Carrying Capacity and Coupling Coordination of Water and Land Resources Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Areas: A Case Study of Yulin City, China

Quantitatively assessing the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems in arid and semi-arid areas is crucial for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.In this work,taking Yulin City in China as a case study and employing the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,a modified model of coupling degree was developed to evaluate the car-rying capacity of water and land resources systems endowment and utilization,as well as their coupling coordination degree from 2013 to 2020.Our findings indicate that the water and land resources of Yulin are diminishing due to declines in agriculture,higher industrial water use,and wetland shrinkage.However,reallocating domestic water for ecological sustainability and reducing sloping farmland can mitigate this trend of decline.Temporally,as the coupling coordination between water and land resources system endowment in Yulin continuously improved,the coupling coordination between water and land resources system utilization first decreased and then in-creased with 2016 as the turning point.Spatially,the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems,the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system endowment,and the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system utilization in Yulin exhibited the same pattern of being higher in the six northern counties than in the six southern counties.Improving the water resources endowment is vital for the highly efficient use of water and land resources.

RESEARCH ON THE POPULATION CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAND RESOURCES IN THE ECONOMIC AREA OF ZHUJIANG DELTA

The authors once made a preliminary research on population carrying capacity of the land in the Economic Area of Zhujiang Delta (EAZD for short) in 1995, and reckoned that the ultimate population in this region will be 23 550 thousand by year of 2000. While the population in being in EAZD was 22.62 million in 1999.This accords with the prefigured result in the rough from the point of view of development. According to the data of plow land resources from the 2000 Statistical Yearbook of EAZD and the study on the population-foodstuff-plow land relationship, this paper calculates the productive potential of plow land and the population carrying capacity of land by year of 2010, and puts forward the countermeasures for improving the population carrying capacity of land in this region.

Application of System Dynamics in Analyzing the Cultivated Land-Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Bijie Prefecture,China

The cultivated land-water resources carrying capacity （CL-WRCC） with the method of system dynamics （SD） were analyzed. Bijie prefecture of Guizhou province served as a case in this study. Bijie prefecture is one of the least-developed areas in China. In Bijie, the physical and chemical characteristics of karst as well as the rapid economic development lead to the scarcities of cultivated land-water resources （CL-WR）. On the basis of analysis on the subsystems of Bijie CL.WRCC system, the fundamental feedback structure of CL-WRCC was presented by causal loop diagram. Considering the three alms （＂ poverty alleviation and development, ecological construction, and population control＂） of Bijie as the major goals, Bijie CL-WRCC SD model was developed. Three scenarios, resource-saving and environment-friendly development-oriented scenario （Scenario 1 ）, fast economic development-oriented scenario （ Scenario 2 ）, and coordinated development-oriented scenario （Scenario 3 ）, were investigated. Simulation results indicate that Scenario 3 which takes social economic development, environment protection, and cultivated land- water resources utilization into account, is the best alternative scenario. It can promote the coordination development of society, economy, cultivated land, water resources, and environment. In this study, the technological support and the decision-making for the rational use of CL-WR are provided not only in Bijie, but also in other similar regions of China.

The Population Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in Yulin City

Assessing the water resource carrying capacity is beneficial for measuring the scale of industry and population agglomeration,and also avoiding the contradiction between increasing people and decreasing available water resource,due to the expansion of industry and city size.Based on the prediction model of optimum population development size,by using hydrological data,also with the demographic data from 1956 to 2010,this article analyzes and predicts the urban moderate scale under the limit of the water resource in the future of Yulin City by GIS. The main conclusions are as follows. There is growing tendency of water resources overloading. According to the result of model simulation,by2015,the overload rate of population size will be 1. 04. By 2020,the overload rate of population size will grow up to 1. 08. The oversized population mainly comes from cities and towns. The overload rate for cities and towns in 2015 and 2020 is 1. 89 and 1. 73,respectively. With the expansion of cities and industries,suburban areas could have a great potential for carrying population,because lots of suburban people may move to cities and towns according to prediction. In view of the above-mentioned facts,the population size should be controlled in a reasonable range.

Assessment of Comprehensive Carrying Capacity of Land Resources Based on Land Functions

Based on relevant research results,from the perspective of land use functions,an evaluation indicator system of carrying capacity of land resources composed of three second-grade indicators( production,living and ecological carrying capacity) including 24 third-grade indicators was established,and the carrying capacity of land resources in ten cities of Shaanxi Province in 2013 was assessed and analyzed by using mean square error analysis method and hierarchical clustering method. The results showed that the three types of carrying capacity in most cities of Shaanxi Province are shown as follows: ecological carrying capacity > living carrying capacity > production carrying capacity,and the differences between various regions in a single type of carrying capacity basically accorded with the actual situation of development in each city; there were obvious differences between various cities in the comprehensive carrying capacity of land resources,which was basically consistent with regional economic and social development.

Land Potential Productivity and Population Carrying Capacity of Yan'an City

The productivity attenuation method is adopted to calculate land potential productivity of counties of Yan'an City and calculate population carrying capacity at current productivity level. Result shows that high photosynthetic potential productivity area and high light and temperature potential productivity area are mainly situated in the north,while high climatic potential area and high land potential productivity area are mainly concentrated in the south. From solar radiation,moisture and landform,the attenuation amplitude of land potential productivity in northern counties ( districts) is greater than that in southern counties ( districts) . In the whole city,the population carrying capacity of 9 counties reaches well-off living level,and 1 district still does not reach the level of adequate food and clothing. These results can provide reference for land resource use,agricultural production distribution and population growth control.

The Coordination Effect of Marine and Land Resources Carrying Capacity of Coastal Areas in China

The carrying capacity of marine and land resources is one of the indicators to measure the sustainable development level of coastal areas,reflecting the supporting capacity of the ecological environment for human activities and the impact of human activities on the regional environment.This paper establishes an evaluation index system to determine the evaluation value of the carrying capacity of marine and land resources in China’s coastal areas,the evaluation index of marine and land resources supply capacity(economic and social development demand)subsystem,and the degree of coordinated development of the subsystems in 11 coastal areas from 2006 to 2017.The results showed that the average supply and demand capacity of the two subsystems in each region is not high;the average demand level of economic and social development is higher than the supply capacity of marine and land resources;the carrying capacity of marine and land resources is slightly overloaded in most areas;the collaborative development between the supply and demand subsystems is barely coordinated with moderate imbalance;most regions need to move in the direction of green development to ensure the supply capacity of marine and land resources.

Evaluation on water resources carrying capacity of Changchun-Jilin Region

Based on such principles as sustainable development and ecological cycle, this paper evaluates the water resources carrying capacity(WCC) of Changchun-Jilin region using a population-economy-water resources correlation evaluation model built on the basis of WCC evaluation method as elaborated in the methodology of Functional Zoning of Population Development. Results show that the annual WCC of Changchun-Jilin region is able to support the population there, as a basic balance is struck between population and water resources. The incorporation of WCC into overall urban planning is one of the building blocks for sustainable city development with an advisable size.

Quantitative evaluation of Tibet’s resource and environmental carrying capacity

This study identifies the carrying state and value of Tibet’s resource and environmental carrying capacity.A new theoretical framework is proposed for exploring the resource and environmental carrying capacity based on two perspectives of“growth limit”and“stability of Human-Earth relationship system”.On this basis,an ideal growth model that accords with the“short board”effect is established to predict the population limitation.Analytical results show that the holistic state of resource and environmental carrying capacity in Tibet is in jeopardy.From 2010 to 2016,Tibet’s carrying state continued to decline,moreover,the negative forces still overwhelm the positive forces.Although the resource reserves still have room for more population,the environmental capacity and ecological capacity have been overloaded.Meanwhile,the Human-Earth relationship system is in an unstable stage.Three scenarios that respond to different socioeconomic developments are implemented to predict the population limitation of resource and environmental carrying capacity in Tibet;thus,authors argue that Tibet should keep its population size within 4 million around 2025.This research will provide reference for sustainable development and resources and environmental conservation in Tibet.

China's Land Carrying Capacity Based on Man-grain Relationships

With population growth and increasing pressure on land resources,land carrying capacity(LCC) and food safety have been attracting great attention worldwide.From the point of man-grain relationship and by establishing LCC and land carrying capacity index(LCCI) models,this article firstly analyzes the spatial-temporal dynamics of LCC of China from 1949 to 2005 at county,provincial and national levels.Choosing 2005 as a representative year,this article then evaluates the LCC of 264 pastoral regions(semipastoral regions),663 urban regions and 592 poverty stricken regions of the country.The results show that:(1) from 1949 to 2005,with the increase of grain production,the LCC of China has been improved conspicuously,but due to the rapid population growth,the production can only maintain a low level grain consumption;(2) over the past 25 years(1980-2005),the number of population overloading provinces decreased from 23 to 15 and the mangrain relationship has been improved gradually,but there were more overloading provinces than surplus provinces in China;(3) at county level,there were 1572 overloading counties in 1980 accounting for 68.26% of the total counties of the country and where were 649 million people lived,while in 1990,2000 and 2005,the number of overloading counties were 1066,1133 and 1087 respectively,which shows that the man-grain relationship has been improved obviously during the past 25 years;as for spatial distribution,the surplus counties were mainly concentrated in agriculture developed regions,such as Northeast Plain,North China Plain,middle and lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Plain,and overloading counties were mainly located in regions with poor natural environment and low grain production capacity,such as Northwest China,Tibetan Plateau and Loess Plateau and economically developed urban regions,such as Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai;(4) animal husbandry improved greatly the LCC of pastoral and semi-pastoral regions,while urban regions were overloading for increasing population pressure and more than half of poverty stricken regions were overloading due to critical natural environment and poor economic conditions.

The theory and method research on the double evaluation of land and space:A survey

By reviewing the theories and methods of resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation and suitability evaluation of land and space development,it provides theoretical and technical support for rational layout and optimization of land and space development pattern.From the aspects of resource carrying capacity,environmental carrying capacity,the importance of ecological protection,the suitability of agricultural production,and the suitability of urban construction,we sort out domestic and foreign documents.The evaluation of resource carrying capacity has changed from single-factor evaluation to multi-factor comprehensive evaluation.At present,the optimization of land use pattern based on the“three-generation”space is still under exploration,it is not enough to systematize and summarize the thought of optimizing the spatial pattern of the national territory.The theoretical framework,model,method and index of“dual evaluation”of territorial space need to be improved continuously,it also needs the scientific analysis and cognition from the natural direction to the human location direction and the spatial equilibrium state as the new driving force.

基于陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价方法探讨

海洋、海岸带蕴含的资源丰富,与人类生存发展息息相关。近年来,随着海洋经济的迅速增长,自然岸线和滨海湿地面积减少、生物多样性降低、典型生态系统受损、近岸海域灾害频发、渔业资源减少等问题日益显现。如何从战略高度提升海洋经济,开发和保护并举,确保海岸带、海洋资源取用合理是新时代的重要课题。陆地和海洋是生态系统不可分割的组成部分,开展陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价是衡量区域经济发展与生态环境是否协调可持续发展的有效途径。文章系统地梳理了承载力概念的发展历程,对比了常用的海洋资源环境承载力评价方法,初步构建了陆海统筹的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,并提出使用熵值法来确定指标权重,采用状态空间评价模型或TOPSIS模型进行承载力综合评价,可以体现陆地和海洋相互影响、相互制约的关系,并具有较强的可操作性,评价结果可以反映区域资源环境承载力的空间差异或随时间变化情况,能够为海洋和海岸带保护利用提供有效借鉴。

流域国土空间水资源承载力评价及保护方法研究

量化测度水资源承载力并制定相应的水资源保护措施,对于区域国土空间可持续发展极为重要。运用DPSIR框架,评价了梁子湖流域的水资源承载力,并对评价结果进行空间落位。基于评价结果,使用FLUS模型模拟未来发展趋势,划定了区域国土空间功能优势区,并综合评价模拟结果,确定了梁子湖流域的水环境保护格局。从量化测度和情景模拟两个方面构建了一套切实可行的流域国土空间水资源保护规划技术路径,可为区域水资源保护目标导向下国土空间规划与生态保护提供参考。

1998—2022年安徽土地资源承载力时空演变研究

基于1998—2022年的相关数据,通过耕地压力模型和土地资源承载力模型,分析安徽土地资源承载力的时空演变。结果表明:最小人均耕地面积整体呈下降趋势。耕地压力指数呈现波动下行的态势,从预警压力状态进入无压力状态。土地资源承载力指数总体下行,状态从人粮平衡区的平衡有余级升至粮食盈余区的富裕级。土地资源承载力指数则主要位于粮食盈余区和人粮平衡区,多市虽向好发展,但合肥、黄山等的状况持续恶化;各市土地资源承载力指数空间分布具有高值和低值集聚特征,土地资源承载力驱动因素按重要性由大及小依次为耕地面积、人均粮食占有量、城镇化率、地形位指数、农业水资源量。依据分析结果,应采取合理规划国土空间人口分布、转变耕地利用方式和构建与土地资源承载力相匹配的农业布局等措施,以促进土地资源承载力的可持续发展。

淮河流域土地资源承载力及其时空分异格局研究

淮河流域作为我国粮食生产大区之一,其土地资源利用效率和方式直接关系到区域农业与城镇经济的发展,因此对淮河流域土地资源承载力及其影响因素进行研究具有十分重要的理论价值与现实意义。本文从承载强度、承载效益和承载潜力三个维度构建了综合评价指标体系,基于熵权TOPSIS模型和空间自相关模型,测算2006—2021年淮河流域35个地级市土地资源承载力水平,实证分析其土地资源承载力的时空分异特征。结果表明,研究期间内,淮河流域各地级市的土地资源承载力水平表现为上升的趋势,呈现东部高、西部低的空间分布格局,且在整体呈现正向空间自相关,在局部上呈现“小集聚、大离散”的空间分异格局。

基于DPSIR-TOPSIS模型的新疆南疆耕地生态承载力分析

新疆南疆地区生态环境脆弱,探究其耕地生态承载力状况与障碍因子,可为区域高质量发展和生态文明建设提供决策依据。从耕地可持续化发展角度,利用DPSIR模型构建综合评价指标体系,采用改进的TOPSIS法、障碍度模型对2007—2020年新疆南疆耕地生态承载力进行了水平测度与障碍因子诊断研究。结果表明,新疆南疆耕地生态承载力整体水平不高,呈“N”型波动性变化趋势,各子系统变化情况不一。各地州耕地生态承载力差异明显,大多处于承载较差区和承载低级区;耕地绿化率、人均水资源量、土地垦殖率是影响新疆南疆耕地生态承载力水平提升的主要障碍因子。未来应加大生态环境治理力度、提高水资源利用率、合理化耕地开发布局,以提升新疆南疆耕地生态承载力。

The Population Carrying Capacity of Waters Ecosystem in China

The study of waters ecosystem and their population carrying capacity demonstrates the role of these ecosystems in economic and social development and provides a theoretical basis for the management and allocation of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the concept of waters ecosystem population carrying capacity was defined and developmental trends in the population carrying capacity of waters ecosystem in China were evaluated. Results show that waters ecosystem population carrying capacity in China increased from 0.176×109 person year-1 in 2000 to 0.255 × 109 person year-1 in 2010; the population carrying capacity of the standard sea remained at 0.2-0.3 person ha 1; and the standard inland waters population carrying capacity increased from 1.8 to 3.2 person ha-1. This analysis indicates notable regional difference in waters population carrying capacity. In southeastern coastal China and Yangtze River drainage areas where inland waters are widely distributed and aquaculture is developed, the population carrying capacity is higher; however, in northwest China where water resource are deficient and the distribution is relatively small, the waters population carrying capacity is low. The waters ecosystem population carrying capacity of China in 2030 was predicted and results indicate strong potential for increasing waters population carrying capacity.

基于DPSIR模型的中国粮食主产区土地资源承载力评价研究

科学评价粮食主产区土地资源承载力,为粮食主产区土地资源可持续利用、保障国家粮食安全提供科学依据。选取粮食主产区的黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、河南、山东、江苏、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南和四川13个省(区)为研究对象,基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应(driver-pressure-state-impact-response,DPSIR)模型构建土地资源承载力评价指标体系,并利用层次分析法和熵值法确定评价指标综合权重,分析2000‒2020年粮食主产区土地资源承载力各子系统发展状况,评价土地资源承载力水平和等级。结果表明:2000‒2020年粮食主产区土地资源承载力子系统中,除压力子系统水平呈先下降后上升态势外,驱动力、状态、影响和响应子系统水平均呈增长态势,年均增速依次为5.78%、2.71%、3.79%和5.25%。2000‒2020年粮食主产区土地资源承载力平均水平呈增长态势,以2.76%的年均速度由2000年的0.2247增长至2020年的0.3873,增长72.36%。江西、黑龙江、湖北、河南、河北、四川、湖南和山东土地资源承载力水平年均增速超过粮食主产区平均水平。2000‒2020年,黑龙江、辽宁、江西和湖北土地资源承载力水平持续提高,而安徽持续降低;吉林、内蒙古、山东和湖南则波动较大;河北、河南、江苏和四川基本长期不变。粮食主产区土地资源承载力分布存在较大差异。2020年,辽宁和河南土地资源处于弱承载力状态;山东和安徽土地资源处于低承载力状态;黑龙江、吉林和江西土地资源处于中承载力状态;内蒙古、河北、湖北和湖南土地资源处于高承载力状态;江苏和四川土地资源处于强承载力状态。社会经济发展和土地资源利用与保护政策是影响粮食主产区土地资源承载力的主要原因。

基于生态安全的毛乌素沙地水资源承载力评价

毛乌素沙地地区作为我国生态治理成功有效的典型区域,相较于其他主要沙漠、沙地而言,具有资源丰富、水热配合好等优点,同时也是受到人类活动及气候变化威胁较大的生态脆弱区,如何保障生态安全的同时协调社会经济高质量发展,成为了当地所需解决的首要难题。以内蒙古鄂尔多斯毛乌素沙地地区为研究对象,构建基于生态安全的综合水资源承载力评价体系,运用投影寻踪法计算综合水资源承载力评价值,引入障碍度模型遴选地区承载力优势指标与劣势指标,采用耦合协调度模型测算资源-生态-社会系统耦合发展现状。结果表明:2000年至今毛乌素沙地地区的水资源承载力总体时间上呈现曲折上升趋势,但仍有提升空间,在空间上形成了“南北高,中心低”的空间分布特点,期间地下水供水能力、灌溉水利用系数和三产用水定额等是水资源承载力系统的主要“优势指标”,而人口、灌溉面积以及城镇化率则是阻碍水资源承载力提升的关键“劣势指标”,地区内各旗县耦合协调度从“十五”规划至今一直在中等水平范围内浮动。

基于DPSIR模型的梁子湖流域水资源承载力评价与保护策略

水资源承载力评价是“双评价”的重要内容,是国土空间规划的前提和基础。如何全面量化测度水资源承载力并对接国土空间规划进行区域空间格局优化,是梁子湖流域社会经济可持续发展中亟待解决的问题。本文选取社会、经济、生态多维度评价指标,以Arc GIS为平台,通过构建DPSIR评价模型,对梁子湖流域2020年水资源承载力进行评价并将评价结果进行空间落位。研究结果表明,基于DPSIR模型构建的梁子湖水资源承载力评价体系中,驱动力子系统权重占比最大,人为调控对水资源承载力具有较大影响。流域2020年水资源承载力总体居于良好水平,各城市之间由于社会经济发展水平的不同以及地形地貌差异,其水资源承载力也存在显著区域差别,水资源承载力高的区域,应以保护为主,水资源承载力较高的区域,应保护与开发并举,水资源承载力较低的区域,要以污染防治,控制规模为主。通过探索梁子湖流域水资源承载力从评估框架到保护实施的技术方法,以期为流域国土空间规划与生态保护提供参考。