Population,Resources,the Environment and Sustainable Development

The formation of population,resources and environmental issues is directly related to the excessive growth of population,the excessive use and consumption of resources,and environmental pollution. Therefore,it is necessary to curb the excessive growth of population,rationally utilize natural resources,enhance the purification capacity of the environment,and promote the coordinated development of population,resources and the environment to make the economic development process sustainable.

Can environmental sustainability be decoupled from economic growth? Empirical evidence from Eastern Europe using the common correlated effect mean group test

The European Union(EU) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) aim to develop long-term policies for their respective member countries. Having observed increasing dangers to the environment posed by rising economic growth, they are seeking pathways to enable policy action on economic growth and environmental sustainability. Given the facts in theoretical and empirical studies, this study assessed the validity of the decoupling hypothesis by investigating asymmetricity in the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth in nine Eastern European countries from 1998 to 2017 using the cross-section augmented Dickey-Fuller(CADF) unit root, panel corrected standard error(PCSE), common correlated effect mean group(CCEMG), and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches. Both population growth and drinking water are used as controlled variables. The outcomes establish strong cointegration among all the variables of interest. According to the results of CCEMG test, economic growth exerts short-term environmental degradation but has long-term environmental benefits in Eastern Europe;and population growth and drinking water exert a positive effect on environmental sustainability in both the short-and long-run. The results of Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicate that environmental sustainability is unidirectionally affected by economic growth. Based on these outcomes, we suggest the following policies:(1) the EU and OECD should implement member-targeted policies on economic growth and fossil-fuel use towards regulating industrial pollution, water use, and population control;and(2) the EU and OECD member countries should invest in environmental technologies through green research and development(R&D) to transform their dirty industrial processes and ensure productive energy use.

Countermeasures for Implementing Sustainable Development Strategy in Shandong,China

This paper set forth the goals of implementing sustainable development strategy in Shandong Province guided by the view of scientific development of being people oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable. Based on the target of sustainable development strategy in Shandong province this paper discusses the main tasks in the sustainable development strategy Countermeasures for sustainable development strategy in Shandong province are put forward.

Resources, Environment and Economic Patterns and Sustainable Development Modes of the Silk Road Economic Belt

The paper analyzes the distribution pattern of resources, ecological environment, society and economy, and holds that it is conducive to Silk Road countries to carry out Omni-directional and multi-level economic cooperation. Then the article puts forth main modes and paths of sustainable economic development for the Silk Road Economic Belt （SREB）： ecological civilization mode, regional economic integration mode, transportation economic belt mode and international tourism economic zone mode. Finally, the article summarizes the key scientific issues for the sustainable development in the SREB and puts forward several action projects which include establishing International Scientists League and Think Tanks, establishing international information sharing platform and scientific policy-making system of ecological environment and sustainable development of the SREB, starting international science cooperation and technology traineeship program of the SREB, founding the international cooperation committee in the SREB and founding transnational construction and win-win cooperation mechanism of coping with climate change and ecological environment.

Analysis on the Spatio-Temporal Changes of Sustainable Land Use in Tibet

By constructing evaluation indicator system of sustainable land use of Tibet from three aspects of ecological environment, economic development, resources and social advancement, this article studies the following contents respectively in two dimensions of time and space： the changes of sustainable land use of Tibet in recent 20 years and spatial characteristics of sustainable land use of Tibet in 2002. The following conclusions can be drawn from evaluation results .① With regard to com- prehensive evaluation value of sustainable land use, the trend of Tibet sustainable land use evaluation values from 1983 to 2002 are very close to the comprehensive evaluation values of ecological environment, which is up trend; ② sustainable utilization degree of land use in eastern region of Tibet is much higher than that of western region. ③ the sustainable land use evaluation value of Nyingtri County is the highest, and the counties with relatively higher land sustainable use values include Lhasa, Lhoka, Chamdo. While Nakchu, Ngari, Shigatse counties have the relatively lower evaluation values; ④ By analyzing each evaluation indicator＇s weight on sustainable land use, it can be concluded that the key limiting factors of sustainable Tibet land resource utilization are land desertification, grassland degradation and low economic level.

On Development of Rural Tourism Economy in China

Constantly ascendant rural tourism provides great opportunity for exploration and development of small scenic spots and scenic sites.For this new opportunity,it is required to provide correct guidance and encouragement. Then,it will become a new growth point of rural local economy. In this study,it came up with several recommendations for expanding the development space of rural tourism.

塔里木河流域相对资源承载力

基于改进的相对资源承载力模型,计算2000—2011年塔里木河流域的相对资源人口承载力和相对资源经济承载力,并探讨塔河流域42个县市相对资源承载力的演变规律及空间差异。研究表明:(1)改进的相对资源承载力模型具有一定的研究价值,对于拓宽相对资源承载力评价模型的应用具有实践意义。(2)以新疆为参照区,塔河流域2000—2011年处于人口严重超载、经济非常富余或富余阶段。(3)与全疆相比,土地资源是塔河流域的相对优势资源,水资源是制约塔河流域人口、经济发展的相对劣势资源。(4)以塔河流域为参照区,流域内42个县市的相对资源人口承载力和相对资源经济承载力的空间差异显著。(4)依据相对资源人口、经济承载力的超载、富余状态将塔河流域42县市归为A、B、C、D 4种资源承载力匹配区,并总结其时序演变特点和发展策略。

河南省PRED系统分析评价与可持续发展研究

据全国第五次人口普查,河南省已成为我国第一人口大省。利用第五次人口普查资料,本文对河南省的人口、资源(重点是矿产资源、土地资源、水资源)、环境现状与问题进行了深入分析。在此基础上,对河南省PRED系统进行了定量评价。本文指出河南省的人口、资源、环境的可持续发展问题的根源在人口,可持续发展问题的解决在于人力、人才资源的合理开发与利用。据此,本文提出了人口控制与人力资源开发、资源的开源与节流、环境的保护与建设以及城镇化等对策。

江苏省人口、耕地与经济发展关系的研究

本文通过建立动态多元回归模型 ,对经济发达地区———江苏省经济发展、人口增长、投资增加与耕地资源之间动态变化弹性关系进行了研究分析 ,提出了促进江苏省耕地资源可持续利用的政策建议。

关中—天水经济区城市群人口经济与资源环境发展耦合协调性分析

以关中-天水经济区城市群为研究对象,分别构建资源环境和人口经济系统的综合评价指标体系,采用主成分分析法,对该经济区主要城市2002年和2011年资源环境和人口经济的发展指数及其耦合协调度进行测评,并探究其时空差异性。结果表明:2002-2011年其城市资源环境发展水平上升的有渭南、商洛和天水,下降的有西安、铜川、宝鸡、咸阳和杨凌;人口经济发展上升的有西安、铜川、宝鸡、咸阳、渭南和商洛,下降的有天水和杨凌;各主要城市的资源环境与人口经济发展水平及其耦合协调性的空间差异明显,多数城市资源环境与人口经济的耦合协调性不尽合理,且出现衰退趋势。最后就该城市群实现资源环境与人口经济协调发展提出建议和对策。

资源约束条件下长期经济增长的动力机制——基于内生增长理论模型的研究

文章通过将存量有限且不可再生的自然资源引入生产函数,构建了一个产品种类扩张型的四部门内生增长模型。首先,通过对模型的市场均衡分析,给出了平衡增长路径的经济增长率以及均衡解存在的一个充分性条件,系统地探讨了在人口增长、自然资源不断耗竭的约束条件下内生技术进步促进长期经济增长的动力机制;其次,通过对平衡增长路径进行比较静态分析,讨论了各经济变量以及经济环境参数的变化对稳态增长率的影响效应及其作用机制,并给出其经济学解释;最后是综合结论及政策涵义。

中国可持续发展指标体系建立的原则及结构

本文从中国的现实情况出发，借鉴了国外研究可持续发展指标体系的经验，提出了中国可持续发展指标体系的建立原则和结构。

山西省人口、资源环境与经济协调发展分析

长期以来,高能耗、高污染的粗放型经济发展道路,使得山西原本脆弱的环境进一步恶化;同时人力资本后备不足严重影响了山西省的转型发展。正确认识人口、资源环境与经济间的协调机制,可为山西省的战略发展提供重要的依据。文章结合山西省实际情况,构建了人口、资源环境、经济协调发展评价的指标体系,运用主成分分析法和隶属度函数模型,对山西省2004—2014年人口、资源环境、经济协调发展水平进行了评价。结果表明山西省人口、资源环境与经济协调发展仍存在整体发展水平较低、协调稳定性较差、资源环境发展相对滞后、人力资本不足、区域发展不平衡等问题,同时基于评价结果提出了相应的对策建议。

资源环境承载力研究的缘起与发展

随着我国学习实践科学发展观的不断深入,理论和实践界越来越重视在资源环境承载力的允许范围内推进经济的可持续发展。回顾资源环境承载力相关研究的缘起与理论演变,从理论层面上对资源环境承载力相关问题进行系统梳理,理清脉络,这是正确制定和实施可持续发展战略的理论前提。

干旱区绿洲稳定性评价指标体系构建及其应用分析

干旱区各类生态环境问题中,绿洲稳定性是最为核心和关键的,因为绿洲是干旱区所特有的一类景观,是干早区人类生存和生产的核心场所,其稳定与否,直接关系到绿洲能否实现人口、资源与环境的可持续发展。绿洲的稳定性就是确保绿洲生态系统的能流、物流、人流、信息流处在良性循环状态。选择农牧业经济为主的极端干旱区—塔里木盆地南部典型绿洲,按绿洲系统的结构分为资源环境和社会经济两个子系统,各个子系统又可分为不同层次的指标层,构建优化的指标体系共18个指标,利用绿洲稳定性指数对研究区3个时期绿洲稳定性进行了综合评价和分析,该项研究对于干旱区绿洲实现人口、资源与环境可持续发展具有重大意义。

透视中国城市的绿色发展——基于新资源经济城市指数的评价

城市既是经济活动的主要载体,也是资源消耗和环境负荷的主要聚集地。为了科学合理评价城市绿色发展程度,推动城市发展走出城市经济、资源和环境发展的三角困境,我们提出了新资源经济的概念框架,并基于此框架,在纳入反映城市环境质量和低碳发展相关指标的同时,构建全面反映城市绿色发展的新资源经济指数评价指标体系,对我国100个城市的新资源经济发展情况进行评价,分析了不同规模和经济发展水平城市绿色发展规律以及城市群的集聚经济效应和资源环境效应,并利用主成分分析和聚类分析法,对城市绿色发展规律进行探究。结果表明:(1)不同城市间新资源经济指数差距较大,沿海地区新资源城市指数得分普遍高于中西部地区。(2)新资源经济城市指数及经济绩效得分与城市规模、城市发展水平呈积极的正向关系,而资源环境可持续性得分并不与城市规模和城市经济发展水平完全对应。(3)按城市经济发展和环境质量情况,将其分为四类,并指出了各类型城市绿色发展中存在的问题和未来改进方向。(4)城市群能够带来正向的集聚经济效应和负向的资源环境效应。

可持续发展视角下的资源环境承载力——内涵、特点与功能

我国明确提出可持续发展战略,并开始逐步实施。同时,我国已经提出了科学发展观与和谐社会的理念,这些政策与方针的提出就是力图实现在资源环境承载力约束条件下的最优发展。因此,首先应在理论上正确认识经济可持续增长的资源环境承载力问题,从内涵、特征与功能等方面对资源环境承载力进行系统梳理。这是实现资源环境承载力承载范围内最佳经济增长的前提条件,是正确制定和实施可持续发展战略的理论基础。

区域环境问题和区际环境协作

本文阐述了区域环境问题的形成机制和区域间环境影响机制 ,提出进行区际环境协作加强区际环境调控以解决区域环境问题的新思路。

中国草地资源可持续开发的制度创新切入点——构建绿色经济制度

面对西部大开发态势 ,草业现已成为学术界关注的焦点 ,但如何从学术讨论转向付诸于实践 ,尤其在经济领域如何具体运行这一产业还缺乏一完善的制度体系。为此 ,该文从西方经济学和新制度经济学角度 ,通过探讨草地资源可持续开发的经济本质———实现草地资源的有效配置、从理论上透析草地生态环境问题产生的制度根源———市场和政府配置草地资源失灵 ,寻求中国草地资源可持续开发即草业发展的制度创新切入点———构建绿色经济制度。以期为实现草地资源可持续开发奠定经济学理论基础 。

金融集聚促进了技术创新吗?

在促进经济总量提升的表象下,金融集聚对经济持续高质量增长的源泉——技术创新是否依然有促进作用?结合新经济地理学与金融地域运动理论,系统梳理金融集聚的作用机理,并选用我国1998—2015年的省级面板数据,以金融集聚对经济增长的影响为参照,实证检验及分析金融集聚对技术创新的影响,结果表明:金融集聚虽然对经济总量的快速增长有促进作用,但会抑制经济可持续发展所必需的技术创新;金融集聚存在空间分布不均衡的特征,东部地区集聚程度远高于中西部地区;金融行业集聚的作用效果不一,银行业和保险业集聚对技术创新有显著的促进作用,证券业集聚则会逆向挤出技术创新;在克服自选择问题后,金融集聚对技术创新的真实效果表现为抑制作用下降。