Due to historic reasons China encounters some special difficulties in ESI (electricity system industry) restructuring. An easy and simple electricity value equivalent (es EVE) method for day ahead pool purchase pric...Due to historic reasons China encounters some special difficulties in ESI (electricity system industry) restructuring. An easy and simple electricity value equivalent (es EVE) method for day ahead pool purchase pricing of China is therefore presented in this paper. The es EVE method is different from two part and one part tariffs. It is more like the UK's method in form, but revised for China with some new concepts and procedure. The main contributions of it include: (1) Find two kinds of eigenvalue, namely EVEs, in an optimization model, (2) Define new concepts of virtual units and feasible region, (3) Twice merit orderings are employed successively to find marginal price. They are simple maximum and minimum comparison procedures and so on. The special economic significance of the method for China is discussed, and some suggestion for ESI restructuring based on es EVE method are provided. A case study is offered at the end of the paper.展开更多
区域发展差距是地理学研究的经典命题,全面建成小康社会时期,保障和改善民生成为社会建设的重点,居民真实收入的差距也成为区域发展差距研究关注的内容。对于区域发展差距的研究通常使用名义指标(GDP、人均GDP、可支配收入等)进行测度,...区域发展差距是地理学研究的经典命题,全面建成小康社会时期,保障和改善民生成为社会建设的重点,居民真实收入的差距也成为区域发展差距研究关注的内容。对于区域发展差距的研究通常使用名义指标(GDP、人均GDP、可支配收入等)进行测度,然而物价水平的差异导致不同地区的名义收入存在被高估或低估的现象,需要用更合理的真实收入指标来衡量区域发展差距。针对当前名义收入不能反映居民实际收入的客观事实,文章借鉴购买力平价(Purchasing Power Parity)理论,从购买力的角度测算各地区的实际收入水平差距。结果表明:1通过购买力平价可以得出用来比较同一时期、不同地区之间综合物价水平的空间价格指数(Space Price Index),用于消除地区之间物价水平的影响,将名义收入转换为实际收入;2综合考虑收入和物价两个因素,居民的实际收入差距要小于名义收入所显示的差距;3长三角地区名义收入和实际收入均是高值集聚的热点,是居民收入高、购买能力强、实际生活水平最高的区域,西南部分地区则由于名义收入水平较低、物价水平较高,是实际发展最落后、居民生活水平最低的区域。展开更多
文摘Due to historic reasons China encounters some special difficulties in ESI (electricity system industry) restructuring. An easy and simple electricity value equivalent (es EVE) method for day ahead pool purchase pricing of China is therefore presented in this paper. The es EVE method is different from two part and one part tariffs. It is more like the UK's method in form, but revised for China with some new concepts and procedure. The main contributions of it include: (1) Find two kinds of eigenvalue, namely EVEs, in an optimization model, (2) Define new concepts of virtual units and feasible region, (3) Twice merit orderings are employed successively to find marginal price. They are simple maximum and minimum comparison procedures and so on. The special economic significance of the method for China is discussed, and some suggestion for ESI restructuring based on es EVE method are provided. A case study is offered at the end of the paper.
文摘区域发展差距是地理学研究的经典命题,全面建成小康社会时期,保障和改善民生成为社会建设的重点,居民真实收入的差距也成为区域发展差距研究关注的内容。对于区域发展差距的研究通常使用名义指标(GDP、人均GDP、可支配收入等)进行测度,然而物价水平的差异导致不同地区的名义收入存在被高估或低估的现象,需要用更合理的真实收入指标来衡量区域发展差距。针对当前名义收入不能反映居民实际收入的客观事实,文章借鉴购买力平价(Purchasing Power Parity)理论,从购买力的角度测算各地区的实际收入水平差距。结果表明:1通过购买力平价可以得出用来比较同一时期、不同地区之间综合物价水平的空间价格指数(Space Price Index),用于消除地区之间物价水平的影响,将名义收入转换为实际收入;2综合考虑收入和物价两个因素,居民的实际收入差距要小于名义收入所显示的差距;3长三角地区名义收入和实际收入均是高值集聚的热点,是居民收入高、购买能力强、实际生活水平最高的区域,西南部分地区则由于名义收入水平较低、物价水平较高,是实际发展最落后、居民生活水平最低的区域。