The aim of the present study was to investigate virtual population pharmacokinetic using physiologically based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model for evaluating bioequivalence of oral lacidipine formulations in dogs. The dis...The aim of the present study was to investigate virtual population pharmacokinetic using physiologically based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model for evaluating bioequivalence of oral lacidipine formulations in dogs. The dissolution behaviors of three lacidipine formulations including one commercial product and two self-made amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs)capsules were determined in 0.07% Tween 80 media. A randomized 3-period crossover design in 6 healthy beagle dogs after oral administration of the three formulations at a single dose of 4 mg was conducted. The PBPK modeling was utilized for the virtual bioequivalence study.In vitro dissolution experiment showed that the dissolution behaviors of lacidipine amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs) capsules, which was respectively prepared by HPMC-E5 or Soluplus, as polymer displayed similar curves compared with the reference formulation in 0.07% Tween 80 media. In vivo pharmacokinetics experiments showed that three formulations had comparable maximum plasma drug concentration(Cmax), and the time(Tmax) to reach Cmax of lacidipine tablet, which was prepared by Soluplus, as polymer was slower than other two formulations in consistency with the in vitro dissolution rate. The 90% confidence interval(CI) for the Cmax, AUC0–24 h and AUC0–∞ of the ratio of the test drug to the reference drug exceeded the acceptable bioequivalence(BE) limits(0.80–1.25). However, the 90% CI of the AUC0–24 h, AUC0–∞ and Cmax of the ratio of test to reference drug were within the BE limit,calculated using PBPK modeling when the virtual subjects reached 24 dogs. The results all demonstrated that virtual bioequivalence study can overcome the inequivalence caused by inter-subject variability of the 6 beagle dogs involved in in vivo experiments.展开更多
UCN-01 (7-Hydroxystaurosporine) is an investigational anticancer agent that is currently being evaluated as targeted therapy in phase II clinical studies. The aims of this work were to describe the population pharmaco...UCN-01 (7-Hydroxystaurosporine) is an investigational anticancer agent that is currently being evaluated as targeted therapy in phase II clinical studies. The aims of this work were to describe the population pharmacokinetics of UCN-01 in patients with advanced solid tumors, and to identify covariates in patients with advanced solid tumors that affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of UCN-01. The utility of performing this research is to provide optimization of treatment and individualized dose therapy for minimization of toxicity. So, in addition to elucidating the population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates from a Phase I trial where UCN-01 was given in combination with carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors, and a trial where the drug was given alone as a 72-hour infusion in the same type of population, a covariate analysis was performed in order to identify pharmacokinetic determinants of UCN-01. Using NONMEM to perform nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, a linear two-compartment model was found to provide the best fit for UCN-01 data. A meta-analysis was performed, which included pooled 3-hour and 72-hour infusion data, and provided population pharmacokinetic estimates for CL (0.0157 L/hr [6.1%RSE]), V1 (2.51 L [10.0% RSE]), Q (4.05 L/hr [14.3% RSE]), and V2 (8.39 L [6.6% RSE]). Inter-individual variability was found for each of the main pharmacokinetic parameters to be ETACL (44.9% [20.8% RSE]), ETAV1 (43.9% [39.8% RSE]), ETAQ (6.09% [62.5% RSE]), and ETAV2 (4.17% [30.0% RSE]). Body surface area was found to be a statistically-significant variable from one of the individual study analyses (3-hour infusion). Population PK modeling has contributed to a better understanding of the clinical pharmacology of UCN-01. Dose individualization may improve treatment with UCN-01. Further clinical development may be supported by optimization of combination chemotherapy.展开更多
目的通过非线性混合效应模型(NONMEM)法建立癫患儿丙戊酸群体药动学模型,为制定个体化给药方案提供依据。方法收集2004至2008年在复旦大学附属儿科医院住院并应用丙戊酸常规治疗的癫患儿的临床资料,包括血药浓度数据、生理指标及与...目的通过非线性混合效应模型(NONMEM)法建立癫患儿丙戊酸群体药动学模型,为制定个体化给药方案提供依据。方法收集2004至2008年在复旦大学附属儿科医院住院并应用丙戊酸常规治疗的癫患儿的临床资料,包括血药浓度数据、生理指标及与其他抗癫药联合用药情况。采用NONMEM法建立丙戊酸群体药动学模型,采用一级吸收和消除的一房室模型拟合丙戊酸的药动学过程,吸收速率常数固定为1.9.h-1,个体间变异用对数模型,采用个体间变异和残差变异有交互作用的一级速率条件算法计算。考察生理和联合用药对表观分布容积(V/F)和相对清除率(CL/F)的影响。模型验证采用200次bootstrap法。结果纳入癫患儿321例,收集血药浓度数据点390个,每例患儿采样1～5个。丙戊酸单药治疗115/321例(35.8%),与其他抗癫药合用206/321例(64.2%)。年龄中位数为1.8(0.1～13.6)岁,体重中位数为11.5(2.6～84)kg,丙戊酸剂量为30.8(4.8～88.9)mg.d-1.kg-1。患儿年龄,与氯硝西泮、卡马西平或苯巴比妥合用均是丙戊酸CL/F的影响因素。模型的参数为:CL/F=0.223.(Age/1.8)0.353.1.22CLO.1.36LEI,V/F=13.0.(Total body weight/11.5);与氯硝西泮合用,CLO=1,否则为0;与卡马西平或苯巴比妥合用,LEI=1,否则为0。与氯硝西泮合用可增加丙戊酸CL/F约22%,与卡马西平或苯巴比妥合用可增加丙戊酸CL/F约36%。最终模型较基本模型可降低CL/F的个体间变异(34.3%vs51.5%)。Bootstrap法的验证结果与模型计算值相符。结论建立的丙戊酸群体药动学模型有一定代表性,可为采用Bayesian法进行个体化给药奠定基础。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81173009)the Technology Bureau in Shenyang (No. ZCJJ2013402)the Project for New Century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education (No. NCET-12-1015)
文摘The aim of the present study was to investigate virtual population pharmacokinetic using physiologically based pharmacokinetic(PBPK) model for evaluating bioequivalence of oral lacidipine formulations in dogs. The dissolution behaviors of three lacidipine formulations including one commercial product and two self-made amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs)capsules were determined in 0.07% Tween 80 media. A randomized 3-period crossover design in 6 healthy beagle dogs after oral administration of the three formulations at a single dose of 4 mg was conducted. The PBPK modeling was utilized for the virtual bioequivalence study.In vitro dissolution experiment showed that the dissolution behaviors of lacidipine amorphous solid dispersions(ASDs) capsules, which was respectively prepared by HPMC-E5 or Soluplus, as polymer displayed similar curves compared with the reference formulation in 0.07% Tween 80 media. In vivo pharmacokinetics experiments showed that three formulations had comparable maximum plasma drug concentration(Cmax), and the time(Tmax) to reach Cmax of lacidipine tablet, which was prepared by Soluplus, as polymer was slower than other two formulations in consistency with the in vitro dissolution rate. The 90% confidence interval(CI) for the Cmax, AUC0–24 h and AUC0–∞ of the ratio of the test drug to the reference drug exceeded the acceptable bioequivalence(BE) limits(0.80–1.25). However, the 90% CI of the AUC0–24 h, AUC0–∞ and Cmax of the ratio of test to reference drug were within the BE limit,calculated using PBPK modeling when the virtual subjects reached 24 dogs. The results all demonstrated that virtual bioequivalence study can overcome the inequivalence caused by inter-subject variability of the 6 beagle dogs involved in in vivo experiments.
文摘UCN-01 (7-Hydroxystaurosporine) is an investigational anticancer agent that is currently being evaluated as targeted therapy in phase II clinical studies. The aims of this work were to describe the population pharmacokinetics of UCN-01 in patients with advanced solid tumors, and to identify covariates in patients with advanced solid tumors that affected the pharmacokinetic parameters of UCN-01. The utility of performing this research is to provide optimization of treatment and individualized dose therapy for minimization of toxicity. So, in addition to elucidating the population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates from a Phase I trial where UCN-01 was given in combination with carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors, and a trial where the drug was given alone as a 72-hour infusion in the same type of population, a covariate analysis was performed in order to identify pharmacokinetic determinants of UCN-01. Using NONMEM to perform nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, a linear two-compartment model was found to provide the best fit for UCN-01 data. A meta-analysis was performed, which included pooled 3-hour and 72-hour infusion data, and provided population pharmacokinetic estimates for CL (0.0157 L/hr [6.1%RSE]), V1 (2.51 L [10.0% RSE]), Q (4.05 L/hr [14.3% RSE]), and V2 (8.39 L [6.6% RSE]). Inter-individual variability was found for each of the main pharmacokinetic parameters to be ETACL (44.9% [20.8% RSE]), ETAV1 (43.9% [39.8% RSE]), ETAQ (6.09% [62.5% RSE]), and ETAV2 (4.17% [30.0% RSE]). Body surface area was found to be a statistically-significant variable from one of the individual study analyses (3-hour infusion). Population PK modeling has contributed to a better understanding of the clinical pharmacology of UCN-01. Dose individualization may improve treatment with UCN-01. Further clinical development may be supported by optimization of combination chemotherapy.
文摘目的通过非线性混合效应模型(NONMEM)法建立癫患儿丙戊酸群体药动学模型,为制定个体化给药方案提供依据。方法收集2004至2008年在复旦大学附属儿科医院住院并应用丙戊酸常规治疗的癫患儿的临床资料,包括血药浓度数据、生理指标及与其他抗癫药联合用药情况。采用NONMEM法建立丙戊酸群体药动学模型,采用一级吸收和消除的一房室模型拟合丙戊酸的药动学过程,吸收速率常数固定为1.9.h-1,个体间变异用对数模型,采用个体间变异和残差变异有交互作用的一级速率条件算法计算。考察生理和联合用药对表观分布容积(V/F)和相对清除率(CL/F)的影响。模型验证采用200次bootstrap法。结果纳入癫患儿321例,收集血药浓度数据点390个,每例患儿采样1～5个。丙戊酸单药治疗115/321例(35.8%),与其他抗癫药合用206/321例(64.2%)。年龄中位数为1.8(0.1～13.6)岁,体重中位数为11.5(2.6～84)kg,丙戊酸剂量为30.8(4.8～88.9)mg.d-1.kg-1。患儿年龄,与氯硝西泮、卡马西平或苯巴比妥合用均是丙戊酸CL/F的影响因素。模型的参数为:CL/F=0.223.(Age/1.8)0.353.1.22CLO.1.36LEI,V/F=13.0.(Total body weight/11.5);与氯硝西泮合用,CLO=1,否则为0;与卡马西平或苯巴比妥合用,LEI=1,否则为0。与氯硝西泮合用可增加丙戊酸CL/F约22%,与卡马西平或苯巴比妥合用可增加丙戊酸CL/F约36%。最终模型较基本模型可降低CL/F的个体间变异(34.3%vs51.5%)。Bootstrap法的验证结果与模型计算值相符。结论建立的丙戊酸群体药动学模型有一定代表性,可为采用Bayesian法进行个体化给药奠定基础。
