Exploration on China's Institution-oriented Elderly Care Service System Based on Human Factors Engineering

Objective Aging process in China has brought more and more challenges to traditional home-based care for the aged and more attentions to the mode of institution-oriented elderly care.This work,by analyzing the problems and defects of institution engaging in elderly care based on the human factors engineering theory,discusses the people-centered institution-oriented elderly care service system,in terms of the problems that the pattern of institution-oriented elderly care focuses more on the facilities and environment construction than the principal role of people in the elderly care service system.Methods Sampled the institutions engaging in elderly care in Hefei City,Anhui Province,P.R.China(a medium-sized city in China);surveyed 45 institutions engaging in elderly care and 828 registered elders in Hefei City by hierarchical and systematic sampling method.Results(1)institutions engaging in elderly care shared the occupancy rate of 49.6%and low total service efficiency;(2)institutions engaging in elderly care offered 100%life-oriented service items,but only 6.1%personalized service items provided;(3)100%simple housing facilities in elderly care institutions,but extremely less personalized service facility(3.2%),with poorer quality and less satisfaction;(4)insufficient professional service staff could be available;48.1%institutions have 5 or less professional service staffs.Conclusion A countermeasure to improve the elderly care service system was raised here by aiming at improving the institution-oriented elderly care service:(1)to transfer service toward the people-oriented concept,formulating preferential policy for endowment insurance;(2)to pay attention to personalized design of service facility,offer personalized and featured service items,and improve service management level;(3)to build professional team for elderly care.

Survey on the Demand for Elderly Care Services of Community Residents in Beijing and Analysis of Influencing Factors

Objective: To investigate the current situation of the demand for geriatric care services of community residents in Beijing and analyze the influencing factors to provide a reference basis for meeting the demand for diversified and professional geriatric care services. Methods: A self-made questionnaire was used to randomly survey 1558 elderly individuals at community health service centers in 8 urban districts where elderly care centers were planned to be built. The influencing factors of the different characteristics of elderly care service needs from three aspects were analyzed using a dichotomous logistic regression model: predisposing, enabling, and, need factors. Results: 69.7% of the elderly required home care services, 22.8% wanted to get care services at elderly care centers, 15.9% wanted to get care services at nursing homes, 12.3% required community care services, and 7.4% didn’t know where to access care services. 68.5% of the elderly required care services for disabilities/semi-disabilities, 58.0% for dementia, 54.7% for common diseases, 34.9% for rehabilitation training, 33.0% for plumbing care, and 7.5% for hospice care. At the same time, there were urban- rural differences in the demand for elderly care services, with suburban elderly having a higher demand for care services than those living in urban areas (P < 0.05). The elderly’s demand for care services was mainly related to age, place of residence, and gender in the causative factors, mode of residence and physical condition among able factors, and mode of care services and care needs among need factors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The demand for elderly care services was differentiated by factors including place of residence, age, and gender. It is crucial to accurately match the demand for elderly care services, innovate the mode of elderly care services, and improve the service quality to improve the elderly health service system.

我国农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践影响因素:一项范围综述

背景以家庭医生签约服务为载体的健康管理服务是我国农村老年人实现健康老龄化的必要途径,而该项服务在实践中受到多种因素影响。目的对影响我国农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践的因素进行范围综述,为提高该项服务的可及性和有效性提供参考依据。方法于2023年1—4月,遵循范围综述报告规范清单,于Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Medline、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网和中国生物医学文献数据库检索有关家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理的文献,检索时限为建库至2022-12-31。根据纳入和排除标准,基于社会生态学模型审查、总结和分析影响农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践的因素。结果共纳入27篇文献,提取了与农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理相关的个人、人际、组织、社区及政策5个层面的影响因素。结论农村家庭医生签约服务老年人健康管理实践受到多层面、多因素影响,推动农村地区签约服务老年人健康管理发展需综合考虑其影响因素,明确各责任部门、主体的权利和义务,合力促进以家庭医生签约服务为载体的健康管理服务提质增效。

Problems and Countermeasures of Intelligent Elderly Care Service in the Context of Fewer Children in China

With the intensification of population aging and the implementation of the three-child policy,the elderly care pressure of Chinese families continues to rise.Therefore,accelerating the construction of a new intelligent elderly care service model is an important measure to actively respond to population aging,ease the burden of family elderly care and promote high-quality economic development.In view of this,this study analyzed the intelligent elderly care service to explore the relevant countermeasures of the intelligent elderly care service in the context of fewer children.

The study of urban community endowment service problem in China --Demand of the elderly in Taiyuan city

China＇s ageing, the service for elderly pension is become a serious problem, and the traditional way of pension is not enough to meet the needs of existing. In this case, the community endowment to its unique advantages to be the new choice to solve the problem of China＇s pension. Taiyuan city, Shanxi Province in China based on as the breakthrough point, to study the community endowment service of Taiyuan city. For multiple community in Taiyuan city by using the method of field survey and some residents to investigate analyze the present situation of Taiyuan city community endowment. Through the research that Taiyuan city community endowment exists does not reach the designated position on propaganda, unbalanced development, lack of funds, community service and social participation is not high, and even the poor community health care can＇t satisfy the elderly need to all sorts of problems. Put forward the corresponding suggestion, according to the issues can be solved through policy support, strengthen the propaganda, broaden the sources of funding, training and service team, strengthening community health service and diversified development, community service projects, so that the community endowment in China better development.

人口老龄化背景下智慧医疗助老服务体系现状及策略研究

智慧医疗发展迅猛,“互联网+医疗”逐渐成为医疗体系发展的主要业态。关注老年群体在信息化时代下就医的触点、痛点与难点,构建适应于老年人就医服务体系,并通过实践来验证成效,全面提升老年人在智慧化高速发展下的就医体验,提升就医意愿。运用服务设计理念制定针对老年人就医的服务流程,弱化因智能化设备及信息化流程繁复在就医中造成的阻碍,创新多种助老的特色服务模式,提供多元化、多模式、更精准的医疗服务,加强老年人医疗保障,优化就医环境,为老年人提供便利的医疗服务体系是提升就医体验举措中的必然选择。在给老年人提供优质医疗保障的同时,带来深层次人文关怀,对于社会和谐稳定发展具有深远的意义。

Research on the Improvement Path of the Mental Health of the Elderly From the Perspective of College Students’Volunteer Service Activities

The elderly are the main objects of college students’volunteer service activities.At present,there are various forms of college students’volunteer service activities,which are highly valued by colleges and universities and popular among college students.In order to further improve the mental health of the elderly,it could be achieved through paths like strengthening volunteering cooperation with aged services agencies,implementing the volunteer service mechanism of“one person-one file,one person-one policy”for the elderly,establishing a mental health mentor system for volunteer service activities,improving the mental health knowledge level of college student volunteers,carrying out a series of voluntary service activities with the theme of mental health,attaching importance on cultivating the positive and optimistic attitude of the elderly in volunteer service activities,and launching volunteer service activities to enrich the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly.

区域养老服务政策协同测度、演变及其均等化效应——以长三角为例

长三角是区域一体化发展的示范,但不平衡不充分的养老服务成为其一体化进程中的短板,区域养老服务政策协同可为此提供解决方案。在构建区域养老服务政策协同测度模型的基础上,收集整理2011—2021年间长三角三省一市省级养老服务政策,通过政策量化系统评估长三角养老服务政策协同水平及演变趋势,并识别其对养老服务均等化的影响。研究结果显示,长三角养老服务政策整体处于失调与协调的不断转换状态,且省际养老服务政策协同有助于促进长三角区域养老服务均等化;同时,从设定养老服务政策协同目标导向、缩小省际养老服务政策水平差距、重塑养老服务一体化推进体系,以及构建养老服务一体化考核机制等方面,提出中国促进区域养老服务协同发展的政策建议。

The effect of older population on public health spending:Evidence from Spain

ackground:The gradual ageing of the population,and its effect on public spending,constitutes an urgent challenge for advanced economies.Through this study,we analyse the effect of older people,and their health and individual characteristics,on public health spending.Methods:Using logistic regression methods,we have analysed the use of different health services and health technologies by older people in Spain,controlled for several health,socioeconomic,and other individual factors.Results:The main factors that explain the consumption of both health services and health technology,above age,are related to the so-called need factors:self-reported health status,presence of chronic diseases,and disability.Conclusion:Knowing the main factors that imply greater public health spending is a topic of special interest for designing efficient health policies,in a context of growth in public health spending.In this way,preventive attention on the so-called need factors may be an important driver to improve the effectiveness of spending.

人口老龄化背景下辽宁省实施智慧医养服务有效路径分析

随着全球人口老龄化程度的加深,我国迎来了“银发时代”,养老问题在面临严峻挑战的同时也衍生出了新的机遇.目前,辽宁省已经进入深度老龄化社会,随着人们养老需求的增加及电子信息技术的飞速发展,智慧医养成为老龄化时代的必然产物.通过对国家统计局、中国互联网络信息中心、智慧医养等相关平台发布的数据进行统计、对比分析,发现辽宁省实施智慧医养服务面临着在老年群体中推广度较低、覆盖面不全、基础有待提升、网络信息平台存在安全隐患等困境,最终从4个方面提出针对辽宁省实施智慧医养服务的有效实施路径,希望能够以此促进辽宁省智慧医养服务高质量发展,对辽宁经济的发展及健康中国战略的实施起到一定的推动作用.

我国养老产业发展“拐点”研判——基于多案例研究的典型事实

随着人口老龄化进程加速,我国的养老需求结构正在从生存型向发展型转变,这将为养老产业的发展带来广阔的市场空间,但当前我国养老产业发展相对滞后,仍面临严重的发展困境。我国养老产业发展的“拐点”何时到来?为回答好这个问题,本文以案例研究和实证分析相结合的研究框架,首先,以法、德、日、美四国为例,系统梳理其养老产业发展历程,总结归纳出养老产业发展“拐点”出现的共性特征;其次,聚焦日本养老产业发展轨迹,重点关注其介护险实施前后养老产业相关重要指标变化;最后,选取九个养老产业相关指标,基于指数平滑、灰色模型等方法对中国养老产业未来情况进行预测,并与日本可比时期指标情况进行比较,判断中国养老产业“拐点”出现的可能时间。研究发现:养老产业发展“拐点”的出现具有四个共性特征,分别是三支柱养老金体系改革、长护险制度全面实施、多元化服务助推医养结合、代际转换背后的产业增量机会,而中国养老产业发展“拐点”可能出现的窗口期将在2026—2030年间。

中国人口老龄化及其健康挑战与疫苗免疫服务

中国人口形势正在发生重大的转折性变化,人口结构问题日益突出,人口老龄化已成为今后较长一段时间必须面对的基本国情。文章综述了中国人口老龄化的成因、趋势和特征,分析了人口老龄化带来的健康挑战,提出卫生服务体系必须做好准备并适应当前和未来老年人口的需求,包括疫苗免疫服务需求。

创新金融支持养老服务业发展问题研究

我国人口老龄化程度不断加剧,社会对养老服务业有着紧迫且持久的需求,当前我国养老服务业尚处于初级发展阶段,需要金融支持推动行业发展。虽然国家已出台多项政策不断推动金融支持养老服务业,养老产业金融发展方向逐步明晰,养老服务金融产品日益丰富,但仍存在养老产业金融支持政策不完善、投资依赖政府、缺乏长期投资者、养老服务金融产品供需不匹配、市场监管不到位、国民金融素养不足等问题。政府需要进一步优化养老金融发展路径,创新金融支持养老服务业发展方式,推动我国建设健全养老服务体系。

西南地区基本养老服务均等化测度与区域差异

基本养老服务均等化是老年人共享改革成果和社会公平正义的重要体现。文章从“物质帮助-照护服务-关爱服务”三个维度对西南地区基本养老服务均等化水平进行测度、分析与预测。研究发现:时间演变上,2012—2022年西南地区水平整体稳步上升,各子维度波折上升;区域差异上,西南总体呈现两阶段变化趋势,以区域内差异为主,子维度区域差异为照护服务>关爱服务>物质帮助;未来趋势上,2023—2025年基本养老服务均等化水平持续上升且区域差异不断缩小。据此,提出了保障物质、持续照护、重视关爱的养老服务举措。

从代际鸿沟到普惠可及:数字乡村公共服务适老化的融合与创新

推进数字乡村公共服务适老化是数字伦理、数字增效、数字反哺的重要内容,能够助力乡村振兴、促进城乡公共服务均等化、推动机会公平、弥合代际数字鸿沟,为推进农村共同富裕提供关键支撑。然而,囿于城乡二元结构和农村天然属性,数字乡村公共服务适老化融合仍然存在公共服务供给“政府主导”与“市场缺位”并存、资源要素配置“结构失衡”与“区域补偿”并存、产业发展基础“低端短链”与“转化不足”并存等现实困境,不利于老年群体的“数字接入”“数字融入”“数字共情”。鉴于此,未来推动乡村数字公共服务适老化融合要以“普惠、可及、包容”为目标,以“低龄老人提升数字素养、高龄老人享受数字生活”为重点,强化以需求、资源与技能为导向,以界面、行为与情感为场域,以个体、社会与政府协同为支撑,加快构建乡村数字治理新模式,旨在消弭农村老年群体数字鸿沟,释放农村新的人口红利。

人口老龄化背景下辽宁省实施智慧医养服务有效路径分析

随着全球人口老龄化程度的加深,我国迎来了“银发时代”,养老问题在面临严峻挑战的同时也衍生出了新的机遇。目前,辽宁省已经进入深度老龄化社会,随着人们养老需求的增加及电子信息技术的飞速发展,智慧医养成为老龄化时代的必然产物。通过对国家统计局、中国互联网络信息中心、智慧医养等相关平台发布的数据进行统计、对比分析,发现辽宁省实施智慧医养服务面临着在老年群体中推广度较低、覆盖面不全、基础有待提升、网络信息平台存在安全隐患等困境,最终从4个方面提出针对辽宁省实施智慧医养服务的有效实施路径,希望能够以此促进辽宁省智慧医养服务高质量发展,对辽宁经济的发展及健康中国战略的实施起到一定的推动作用。

基于农村空巢老人健康需求状况的医疗服务可及性研究

实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略,提高农村社区医疗服务可及性,为老年人提供高质量的老年健康服务,是我国坚持以人民为中心发展思想的重要体现。文章基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)数据,探究医疗服务可及性与农村空巢老人健康需求的关系;以农村空巢老人为研究对象,运用二元logistic回归分析,分析农村空巢老人健康需求的影响因素,以论证医疗服务的有效供给如何满足农村空巢老人健康需求。结果显示,医疗服务供给可及性对农村空巢老人的健康需求存在较为显著的影响,医疗服务可及性是影响农村空巢老人健康需求的重要因素。因此,完善农村社区基本医疗服务,增强农村医疗卫生资源的供给能力,是改善农村空巢老人健康行为方式的必要路径。政府可通过互联网远程医疗提高农村社区的医疗服务可及性,满足农村空巢老人多元化的健康需求,增进农村空巢老人的健康福祉。

“互联网+医养”综合管理系统设计与应用

目的:巩固宁夏回族自治区(以下简称宁夏)“互联网+医疗健康”示范区建设成果,提升医养结合服务能力。方法:结合宁夏本地医养服务现状,应用大数据和互联网技术,构建基于互联网医疗的医养综合服务信息化体系,搭建适用于不同层级医养结合机构的医养协同综合服务信息化平台。结果:面向医养结合机构、社会养老机构、社区居家养老人群提供多方位联合体机制,形成线上线下一体化的全流程医养服务及管理模式,可为老年人提供全方位多层次连续性的医疗、养老等服务。结论:“互联网+医养”综合管理系统实现了医养融合互联互通全流程管理,是“互联网+医养”融合服务模式的积极探索。

基于PEST模型的我国农村医养结合养老服务发展策略研究

我国老龄人口比例逐年攀升,尤其是农村地区,老龄化现象更为严重。文章对我国农村医养结合养老服务的发展状况进行梳理,运用PEST分析模型对其在政治、经济、社会和技术4个方面所面临的困境进行分析研究。在借鉴国外医养结合养老服务实践经验的基础上,针对性地提出加强政策支持、拓宽资金来源、增强宣传和社会参与,以及完善信息建设与人才培养等方面的发展策略,以期对我国农村医养结合养老服务的后续研究与实践提供参考。