The Population Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in Yulin City

Assessing the water resource carrying capacity is beneficial for measuring the scale of industry and population agglomeration,and also avoiding the contradiction between increasing people and decreasing available water resource,due to the expansion of industry and city size.Based on the prediction model of optimum population development size,by using hydrological data,also with the demographic data from 1956 to 2010,this article analyzes and predicts the urban moderate scale under the limit of the water resource in the future of Yulin City by GIS. The main conclusions are as follows. There is growing tendency of water resources overloading. According to the result of model simulation,by2015,the overload rate of population size will be 1. 04. By 2020,the overload rate of population size will grow up to 1. 08. The oversized population mainly comes from cities and towns. The overload rate for cities and towns in 2015 and 2020 is 1. 89 and 1. 73,respectively. With the expansion of cities and industries,suburban areas could have a great potential for carrying population,because lots of suburban people may move to cities and towns according to prediction. In view of the above-mentioned facts,the population size should be controlled in a reasonable range.

RESEARCH ON THE POPULATION CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAND RESOURCES IN THE ECONOMIC AREA OF ZHUJIANG DELTA

The authors once made a preliminary research on population carrying capacity of the land in the Economic Area of Zhujiang Delta (EAZD for short) in 1995, and reckoned that the ultimate population in this region will be 23 550 thousand by year of 2000. While the population in being in EAZD was 22.62 million in 1999.This accords with the prefigured result in the rough from the point of view of development. According to the data of plow land resources from the 2000 Statistical Yearbook of EAZD and the study on the population-foodstuff-plow land relationship, this paper calculates the productive potential of plow land and the population carrying capacity of land by year of 2010, and puts forward the countermeasures for improving the population carrying capacity of land in this region.

Evaluation on water resources carrying capacity of Changchun-Jilin Region

Based on such principles as sustainable development and ecological cycle, this paper evaluates the water resources carrying capacity(WCC) of Changchun-Jilin region using a population-economy-water resources correlation evaluation model built on the basis of WCC evaluation method as elaborated in the methodology of Functional Zoning of Population Development. Results show that the annual WCC of Changchun-Jilin region is able to support the population there, as a basic balance is struck between population and water resources. The incorporation of WCC into overall urban planning is one of the building blocks for sustainable city development with an advisable size.

Quantitative evaluation of Tibet’s resource and environmental carrying capacity

This study identifies the carrying state and value of Tibet’s resource and environmental carrying capacity.A new theoretical framework is proposed for exploring the resource and environmental carrying capacity based on two perspectives of“growth limit”and“stability of Human-Earth relationship system”.On this basis,an ideal growth model that accords with the“short board”effect is established to predict the population limitation.Analytical results show that the holistic state of resource and environmental carrying capacity in Tibet is in jeopardy.From 2010 to 2016,Tibet’s carrying state continued to decline,moreover,the negative forces still overwhelm the positive forces.Although the resource reserves still have room for more population,the environmental capacity and ecological capacity have been overloaded.Meanwhile,the Human-Earth relationship system is in an unstable stage.Three scenarios that respond to different socioeconomic developments are implemented to predict the population limitation of resource and environmental carrying capacity in Tibet;thus,authors argue that Tibet should keep its population size within 4 million around 2025.This research will provide reference for sustainable development and resources and environmental conservation in Tibet.

The Population Carrying Capacity of Waters Ecosystem in China

The study of waters ecosystem and their population carrying capacity demonstrates the role of these ecosystems in economic and social development and provides a theoretical basis for the management and allocation of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the concept of waters ecosystem population carrying capacity was defined and developmental trends in the population carrying capacity of waters ecosystem in China were evaluated. Results show that waters ecosystem population carrying capacity in China increased from 0.176×109 person year-1 in 2000 to 0.255 × 109 person year-1 in 2010; the population carrying capacity of the standard sea remained at 0.2-0.3 person ha 1; and the standard inland waters population carrying capacity increased from 1.8 to 3.2 person ha-1. This analysis indicates notable regional difference in waters population carrying capacity. In southeastern coastal China and Yangtze River drainage areas where inland waters are widely distributed and aquaculture is developed, the population carrying capacity is higher; however, in northwest China where water resource are deficient and the distribution is relatively small, the waters population carrying capacity is low. The waters ecosystem population carrying capacity of China in 2030 was predicted and results indicate strong potential for increasing waters population carrying capacity.

Assessment of the Water Resources Carrying Capacity in the Great Dunhuang Region

Water resources carrying capacity(WRCC) is an important index for assessing the coordinated development relationship between population and water resources. The quantitative evaluation of WRCC can provide an important basis for water resource regulation and sustainable economic and social development. Based on the statistical data of cities and counties in the Great Dunhuang Region(GDR), and taking counties as the basic units,this study quantitatively analyzed the WRCC and carrying status of the GDR under different water inflow conditions and policy constraints from 2010 to 2017. The study revealed three main trends.(1) From 2010 to 2017, the WRCC of the GDR increased year by year, from 343700, 315900 and 291100 people to 458700, 415400 and 375600people in normal, dry and extremely dry years, respectively.(2) Under policy constraints, the WRCC of the GDR increased year by year from 309400 people in 2010 to 412400 people in 2017. Based on future estimates, the WRCC of the GDR are expected to be 326600 people in 2020 and 341200 people in 2030.(3) From 2010 to 2017,the water resources carrying index of the GDR was decreasing, and it decreased from 1.05, 1.14 and 1.24 to 0.80,0.88 and 0.97 in normal, dry and extremely dry years, respectively. The carrying status changed from critical overload to balanced. Although the WRCC and the carrying status of the GDR had significantly improved by 2017, the overall upper limit of the carrying capacity is not high. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in order to maintain the sustainable utilization of water resources in the GDR.

Evaluating Beijing’s human carrying capacity from the perspective of water resource constraints

As the demands on limited water resources intensify, concerns are being raised about the human carrying capacity of these resources. However, few researchers have studied the carrying capacity of regional water resources. Beijing, the second-largest city in China, faces a critical water shortage that will limit the city’s future development. We developed a method to quantify the carrying capacity of Beijing’s water resources by considering water-use structures based on the proportions of water used for agricultural, industrial, and domestic purposes. We defined a reference structure as 45：22：33 （% of total, respectively）, an optimized structure as 40：20：40, and an ideal structure as 50：15：35. We also considered four domestic water quotas： 55, 75, 95, and 115 m 3 /（person·yr）. The urban carrying capacity of 10–12 million was closest to Beijing’s actual 2003 population for all three water-use structures with urban domestic water use of 75 m 3 /（person·yr）. However, after accounting for our underlying assumptions, the adjusted carrying capacity is closer to 5–6 million. Thus, Beijing’s population in 2003 was almost twice the adjusted carrying capacity. Based on this result, we discussed the ecological and environmental problems created by Beijing’s excessive population and propose measures to mitigate these problems.

塔里木河流域相对资源承载力

基于改进的相对资源承载力模型,计算2000—2011年塔里木河流域的相对资源人口承载力和相对资源经济承载力,并探讨塔河流域42个县市相对资源承载力的演变规律及空间差异。研究表明:(1)改进的相对资源承载力模型具有一定的研究价值,对于拓宽相对资源承载力评价模型的应用具有实践意义。(2)以新疆为参照区,塔河流域2000—2011年处于人口严重超载、经济非常富余或富余阶段。(3)与全疆相比,土地资源是塔河流域的相对优势资源,水资源是制约塔河流域人口、经济发展的相对劣势资源。(4)以塔河流域为参照区,流域内42个县市的相对资源人口承载力和相对资源经济承载力的空间差异显著。(4)依据相对资源人口、经济承载力的超载、富余状态将塔河流域42县市归为A、B、C、D 4种资源承载力匹配区,并总结其时序演变特点和发展策略。

人口与经济协调发展的相对资源承载力实证分析--以湖北省为例

以全国水平为理想状态参照区域,选择湖北省为研究载体,介绍了以人口和经济为双重考量的相对资源承载力分析方法。对湖北省相对资源人口与经济承载力的动态分析表明,湖北省1978-2005年相对资源人口承载力呈小幅波动的平稳发展趋势,相对资源经济承载力呈稳步上升的趋势。其中相对自然资源人口承载力呈小幅波动的缓慢上升趋势,相对经济资源人口承载力呈小幅波动的缓慢下降趋势。总体上,湖北省处于人口超载、经济承载力富余的状态。

甘肃省土地资源承载力格局的时空演变分析

以人粮关系为基础,构建了土地资源承载指数(LCCI)模型,从时间和空间2个尺度定量评价了1985—2010年甘肃省土地资源承载力的时空格局,并以1985、1990、2000、2010年为代表年份,讨论了全省14地州(市)、86县(区)近26年来土地资源承载力的发展趋势。研究结果表明:①1985—2010年全省粮食产量稳中有升,土地资源承载力指数逐年降低,土地资源承载力略有增强,但全省人粮关系总体形势依然严峻。②河西走廊绿洲农业区是全省主要粮食盈余区,土地资源承载力稳居全省之首;陇东高原区以低水平的人粮平衡为主,土地资源承载力年际变化较大;人口压力较大的陇中高原以及粮食生产水平较低的陇南山地、甘南高原区主要表现为粮食短缺,人口超载,土地承载力状况不容乐观。③河西走廊和陇东高原区所辖县域中,粮食盈余县域在增加,人口超载县域在减少,局部区域人粮矛盾得到缓解;陇中高原和陇南山地所辖各县的土地资源承载力指数在逐年降低,土地资源承载力在逐步增强,但绝大部分县域仍然处于不同程度的人口超载状态。④1985—2010年全省土地资源承载力格局在时间和空间上都发生显著变化,但是基于自然、经济层面的区域人粮关系在相当长的时间内无法扭转和改变。随着城市化进程加快,粮食短缺地区的人粮矛盾会进一步加剧,粮食调配和贸易趋势也就会越发明显,此时粮食主产区的空间集聚效应对本区域和全省的人粮平衡作用也就日益突出。

西部矿产资源开发的地质生态环境承载力理论与方法探讨

矿产资源开发利用是国民经济的一项基础产业,具有基础性、原生性、公共性和不可替代性等特点。西部矿产资源在空间分布及开发活动中多与水电资源、农牧资源、旅游资源、林业资源等存在交叉与重叠,导致同一环境本底的不同资源开发的多重、链接作用,由此加重了环境负担,影响了资源的可持续利用,部分矿区已出现较严重的地质生态环境问题,频发的地质灾害已成为地质生态环境质量剧变的前兆。因此需要在西部生态脆弱的矿产资源开发区探索以人类活动规模、强度和效应等为一体的地质生态环境承载力。论文在地质生态环境承载力的研究框架、评价体系、模型与方法、关键应用等方面进行了广泛探讨。

浅析水资源与人口、经济和社会环境的关系

水资源是人类社会生存和发展的物质基础,水资源问题是涉及到包括人口、经济、社会与环境的一个复杂巨系统。在对水资源的概念及其自然、经济和社会等属性综述的基础上,详细论述了水资源与水文循环、水量平衡结构、人口、经济、社会与环境等的相互关系,并以黄河流域水资源问题为例,说明目前阶段的水资源问题与人口、经济发展、社会与环境的联系愈加紧密。在上述分析的基础上,作者认为水资源承载力是刻画水资源与区域人口、经济、社会与环境复杂关系的一个很好的分析途径,并进一步明晰了水资源承载力的概念和研究方向。

基于SD模型的肃州区水资源承载力

以甘肃省酒泉市肃州区为研究对象,以可承载人口数量及经济规模为主要体现,采用系统动力学方法建立水资源承载力模型.根据研究区现状,模拟出各种产业结构及用水水平下水资源可承载的人口数量及经济、生态规模.

贵州省矿产资源承载力分析

矿产资源是正向工业化迈进的贵州省经济社会发展不可缺少的重要物资基础,其消耗处于较大增长阶段,资源型产业在一个相当长的时期内将占据重要地位。在区域可持续发展理论指导下,通过建立定量评价模型,优选评价指标,进行了贵州省主要矿产资源的经济承载力评价。

土地资源人口承载力动力学模拟和应用

人口和土地资源的关系是一种复杂的非线性关系.本文通过建立土地资源人口承载力动力学模型,运用非线性科学理论,讨论了人口—土地资源系统的演化方向和平衡态稳定性问题.稳定的平衡态是系统发展可能达到的最终状态,在人口与土地资源自治系统中,土地资源的数量和质量、人口数量和生活消费水平之间相互联系、相互制约.研究表明:(1)稳定平衡态时人口数量与土地资源生产潜力总量成正比;(2)人口数量和土地资源生产潜力总量与人类消费水平成反比;(3)人口数量和土地资源生产力与耕地面积和土地单产潜力成正比.文章对我国的土地人口承载力进行了实证分析.结果显示,我国完全有能力养活自己.

中国矿业经济区矿产资源保障程度差异性研究

基于矿产赋存特点、矿业经济区发展阶段、主体功能区划分等标准,从《全国矿产资源规划(2008-2015年)》75个矿业经济区中选取30个重点典型矿业经济区为研究对象,结合矿业经济区发展阶段特点以及资源型城市分类标准将30个矿业经济区分为成熟型、衰退型、再生型、成长型四类,运用保证年限、经济承载力、矿山经济对经济发展、人口就业贡献四个关键指标,比较分析不同类型(成熟型、衰退型、再生型、成长型)、不同区域(东部、中部、西部)矿业经济区矿产资源保障程度差异特征。从类型层面看,平均保证年限较长的矿业经济区多为成熟型、再生型;平均经济承载力较高的矿业经济区多为成长型、再生型;矿山经济对经济发展、人口就业贡献较高的矿业经济区多为成长型、成熟型。从区域层面看,经济承载力高的矿业经济区多为经济发达的东部矿业经济区及矿产资源丰富的中部矿业经济区;保证年限偏长、GDP贡献度高、就业人口贡献度高的矿业经济区位于中部、西部地区。研究结果表明:1成长型、成熟型矿业经济区矿业发展相对比较稳定或向好发展,矿山经济对经济发展、人口就业贡献较高;再生型矿业经济区转型较好,矿产资源平均经济承载力、保证年限处于相对较好的状态;2我国中部、西部矿业经济区矿产资源开采潜力较大;3以能源为主导矿种的成熟型、成长型中部矿业经济区发展潜力大。各矿业经济区应结合发展类型及区域特点,明确发展方向及重点任务,并注重矿业经济区建设与生态环境的协调发展。

滇池流域土地资源适宜性评价

建设用地与农用地之间的矛盾是滇池流域土地利用的主要矛盾。针对这一矛盾,运用GIS和遥感(RS)技术、层次分析法(AHP)和专家咨询法,选取了土地利用类型、坡度、海拔、土壤类型等九个关键评价因子对滇池流域土地资源的适宜性进行综合评价。结果表明,滇池流域生态很适宜面积约294.0km2,仅占流域总面积的10.1%;生态较适宜面积约431.3km2,约占流域总面积的14.7%,生态较不适宜和不适宜面积约1654.4km2,约占流域总面积的56.7%,生态很不适宜面积约540.3km2,约占流域总面积的18.5%。在土地适宜性评价的基础上,对流域的人口承载力进行分析,提出了基于流域资源-生态-环境综合考虑下的最佳流域人口数量。

陕西省榆林市水资源人口承载规模研究

榆林市地处于我国生态脆弱带和水土流失严重地带,属重度缺水地区,其能源化工产业的迸发式增长造成用水需求和水污染的巨大压力。水资源已经成为决定其人口和产业发展规模的刚性约束条件。针对这类资源性缺水的能源型地区,开展水资源人口承载能力评价已成为促进可持续发展的必要研究工作。通过对1956—2010年的水文资料与1980年以来的人口数据进行统计分析,对未来人口和需水量进行预测,基于城市人口适度发展规模模型,结合GIS技术,利用超载度的指标衡量并预测了榆林市2020年人口规模及承载状态。结果表明:榆林市水资源的人口规模现处于轻度超载状态,超载人口8.14万人,超载度为1.02,超载度随时间逐渐加重,超载人口数量成倍数增长;到2015年,水资源能够承载的人口适度规模与预测结果相比,超载人口达15.99万人,超载度达到1.04;到2020年,超载人口约30.93万人,超载度增加为1.08;超载人口主要以城镇人口超载为主,2015年、2020年的超载度分别为1.89和1.73,农村人口处于可承载状态,并呈现递减趋势。由此可见,在现有的人口集聚模式下,城镇人口的增长势必加重人水矛盾,城镇化与水资源相互制约的作用会更加突显。

三峡库区生态承载力探讨

为更好地保障水生态安全,基于生态承载力内涵,尝试性提出了流域生态承载力分析思路。结合三峡库区特征,以资源承载力计算为主,以环境承载力对比分析为辅,探讨了库区生态承载力现状,并回顾分析了库区生态承载力变化趋势。研究结果表明：三峡库区目前所能承载的适宜人口规模为1 530.6-1 590.7万人。空间分布上,资源承载力在重点发展区最大,其次是优化发展区,限制发展区最小。1999-2011年三峡库区生态承载力稳中有升,但库区一直呈超载状态,土地资源承载力和经济资源承载力的反方向变化一定程度上反映出库区资源消耗型的粗放经营模式。因当前方法学的不完善,三峡库区生态承载力的合理范围需要进一步论证,但总体上认为三峡库区需要实施积极的人口减载措施、提高资源与环境承载效率,以确保库区水环境安全。

矿产资源开发的生态地质环境风险研究——以甘孜州东部为例

甘孜州东部是我国矿产资源富集区和生态地质环境脆弱区之一,生态地质环境承载力呈现出南优北差、西优东差的格局。据矿业历史及现状影响,建立承载力—矿业活动关系模式,将承载力分为正荷载、等荷载和超荷载三种状态。采用生态地质环境危险性与潜在损失承载体求积运算的方式获取风险值,并进行四级风险区划。风险空间分布大体呈现出东高西低、北高南低的形态,矿业活动区及其缓冲区、小流域、大流域都处于风险联动的系统内,风险区划与承载力区划成正相关关系。针对生态地质环境风险提出加强小矿有序开发、加强勘查和开发过程管理、提高矿产资源利用效率、构建监测系统和加强矿山环境问题治理等应对措施。