Role of matrix structure and flaw size distribution modification on deflection hardening behavior of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites(PVA-ECC)

The multiple cracking and deflection hardening performance of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced engineered cementitious composites(PVA-ECC)under four-point flexural loading have been investigated.Matrices with different binder combinations and W/B ratios(from 0.44 to 0.78)providing satisfactory PVA fiber dispersion were specially designed.Effect of pre-existing flaw size distribution modification on deflection hardening behavior was comparatively studied by adding 3 mm diameter polyethylene beads into the mixtures(6%by total volume).Natural flaw size distributions of composites without beads were determined by cross sectional analysis.The crack number and crack width distributions of specimens after flexural loading were characterized and the possible causes of changes in multiple cracking and deflection hardening behavior by flaw size distribution modification were discussed.Promising results from the view point of deflection hardening behavior were obtained from metakaolin incorporated and flaw size distribution modified PVA-ECCs prepared with W/B=0.53.The dual roles of W/B ratio and superplasticizer content on flaw size distribution,cracking potential and fiber-matrix bond behavior were evaluated.Flaw size distribution modification is found beneficial in terms of ductility improvement at an optimized W/B ratio.

Multiphysics processes in the interfacial transition zone of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites under induced curing pressure and implications for mine backfill materials: A critical review

The mesoscale fiber-matrix interfacial transition zone(FM-ITZ) under induced curing pressure plays a key role in the effectiveness of fiber reinforcement and the engineering application of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites(FRCCs). This critical review establishes the link among induced curing pressure(i.e., external loading condition), multiphysics processes(i.e., internal governing mechanism), and interface behavior(i.e., material behavior) for FRCC materials through analysis of the state-of-the-art research findings on the FM-ITZ of FRCC materials. The following results are obtained. For the mechanical process, the induced curing pressure changes the stress state and enhances multicracking behavior, which can strengthen the FM-ITZ. For the hydraulic process, the strengthened seepage of the FM-ITZ under induced curing pressure weakens the effective stress and exaggerates the deficiency in water retention capacity between the bulk matrix and the FMITZ. For the thermal process, the induced curing pressure causes a steep temperature gradient in the FM-ITZ and thus influences the temperature evolution and thermally-induced microcracks in the FM-ITZ. For the chemical process, the induced curing pressure enhances hydration kinetics and results in the formation of additional hydration products in the FM-ITZ. Moreover, recommendations are proposed on the basis of findings from this review to facilitate the implementation of fiber reinforcement in cemented paste backfill technology.

Fracture and Tensile Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Reinforced Cementitous Composites

Experiments were carried out to design polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） fiber reinforced cementitous composites （PVA-FRCCs） holding high ductility and energy consumption ability. Besides, the properties of each ingredients in composites, mixing method and technology for fresh mixture were described in detail. Then, the pseudo-strain-hardening （PSH） behavior was investigated in uniaxial tension test. As a result, the maximum ultimate tensile strain can reach 0.7 percent. On the other hand, the single edge notch （SEN） thin sheet specimens were employed to gain the normal tensile load via crack mouth opening displacement （CMOD） curves, which can show obvious PSH behavior. In addition, the curves can be divided into four zones whose fracture toughness calculation methods were discussed. The wedge splitting （WS） test method can be applied to discuss the fracture toughness. Moreover, fracture energy of SEN and WS specimens were both approximately evaluated.

Electromagnetic Shielding and Absorption Properties of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites

In order to investigate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness （SE） and absorbing properties of fiber reinforced concrete, steel fiber, carbon fiber and synthetic polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） fiber reinforced concrete were researched. The results show that with the increase of fiber Volume fraction, the SE and trend of frequency change of corresponding fiber reinforced concrete are enhanced. When the volume content of steel fiber is 3%, the SE of concrete is above 50 dB and its frequency is above 1.8 GHz. Moreover, in the range of 8-18 GHz, steel fiber, carbon fiber and PVA fiber all can improve the microwave absorption properties of concrete. The concrete with 0.5% carbon fiber can achieve the best absorbing property, the minimum reflectivity is about -7 dB; while steel fiber optimal volume fraction is 2%. The reflectivity curve of PVA fiber reinforced concrete fluctuates with the frequency, and the minimum value of the reflectivity is below -10 dB. The results show that fiber reinforced concrete could be used as EMI（electromagnetic interference） prevention buildings by attenuating and reflecting electromagnetic wave energy.

Sodium alginate-polyvinyl alcohol/polysulfone (SA-PVA/PSF) hollow fiber composite pervaporation membrane for dehydration of ethanol-water solution

Using polysulfone （PSF） hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as the substrate, sodium alginate （SA） and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） blend solutions as the coating solution, and maleic anhydride （MAC） as the cross-linked agent, SAPVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared for the dehydration of ethanol-water. The effects of different sodium alginate concentration in the coating solutions and different operating temperatures on pervaporation performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that pervaporation performance of the SA-PVA/PSF composite membranes for ethanol-water solution exhibited a high separation factor although they had a relatively low permeation flux. As SA concentration in SA-PVA coating solution was 66.7% and the operating temperature was 40 ℃, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane （PS4） had a separation factor of 886 and flux of 12.6 g/（m^2·h）. Besides, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes （PS3 and PS4） were used for the investigation of the effect of ethanol concentration in the feed solution on pervaporation performance.

Main properties of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cement composites under couple effect of load and environment

This study aims to reveal the mechanism that how the content of steel fibers and strength grades affect the macro performance of the ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite （UHPFRCC） and to study the UHPFRCC durability under the combined effect of loads and environments. Three types of high and ultra-high performance fiber reinforced cement composites with different strength grades （100, 150, 200 MPa） and different steel fiber volume fractions （0%, 1%, 2%, 3%） are prepared. The main properties of mechanical performance and short-term durability are studied. A preloading frame is designed to apply a four- point load external flexural stress with a stress selection ratio of 0.5 for UHPFRCC150 specimens. The results show that the growth in strength grade with a proper content of steel fiber greatly increases the strength and toughness of the HPFRCC and the UHPFRCC while decreasing the dry-shrinkage ratio. For the loaded specimens, the existence of steel fiber can reduce the negative influence of tensile stress on the Cl- penetration resistance of the UHPFRCC in addition to improving its ability to resist the freeze-thaw damage.

Effect of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Using Resin Impregnation

In this paper, we deals with mechanical performance of resin impregnation with natural fiber and fiber reinforced composites. The effect of the addition of a rein impregnation process on static strength of the injection molded composites was investigated by carrying out tensile and banding tests, followed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fiber surface and fracture surface of composites. The tensile strength of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites with resin impregnation method increases with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) impregnation. In addition, Phenol resin impregnation recovers fiber tensile strength after alkali treatment. Resin impregnation causes decrease in contact surface area;however, it does not cause decrease in mechanical properties. Our results suggest that the using rein impregnation method has better effect on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composites.

Uniaxial Compressive Properties of Ultra High Toughness Cementitious Composite

Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to characterize the main compressive performance of ultra high toughness cementitious composite （UHTCC） in terms of strength and toughness and to obtain its stress-strain relationships. The compressive strength investigated ranges from 30 MPa to 60 MPa. Complete stress-strain curves were directly obtained, and the strength indexes, including uniaxial compressive strength, compressive strain at peak stress, elastic modulus and Poisson＇s ratio, were calculated. The comparisons between UHTCC and matrix were also carried out to understand the fiber effect on the compressive strength indexes. Three dimensionless toughness indexes were calculated, which either represent its relative improvement in energy absorption capacity because of fiber addition or provide an indication of its behavior relative to a rigid-plastic material. Moreover, two new toughness indexes, which were named as post-crack deformation energy and equivalent compressive strength, were proposed and calculated with the aim at linking up the compressive toughness of UHTCC with the existing design concept of concrete. The failure mode was also given. The study production provides material characteristics for the practical engineering application of UHTCC.

Punching and Local Damages of Fiber and FRP Reinforced Concrete under Low-Velocity Impact Load

In recent years, the development and application of high performance fiber reinforced concrete or cementitious composites are increasing due to their high ductility and energy absorption characteristics. However, it is difficult to obtain the required properties of the FRCC by simply adding fiber to the concrete matrix. Many researchers are paying attention to fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) for the reinforcement of construction structures because of their significant advantages over high strain rates. However, the actual FRP products are skill-dependent, and the quality may not be uniform. Therefore, in this study, two-way punching tests were carried out to evaluate the performances of FRP strengthened and steel and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber reinforced concrete specimens for impact and static loads. The FRP reinforced normal concrete (NC), steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), and PVA FRCC specimens showed twice the amount of enhanced dissipated energy (total energy) under impact loadings than the non-retrofitted specimens. In the low-velocity impact test of the two-way NC specimens strengthened by FRPs, the total dissipated energy increased by 4 to 5 times greater than the plain NC series. For the two-way specimens, the total energy increased by 217% between the non-retrofitted SFRC and NC specimens. The total dissipated energy of the CFRP retrofitted SFRC was twice greater than that of the plain SFRC series. The PVA FRCC specimens showed 4 times greater dissipated energy than for the energy of the plain NC specimens. For the penetration of two-way specimens with fibers, the Hughes formula considering the tensile strength of concrete was a better predictor than other empirical formulae.

氧化石墨烯改性纤维增强水泥基材料的拉伸性能

为了提高聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强水泥基材料的力学性能,将氧化石墨烯(GO)引入PVA纤维增强水泥基材料中,探究GO掺量在0%~0.05%范围内对材料单轴拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:掺入适量的GO能够有效提高材料的单轴拉伸性能,当GO掺量为0.01%时,28 d时材料的初裂拉伸强度、极限拉伸强度和极限拉伸应变均达到最大值,与未掺GO的对照组相比分别提高了26.97%、31.28%、23.25%;适量的GO可以优化孔隙结构,减少材料内部缺陷,促进水化产物的生成,使微观结构致密化,增强纤维和基体间的界面结合力,从而改善PVA纤维增强水泥基材料的宏观性能.

配筋PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料梁柱边节点抗震性能试验研究

改善工程材料韧性和耐久性,提高框架梁柱节点抵抗变形和破坏的能力,是提高框架结构抗震韧性的有效途径之一。采用PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料代替普通混凝土应用到梁柱边节点,考虑轴压比和加密区体积配箍率的影响,设计6个配筋PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料、1个配筋单掺PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料和1个钢筋混凝土梁柱边节点试件进行拟静力试验,分析其破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能能力、钢筋应变和梁端塑性铰区转角,探讨混杂纤维的加入对梁柱边节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:与钢筋混凝土节点和单掺PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料节点相比,PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料节点的承载力高、变形能力大、延性好、耗能能力强,抗震性能显著提升。当试验轴压比从0.12增加到0.24,梁端塑性铰区产生一定的外移,塑性性能发挥更充分,同时试件的变形能力、延性、耗能能力增加。在加密区体积配箍率减小的情况下,试件仍表现出良好的抗震性能。

RTP-PVA混杂纤维的工程水泥基复合材料干缩性能试验研究

为研究回收轮胎聚合物(recycled tyre polymer,RTP)和聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)混杂纤维对工程水泥基复合材料(engineered cementitious composites,ECC)干缩性能的影响,对RTP-PVA混杂纤维总体积分数为2.0%的ECC进行流动性、直接拉伸和干缩试验,并分析混杂纤维作用机理和干缩计算模型.结果表明:RTP纤维替代率为12.5%~50%对ECC流动性影响不大,比单掺PVA纤维的ECC流动性降低1.09%~3.69%.ECC的抗拉强度随RTP纤维替代率的增加而降低,不同比例的混杂纤维比单掺PVA纤维的ECC抗拉强度降低了23.6%~56.6%.不同比例混杂纤维ECC干缩率曲线趋势相近,7 d时干缩率为28 d时的80.92%~82.77%.ECC的干缩率随RTP纤维替代率的增加而降低,28 d时不同RTP纤维替代率的混杂纤维比单掺PVA纤维的ECC干缩率降低了0.80%~2.09%.RTP-PVA混杂纤维可在ECC中协同发挥作用抑制基体干缩,结合试验结果得到适合RTP-PVA混杂纤维ECC的指数型干缩预测模型.

不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能

为研究不同尺度纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能,对单掺和复掺碳酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维的水泥基材料分别进行电通量试验、电镜扫描观测及基本力学性能试验,分析不同纤维尺度、掺量及复合比例对水泥基材料抗氯离子渗透性能和基本力学性能的影响规律,并基于试验结果给出了多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型。结果表明,不同尺度纤维可在不同结构层次上发挥对水泥基材料的增强作用,使得多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透性能明显优于单一纤维增强水泥基材料;多纤维复合材料的抗压强度与氯离子侵蚀深度及电通量大致呈反比例关系;当复合材料的抗压强度提高13.6%时,其氯离子侵蚀深度和总电通量则分别降低39.1%和44.7%;建立的氯离子侵蚀深度计算模型,可用于多纤维复合增强水泥基材料的抗氯离子渗透和侵蚀性能评估。

钢-PVA混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料永久模板叠合RC单向板短期刚度计算方法

钢-PVA混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料(HFRCC)具有良好的受拉韧性和耐久性能,是永久模板的理想材料。首先探究了PVA纤维掺量对HFRCC工作性能和抗折强度的影响,随着PVA纤维掺量增加,HFRCC的工作性能显著减弱,抗折强度先增大再减小,最终选用含有1.5%钢纤维和0.25%PVA纤维的HFRCC来制作永久模板。随后对六个HFRCC永久模板叠合RC单向板和一个RC单向板进行了四点受弯试验,探究了HFRCC-RC界面处理方式和配筋率对叠合板受弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:抹平、等距凹槽和钢钉拉毛三种界面处理方式对叠合板受弯性能的影响可以忽略;HFRCC模板能够有效限制裂缝发展,减小裂缝宽度和间距,叠合板的开裂弯矩相比于普通混凝土板提高了20.1%~31.7%。分别采用刚度解析法和有效惯性矩法建立了HFRCC-RC叠合板短期刚度计算方法,两种方法均有较高的计算精度且离散性较小。

木纤维增强石膏基复合材料的耐水增韧改性

【目的】木纤维增强石膏基复合材料的耐水性和韧性较差,限制了其在建筑领域进一步的发展,针对此材料上述2种缺点开展木纤维增强石膏基复合材料的耐水增韧改性研究,扩展石膏基复合材料的应用领域,提高其经济效益。【方法】以硅酸盐水泥为无机改性剂、聚乙烯醇溶液(PVA)为增韧剂,探究两者协同对木纤维增强石膏基复合材料力学性能和耐水性能的影响,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的微观结构进行了表征。【结果】硅酸盐水泥和PVA在复合材料中产生了协同作用,可以弥补单掺水泥强度低和单掺PVA耐水性差的缺点。复合材料抗折强度和抗压强度分别为5.56和10.01 MPa,较改性前分别提升了40%和63%,2 h吸水率和24 h吸水率分别为19.83%和20.14%,比改性前分别降低了10.17%和11.97%,软化系数提高了0.4。XRD、FT-IR、SEM结果显示水泥与石膏的水化反应产生了钙钒石和硅酸钙凝胶等水化物,水化物填充水泥石膏基体。孔结构分析结果显示,水泥和PVA的加入降低了复合材料的孔隙率,减少超大孔的出现,复合材料的耐水性和力学性能得到提升。【结论】硅酸盐水泥的加入使复合材料内部水化反应受到影响,导致复合材料的力学强度受到影响。加入PVA后的复合材料内部物质连接紧密,提高了复合材料的力学性能,但是耐水性较差。硅酸盐水泥和PVA协同能提高复合材料的力学性能和耐水性能,弥补了单掺硅酸盐水泥复合材料力学下降和单掺PVA复合材料耐水性差的缺点。

碳纤维与玄武岩纤维网格增强ECC复合板的单轴抗拉性能研究

传统纤维网格增强水泥基复合材料以脆性材料为基体,开裂后裂缝宽度较大导致FRP网格强度无法充分发挥。为解决该问题,使用高延性水泥基复合材料(ECC)作为水泥基替代脆性材料,与FRP网格结合制备出适用于新土木的新型轻质高强材料纤维网格增强水泥基复合材料(FRCM),并通过对FRCM复合板进行单轴拉伸试验研究FRP类型及层数对纤维网格增强水泥基复合材料力学性能影响机制及其与ECC材料协同受力变形的能力。设计2种不同类型纤维网格(碳纤维CFRP与玄武岩纤维BFRP)增强的ECC复合材料拉伸试验,2种试验均考虑FRP网格层数和基体厚度对复合材料性能的影响。基于FRP网格和ECC材料本身的变形特点,探究FRP类型、层数和基体厚度对复合材料破坏模式、初始弹性模量、应变硬化模量、开裂应力、峰值应力和应变的影响规律。结果表明:1)在试验工况下,随着网格层数从1层增加到6层,试件的抗拉强度均表现出先增大后减小的特性,在配置5层网格时强度最高;2)基体厚度对试件弹性阶段的力学行为影响较小,但对应变硬化阶段的模量和峰值强度影响较大;3)2种FRP网格的强度和伸长率不同,且与短纤维的协同工作性能也存在差异,导致CFRP-ECC和BFRP-ECC复合材料的拉伸性能存在较大差异。

GO-PVA注浆材料的制备及其强度特征研究

由于瓦斯抽采钻孔周围稳定性较差,受扰动影响易致钻孔周围煤岩体产生新的裂隙,进而降低瓦斯抽采效率,为填补现有材料颗粒大、胶结能力差的缺陷,引入纳米材料和高分子聚合物材料改善瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔材料的性能,并分析纳米材料氧化石墨烯(Graphene Oxide,GO)、高分子聚合物聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl Alcohol,PVA)纤维复掺于水泥基注浆材料中的宏微观强度特征。采用单因素试验探究GO最佳质量分数及PVA纤维最佳长度和质量分数,确定最优值后再与普通水泥注浆材料进行复合对比试验,并通过单轴压缩测试不同养护龄期下的强度变化规律,结合蠕变特性、相似模拟和扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)图像,探讨复合材料的增强机理。研究结果表明:两类添加剂均对水泥基注浆材料抗压强度展现出有效的提升作用,尤其是当氧化石墨的质量分数为0.04%,PVA质量分数和长度分别为0.2%和3 mm时,其抗压性能达到顶峰,密封性能提升,抵抗外界应力变化的能力得到增强。研究结果可为封孔注浆材料的研发提供基础。

花岗斑岩石粉高韧性水泥基复合材料性能研究

高韧性水泥基复合材料(ECC)具有优异的力学性能和裂缝控制能力,已应用在大尺寸的板梁结构中,但因造价过高限制了其进一步的推广应用。机制砂在生产过程中会产生大量的石粉,如处理不当则会严重污染环境。为达到降低ECC造价及保护环境的双重目标,本文以花岗斑岩石粉代替河砂来配制花岗斑岩石粉高韧性水泥基复合材料(GP-ECC),研究了其各项性能,并建立了GP-ECC自收缩预测模型。研究表明,GP-ECC试件均表现出多缝开裂与应变硬化的特征,其抗压强度和抗折强度均随石粉取代率的增加而先减小后增大,完全取代时性能最优,其28 d拉伸峰值应力达4.4 MPa,极限应变超4.2%,抗压强度均超50 MPa,抗折强度超18 MPa。GP-ECC试件的早期自收缩值随石粉取代率的增加而增加,其中石粉完全取代河砂时的自收缩值为3 133.3μm/m,较基准试件增加了117.3%,故抑制GP-ECC的自收缩很有必要。同时,本文提出的自收缩预测模型能够有效预测GP-ECC的自收缩变化情况。SEM测试结果表明,PVA纤维在花岗斑岩石粉水泥基体中分散均匀,能协同工作。

再生细骨料制备纤维水泥基复合材料配合比优化及其性能

用再生细骨料制备再生骨料纤维水泥基复合材料(recycled fine aggregates-fiber-reinforced cementitious composites,RFA-FRCC),研究再生细骨料替代率、水胶比和聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维体积掺量3个因素对RFA-FRCC抗压强度和抗折强度的影响;基于Box-Behnken响应面法对3个因素进行回归分析,优化RFA-FRCC配合比设计,提出系统化的RFA-FRCC配合比设计方法。结果表明:再生细骨料替代率对RFA-FRCC的强度影响最大,水胶比的影响次之,PVA纤维体积掺量的影响最小;当再生细骨料替代率为50%、水胶比为0.284、PVA纤维体积掺量为2.5%时,试件具有最佳的力学性能。微观分析结果表明,再生细骨料的存在并未改变纤维和水泥基体黏结界面的性质。

GFRP约束ECC短柱偏压试验研究

纤维增强复合材料(Fiber Reinforced Polymer,FRP)约束工程纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Engineered Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites,ECC)轴压柱可显著提高其承载能力和延性,但偏压作用下FRP约束ECC柱的性能提升程度和作用机理有待研究。基于此,以偏心距(0、10、30、50 mm)和FRP层数(0、2、4层)为试验变量,对玻璃纤维增强复合材料(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer,GFRP)约束ECC短柱展开了竖向加载试验,并对试验结果进行了分析。研究结果表明:小偏心破坏时受压侧FRP断裂、混凝土被压碎,大偏心破坏时受拉侧FRP撕裂与混凝土横向裂缝近乎同时出现。轴压作用下,轴向变形和抗压强度显著增大;偏压作用下,抗压承载力随着偏心距的增大而减小,而极限位移无明显变化规律。此外,承载力和延性都随着FRP层数的增加而增大。