灾后混杂纤维高性能混凝土结构损伤评估及加固方案提供参考。

RTP-PVA混杂纤维的工程水泥基复合材料干缩性能试验研究

为研究回收轮胎聚合物(recycled tyre polymer,RTP)和聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)混杂纤维对工程水泥基复合材料(engineered cementitious composites,ECC)干缩性能的影响,对RTP-PVA混杂纤维总体积分数为2.0%的ECC进行流动性、直接拉伸和干缩试验,并分析混杂纤维作用机理和干缩计算模型.结果表明:RTP纤维替代率为12.5%~50%对ECC流动性影响不大,比单掺PVA纤维的ECC流动性降低1.09%~3.69%.ECC的抗拉强度随RTP纤维替代率的增加而降低,不同比例的混杂纤维比单掺PVA纤维的ECC抗拉强度降低了23.6%~56.6%.不同比例混杂纤维ECC干缩率曲线趋势相近,7 d时干缩率为28 d时的80.92%~82.77%.ECC的干缩率随RTP纤维替代率的增加而降低,28 d时不同RTP纤维替代率的混杂纤维比单掺PVA纤维的ECC干缩率降低了0.80%~2.09%.RTP-PVA混杂纤维可在ECC中协同发挥作用抑制基体干缩,结合试验结果得到适合RTP-PVA混杂纤维ECC的指数型干缩预测模型.

Fabrication of High-Efficiency Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Membranes for Air Filtration Based on Principle of Stable Electrospinning

A mass flow matching model(MFMM)was established for studying the stable status of solution electrospinning.The study of the solution droplet status at the needle tip focused on various combinations of applied voltages and injection rates to figure out their influence on steadily fabricating polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)nanofibers prepared from PVA spinning solutions with two different mass fractions(10%and 16%).The results revealed that during the stable electrospinning,the influence resulted from the change of the injection rate approximately canceled out the impact brought by adjusting the applied voltage,leading to almost the same morphology as that of the PVA nanofibers.And the mass fraction of PVA in the spinning solution dominated the structure and the diameter distribution of the electrospun nanofibers.Under stable electrospinning conditions,the composite membrane was produced by depositing PVA nanofibers on the polyethylene terephthalate(PET)nonwoven substrate for an air filtration test.Furthermore,the prepared composite membrane exhibited a high air filtration efficiency(99.97%)and a low pressure drop(120 Pa)for 300-500 nm neutralized polystyrene latex(PSL)aerosol particles,demonstrating its potential as an alternative for a variety of commercial applications in air filtration.

Immobilization of activated sludge using improved polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel

The microbial immobilization method using polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） gel as an immobilizing material was improved and used for entrapment of activated sludge. The oxygen uptake rate （OUR） was used to characterize the biological activity of immobilized activated sludge. Three kinds of PVA-immobilized particles of activated sludge, that is, PVA-boric acid beads, PVA-sodium nitrate beads and PVA-orthophosphate beads were prepared, and their biological activity was compared by measuring the OUR value. The bioactivity of both autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms of activated sludge was determined using different synthetic wastewater media （containing 250 mg/L COD and 25 mg/L NH4^＋ -N）. The experimental results showed that the bioactivity and stability of the three kinds of immobilized activated sludge was greatly improved after activation. With respect of the bioactivity and the mechanical stability, the PVA-orthophosphate method may be a promising and economical technique for microbial immobilization.

玉米秸秆-PVA复合气凝胶的制备及其吸附性能研究

以玉米秸秆为原料,用溴化锂和聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液将其溶解,制备玉米秸秆-PVA复合气凝胶。采用正交试验法对制备工艺进行优化,并通过FT-IR、吸附率等手段对气凝胶的相关性能进行表征。结果表明:复合气凝胶的优化制备工艺条件为:固液质量比(秸秆∶混合溶液)为1∶100,PVA添加量与秸秆的质量比为100∶15,PVA浓度为5%,溴化锂浓度为66%,溴化锂溶液和PVA的质量比为13.85∶1。该工艺下所制得的复合气凝胶密度低至0.0268 g/cm^(3),比表面积为175.00 m^(2)/g,对废弃机油的最大吸附倍率为35.01 g/g。制备过程中,纤维素的氢键被破坏,PVA与纤维素之间通过氢键连接。复合气凝胶的密度越小,其吸油率越大。复合气凝胶具有全范围内的孔径,且大部分孔径处于介孔范围内,因此有利于对大分子污染物的吸附。

GO-PVA注浆材料的制备及其强度特征研究

由于瓦斯抽采钻孔周围稳定性较差,受扰动影响易致钻孔周围煤岩体产生新的裂隙,进而降低瓦斯抽采效率,为填补现有材料颗粒大、胶结能力差的缺陷,引入纳米材料和高分子聚合物材料改善瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔材料的性能,并分析纳米材料氧化石墨烯(Graphene Oxide,GO)、高分子聚合物聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl Alcohol,PVA)纤维复掺于水泥基注浆材料中的宏微观强度特征。采用单因素试验探究GO最佳质量分数及PVA纤维最佳长度和质量分数,确定最优值后再与普通水泥注浆材料进行复合对比试验,并通过单轴压缩测试不同养护龄期下的强度变化规律,结合蠕变特性、相似模拟和扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)图像,探讨复合材料的增强机理。研究结果表明:两类添加剂均对水泥基注浆材料抗压强度展现出有效的提升作用,尤其是当氧化石墨的质量分数为0.04%,PVA质量分数和长度分别为0.2%和3 mm时,其抗压性能达到顶峰,密封性能提升,抵抗外界应力变化的能力得到增强。研究结果可为封孔注浆材料的研发提供基础。

硼砂交联PVA降失水剂的合成及滤失性能研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA1788)为水泥浆降失水剂基础原料,考察了交联剂种类和用量、反应温度、溶液pH值等对PVA胶液粘度和水泥浆滤失性能的影响规律,发现硼砂水解后对PVA的交联效果最显著,而且随着硼砂与PVA配比、反应温度和pH值升高,PVA胶液粘度及水泥浆滤失性能呈现显著增高趋势,所形成的滤饼更加致密,保水能力更好。但一旦超过最佳配比时,水泥颗粒表面降滤失剂膜层变厚,滤饼致密性变差,反而不利于水泥浆保水,滤失性能下降。

各向异性PVA木基水凝胶的制备及其铜离子吸附性能

针对传统水凝胶生成的聚合物网络通常为各向同性,存在机械强度差、刚度低等问题。本研究以巴沙木为原料,通过冰模板法和淬火法,在定向排列的脱木素纤维素骨架中构筑具有纤维取向的聚乙烯醇(PVA)微纳网络,构建用于高效吸附水中铜离子的高强度各向异性PVA木基水凝胶(PWH),结合扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、电子万能力学试验机表征复合水凝胶的形态结构和性能。实验结果表明:脱木质素工艺可以增加木质纤维的结晶度,PVA成功复合后保留了木材各向异性纤维骨架,脱木质素2 h的水凝胶(PWH-2)综合性能最优;PWH-2在5%应变下循环压缩80次后,样品能量损耗仅为0.022 8 MPa/mm,高度保持率高达97.37%,具有优异的抗压强度和弹性;PWH-2定向排列的多孔结构有助于铜离子在其内部迁移,提高吸附性能,在25℃、pH 5、铜离子质量浓度40 mg/L的模拟废液中,对铜离子的吸附率可达77.27%,经4次循环利用对铜离子的吸附率仍可达40.11%。动力学和等温线研究结果表明,PWH-2吸附铜离子过程满足拟一级动力学模型,遵循Langmuir等温线模型。该研究为构建高效可持续吸附重金属离子的高强度各向异性水凝胶提供理论参考,为生物质高值化利用提供新的方向。

Influence of Relative Humidity on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nanofibers for High-Efficiency Air Filter

The influence of relative humidity( RH) on the properties of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) nanofibers that might determine the application of nanofibers in high-efficiency air filters is not clear. PVA nanofiber mat was prepared between two hot airthrough ES( polyethyene( PE) and polypropylene( PP) composite fiber) non-woven substrates as a sandwich structure nanofiber composite filter using an electrospinning technique combining with an ultrasonic sewing process. The filtering mechanism of the composite was discussed in detail. The effects of nanofiber diameters,nanofiber layer thickness and RH in environment on the properties of PVA nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy( SEM), X-ray diffraction( XRD), automatic filter tester and universal strength tester. The results showed that the PVA nanofiber composite fabrics had high filtration efficiency with lowpressure drop and there was a negative correlation between filtration efficiency and nanofiber diameter. After keeping in a high RH environment for several hours, the mechanical property of PVA nanofiber composites was deteriorated but the high filtration efficiency was increased.

Sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol/polysulfone (SA-PVA/PSF) hollow fiber composite pervaporation membrane for dehydration of ethanol-water solution

Using polysulfone （PSF） hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as the substrate, sodium alginate （SA） and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） blend solutions as the coating solution, and maleic anhydride （MAC） as the cross-linked agent, SAPVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared for the dehydration of ethanol-water. The effects of different sodium alginate concentration in the coating solutions and different operating temperatures on pervaporation performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that pervaporation performance of the SA-PVA/PSF composite membranes for ethanol-water solution exhibited a high separation factor although they had a relatively low permeation flux. As SA concentration in SA-PVA coating solution was 66.7% and the operating temperature was 40 ℃, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane （PS4） had a separation factor of 886 and flux of 12.6 g/（m^2·h）. Besides, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes （PS3 and PS4） were used for the investigation of the effect of ethanol concentration in the feed solution on pervaporation performance.

Temperature Dependent Surface Resistivity Measures of Commercial, Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT), and Silver Nano-Particle Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Films

Pure and doped Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) films, for the detection of infrared radiation, have been well documented using the mechanism of pyroelectricity. Alternatively, the electrical properties of films made from Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) have received considerable attention in recent years. The investigation of surface resistivities of both such films, to this point, has received far less consideration in comparison to pyroelectric effects. In this research, we report temperature dependent surface resistivity measurements of commercial, and of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), or Ag-nanoparticle doped PVA films. Without any variation in the temperature range from 22°C to 40°C with controlled humidity, we found that the surface resistivity decreases initially, reaches a minimum, but rises steadily as the temperature continues to increase. This research was conducted with the combined instrumentation of the Keithley Model 6517 Electrometer and Keithley Model 8009 resistivity test fixture using both commercial and in-house produced organic thin films. With the objective to quantify the suitability of PVDF and PVA films as IR detector materials, when using the surface resistivity phenomenon, instead of or in addition to the pyroelectricity, surface resistivity measurements are reported when considering bolometry. We found that the surface resistivity measurements on PVA films were readily implemented.

塑性铰区采用PVA纤维高强混凝土柱抗震性能

为了明确局部PVA纤维高强混凝土柱中轴压比、剪跨比和PVA纤维掺量对抗震性能的影响,对不同轴压比(0.2、0.3和0.4)、剪跨比(3.23、4.15和5.07)和PVA纤维体积分数(0、0.3%、0.5%和0.7%)的8根高强钢筋混凝土柱足尺试件进行了抗震性能试验,分析了PVA纤维掺量、轴压比和剪跨比等参数对于高强钢筋混凝土柱耗能能力、自复位能力、强度退化性能、刚度退化性能以及弯矩曲率关系的影响规律.以有限元模拟软件OpenSees为平台建立试件模型,对轴压比和剪跨比进行扩展分析.研究结果表明,PVA纤维混凝土柱的延性、耗能能力明显更优,抗震性能更好;同时,轴压比和剪跨比对抗震性能影响显著,PVA纤维掺量对其影响较大;建立的有限元模型具有较高的准确性.

Preparation and Properties of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Blended Fiber Membrane for Medical Dressing

The antibacterial dressing prepared by the electrospinning can play a role in protecting the wound,preventing infection and promoting wound healing,and have broad application prospects.Chitosan(CS)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)blended fiber membrane was successfully prepared by electrospinning.The fiber morphology,thermal properties and material composition of CS/PVA blended fiber membrane were studied,and the interaction between CS and PVA was analyzed,and the optimum blend ratio was also determined.Then glutaraldehyde(GA)steam cross-linking of the blended fiber membrane was carried out in order to improve the water resistance of the fiber membrane.At the same time,the effect of different cross-linking time on the water resistance of fiber membrane was investigated.The apparent morphology of the fiber membrane was observed by a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that with the increase of spinning solution concentration,the morphology of the fiber became more and more regular,and the fiber diameter increased gradually.The intermolecular interaction between CS and PVA was found by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy and thermal properties,which improved the spinnability of CS electrospinning.After cross-linking,the water resistance of the fiber membrane was greatly improved,among which the effect of 4 h cross-linking was the best,and the water resistance of the fiber membrane increased by 64.89%.

PVA纤维水泥基复合材料抗冲蚀磨损性能试验研究

挟沙水流对桥墩的冲蚀磨损严重,继而影响桥梁的安全服役.为此,采用自主研制的冲蚀磨损试验装置,对一种桥墩抗冲蚀磨损材料——聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纤维水泥基复合材料进行冲蚀磨损试验.以普通砂浆为参照,首先,测试了普通砂浆试块和PVA纤维水泥基复合材料试块的抗压强度;然后,测量了冲蚀引起的质量损失,并分析了两类材料在不同冲击角度下的冲蚀磨损特点;最后,采用计算流体力学程序开展数值模拟,从流场角度对冲蚀磨损机理开展了深入分析.研究结果表明:水胶比对材料抗冲蚀磨损性能影响最大,水胶比越低,材料的强度越高和抗冲蚀磨损性能越好;在不同的冲击角度下,试块表面的冲蚀坑形状不同,在90°冲击条件下,冲蚀坑呈圆环状,在30°冲击条件下,冲蚀坑呈马蹄形;普通砂浆和E3配合比试块随冲击时间增加,单位时间(5 min)的质量损失逐渐减小,但两者的冲蚀过程不同.

Degradation Performance and Biodiversity of an Anaerobic Polyvinyl Alcohol-Degrading Microbial Community

Polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that is hard to biodegrade. PVA-degrading microorganisms were previously reported as unitary bacteria and most of them have been identified as aerobes. In this work,a microbial community was cultured anaerobically and its degradation performance and biodiversity were analyzed. The microbial community was cultured for more than 40 d,which represents a highly efficient degradation performance with a chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 88. 48%. Operational taxonomic unit-based analysis of the sequences revealed a highly diverse community in the reactor. To note,metagenome 16s rDNA sequencing delineated 19 phyla and 41 classes. Specifically, proteobacteria, chlamydiae, bacteroidetes,firmicutes,and planctomycetes play key roles in the biodegradation processes. Moreover,the betaproteobacteria class belonging to the proteobacteria phylum was the predominant bacterial members in this community. Our results demonstrated that anaerobic treatment of PVA wastewater is feasible and confers degradation by a highly diverse microbial community.

Preparation and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel for Cancer Therapy

Hydrogel has emerged as an excellent carrier platform for smart drug delivery and effective cancer treatment due to its high water content, good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical properties. In this work,the DOX-loaded polyvinyl alcohol( PVA)hydrogel was prepared by freeze-thawing technique. The swelling test and the mechanical properties of the pure PVA hydrogels were performed. In addition, the in vitro drug release profiles were examined and the in vitro antitumor efficiency against He La cells was also estimated. The results indicated that the resulting PVA hydrogels contained significant amounts of water and possessed good mechanical properties,and DOX-loaded PVA hydrogel exhibited a sustained and p H-responsive DOX release. The MTT assays also demonstrated that the released DOX could effectively inhibit the proliferation of He La cells. Thus,the cross-linked PVA hydrogel can be further developed as a promising platform for cancer therapy.

THE MECHANISM OF SURFACE METALLIZATION OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL COMPLEX METAL CHELATE FILMS

A novel method for preparing metalllzed film has been studied.The reduction process and properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)were probed by several analytic means.According to the etudies,a mechanism for the polymer surface reduction metallization was proposed and proved.

PVA(聚乙烯醇)改良膨胀土强度性能试验研究

PVA(聚乙烯醇)作为一种高分子聚合物,可利用其强粘结性改良膨胀土,提高改良土强度降低其膨胀性。通过三轴试验,研究不同PVA含量对膨胀土性质的影响,试验发现:围压相同时,随着PVA含量增大,改良土强度与内摩擦角呈先增大后减小的趋势;黏聚力先增大后趋于稳定。在相同围压下,当PVA含量为3%,膨胀土的主应力之差达到最大,3%为PVA的最佳含量。掺量相同时,PVA含量0%、1%、2%、3%、4%改良土条件下,围压300 kPa较围压100 kPa时,强度提高39%、36%、29%、32%、31%。

PVA自修复纤维增强水泥基复合材料实验研究

文章首先研究测试掺和硅灰和过量PVA等添加剂的FRCC的自修复能力。借助两项实验研究评估不同裂纹条件下FRCC自修复能力。试验I对试样进行冻融循环,以引入微裂纹,试验II通过拉伸载荷试验产生了宽度高达500μm的可见裂纹,将受损FRCC试样暴露在多种条件下,以诱导自修复固化。试验I由于微观结构致密化和裂纹填充,所有裂纹和RDYM都能够恢复;试验II中FRCC自修复固化后证实水密性系数恢复,这与浸入水中期间比例一致。研究结果表明,PVA混合物能够提高裂纹FRCC自修复能力,不会对FRCC性能造成任何负面影响。

氧化石墨烯改性纤维增强水泥基材料的拉伸性能

为了提高聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基材料的力学性能,将氧化石墨烯(GO)引入PVA纤维增强水泥基材料中,探究GO掺量在0%~0.05%范围内对材料单轴拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:掺入适量的GO能够有效提高材料的单轴拉伸性能,当GO掺量为0.01%时,28 d时材料的初裂拉伸强度、极限拉伸强度和极限拉伸应变均达到最大值,与未掺GO的对照组相比分别提高了26.97%、31.28%、23.25%;适量的GO可以优化孔隙结构,减少材料内部缺陷,促进水化产物的生成,使微观结构致密化,增强纤维和基体间的界面结合力,从而改善PVA纤维增强水泥基材料的宏观性能.