Coordinated Development of Population, Economy and Environment System and Diagnosis of Its Obstacle Factors in Nanjing

Promoting the coordinated development of regional population,economy and environment is beneficial to the realization of sustainable development.Based on the construction of evaluation index system of coordinated development of systems,the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and coupling coordination model,the coordinated development degree of population,economy and environment system in Nanjing was measured,and the temporal variation characteristics of each subsystem and their coordinated development degree form 1997 to 2016 were analyzed.The results showed that the development of population,economy system and environment system in Nanjing was generally in a continuous upward trend.Among them,the economy system developed fastest.The coordinated development degree of population,economy system and environment system in Nanjing was constantly increasing but still at a low level;the degree was only in the primary coordination phase,and its type was environment lagging.The economy subsystem and environment subsystem were important factors restricting the development of population,economy and environment in Nanjing,and the main obstacle factor was the production of industrial solid waste.The results above can provide a scientific basis for promoting the coordinated development of population,economy and environment system in Nanjing and achieving regional sustainable development.

Research on the Misunderstanding and Trend of Chinese Population Economy Development under the Economic Transformation Background

In this paper, we conduct research on misunderstanding and trend of Chinese population economy development under the economic transformation background. New normal has become a new annotation, at present, China＇ s economic development can be expected that with the continuous impact of the global financial crisis, the economic development momentum is not really appeared, downward pressure on economic development in a short period of time it difficult to get the effective relief. Know the new normal, therefore, to adapt to the new normal, leading the new normal will be the future a period of an important link to promote the development of our country＇ s economy. Our research combines the general analysis of the economic transformation to form the better pattern for Chinese population economy development which is innovative.

The Imbalanced Pattern of Population and Economy and Its Influencing Factors in the Wumeng Mountain Area

Based on the population and economic data of the Wumeng Mountain Area from 2000 to 2020,this study explored the imbalanced spatiotemporal patterns of population and economy in the area using methods such as the geographic concentration,gravity model,imbalance index,and inconsistency index.The study also analyzed the influencing factors using geodetectors and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression models.The results show four key aspects of this phenomenon.(1)The spatial distributions of the population and economic geographic concentrations deviate from their ideal distributions.The population distribution shows a spatial pattern of being higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest,while the economic distribution shows a spatial pattern of being higher in the south and lower in the north.(2)The population and economic gravity centers have shifted toward the northeast and south relative to the geometric center of the mountain area,respectively,and the economic center has shifted more than the population center.(3)The degree of imbalance between the population and economic distributions is decreasing,but regional development disparities still exist.The region with inconsistent spatial distributions between population and economy remains stable,showing a"north high,south low"pattern,with an increase in the number of counties dominated by the economy and reductions in the numbers of counties in other categories.(4)Economic power,social consumption level,industrial structure,urban development level,government regulation capacity,and health care infrastructure are the main factors affecting the inconsistent distributions of population and economy in Wumeng Mountain Area,and the effects of these factors are reflected in the promotion of economic development.

Status of Impoverished Population and Contradiction of Economic Development in Qinling-Bashan Mountainous Area——A Case Study of Hanzhong City,Shaanxi Province

The status of impoverished population and economic development in Qinling-Bashan Mountainous area,Shaanxi is introduced based on the brief account of its general situation.Firstly,there are a large proportion of rural people and great outflow of population;a considerable proportion of the weak,the disabled,the sick and the dementia and low population quality;weak capacity of the economy to generate profit on its own and declining trend of financial self-sufficiency rate.taking into account that Qinling-Bashan Mountainous area is the poorest area with the largest impoverished population and the most complex structure of poverty,the impact of the status of the poor population in Qinling-Bashan Mountainous area on its economy is discussed:the first one is backward ecological concept and serious damage to ecological environment;outflow of excellent talents and a serious shortage of labor;the industrial structure is irrational and the resources advantage can not be transformed into economic advantage.Some corresponding measures and suggestions are proposed:the first one to build new small town so as to lessen the loss of population;the second one is to provide preferential policies so as to attract and retain qualified person;the third one to develop education and establish the concept of ecological civilization;the fourth one is to unblock the channels of information transmission and restructure the industry.

On Population Mobility in Market Economy

Regular and extensive social population mobility in natural economy is neither necessary nor possible while in a planned economic system, social population distribution is necessary but social population mobility is unlikely. Modern market economy as a highly mobile economy has a free-mobile population characteristic of market economy, which is fundamental to optimize human resource distribution. The rule for the modern market-based population movement is as follows: If the mobile population is the rational behavior choosers, under the permissive developmental environment as arranged by the social system, they tend to move from low profit-making fields to high income fields when there exists comparable difference of income in different regions and different industries, and various potential and practical profit-making chances. The degree of difference in comparable income is positively co-relative to the velocity and flux of mobile population.

Hungry and Angry Society: Implications for Sustainable Development in Nigeria

Hunger is a physiological need,but the production and consumption of adequate and balanced food is a function of social forces.At every point,social,political,and economic processes intervene,for better or(more common)for worse.Food is one fundamental need of human beings for survival.But in Nigeria there is widespread food shortage and hunger.Development scholars have put forward reasons why poverty,hunger persists in the country,from the platitudes about population growth,inadequate implementation of agricultural policies,and neglect of agriculture,bad leadership,corruption,and the issue of distribution.Nigeria is richly blessed with arable land and citizens eager to unlock its food potentials.Unfortunately,this is far from being realized as the country depends on foreign countries for food,a situation that is tragic and sad.She spends about$10 billion a year importing food and agricultural products,the majority of which are wheat,rice,poultry,fish,and consumer-oriented foods.The pressure on the exchange rate results in devaluation-triggered inflation and food costs that fly up beyond the grasp of people at the bottom of the ladder as it is now is one of the negative repercussions of high food importation bills.Examining the effects of hunger is one of this paper’s key concerns and goals,and anger crisis for achieving sustainable development in the country using the Frustration-Aggression Theory,The Relative Deprivation and Political Economy Approach as guide.

Topographical relief characteristics and its impact on population and economy:A case study of the mountainous area in western Henan,China

Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. The limitation is especially apparent in the mountain-plain transition zone. Taking the transition zone between the Qinling Mountains and the North China Plain(i.e. the mountainous area in western Henan Province) as an example and based on the 200-m resolution DEM data, we used the mean change-point analysis to determine the optimal statistical unit for topographical relief, and thereafter extracted the relief degree. Taking the 1:100,000 land use data, township population and county-level industrial data, population and economic spatial models were constructed, and 200-m resolution grid population and economic density maps were generated. Afterwards, statistical analysis was carried out to quantitatively reveal the impact of topographical relief on population and economy. In addition, the impacts of other topographical factors were discussed. The results showed the following.(1) The relief degree in western Henan is generally low, where 58.6% of the regional topography does not exceed half the height of a reference mountain(relative elevation ≤250 m). Spatially, the relief degree is high in the west while low in the east, and high in the middle while low in the north and south. There is a positive correlation between relief degree and elevation, and a much stronger correlation between relief degree and slope.(2) The linear fitting degree between the population and economic validation data and the corresponding simulation data are 0.943 and 0.909, respectively, indicating that the spatialized results can reflect the actual population and economic distribution.(3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density(0.911) and economic density(0.874). Specifically, 88.65% of the population lives in areas where the topographical relief is ≤0.5 and 88.03% of the gross regional product was from areas where the relief is ≤0.3. Compared with the population distribution, the economic development showed an obvious agglomeration trend towards low relief areas.

Developing remanufacturing engineering,constructing cycle economy and building saving-oriented society

In the course of creating immense wealth, manufacturing industry has excessively consumed the resources and energy in the earth, and seriously polluted the environment. To take progress as the sustainable development way, save resource and improve environment, our nation has been advocating to construct the cycle economy and saving-oriented society. Taking the remanufacturing engineering as the representative, the “4R” rule (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Remanufacture) is the important measure to get the goal. Remanufacturing engineering is the industrialization of high-tech maintenance of the waste and worn productions, and is one of the most active factors in “4R”. The development of high and new technology takes the important effect to promote the remanufacturing engineering.

Thoughts on Living Difficulties of Farmers and Marketing Economy in the Risk Society

The paper combs the problems about living difficulties of farmers and marketing economy in the risk society and puts forward another point of view that with the theory of risk society,reconsider the dilemma of living choices of farmers under the background of marketing economy.On the basis of the statistics,the paper discloses the trend of larger and larger disparities of incomes between urban and rural areas;the paper explains the risks and uncertainties of life choices with the background of deepening marketing economy.In order to understand the life dilemma of farmers and marketing economy in the risk society,the paper makes an analysis from perspectives of the relationships between risk society and markets,the risks of farmers' living choices.The results show that in the risk society,because of the division space from time,the personal farmers are devoid of the safe environment.Then the situation deepens to worse.In addition to the organization which is not in charge results in a situation that the personal farmers would take all risks by themselves.

The 5.5 cal ka BP climate event, population growth, circumscription and the emergence of the earliest complex societies in China

The emergence of complex society is a milestone in the history of human society evolution. China is one of the few regions in the world where the earliest complex society appeared; however, its driving mechanisms remain unresolved. On the base of available evidence from both archaeology and Holocene climate, in combination with agency theory, this study attempts to address the driving mechanisms for the simultaneous emergence of complex societies in multiple areas of China around 5.5 cal ka BP. It is hypothesized that three factors, including climate change, population growth, and circumscription, jointly act and cause regional population-resource imbalance and trigger inter-group conflicts and wars. Such competitions provide the opportunity for some power-pursuing agents to break the restriction of social leveling mechanism and to become the centralized decision-making leaders, which further lead to the emergence of incipient large-scale complex societies. Increase in extreme climate events during 6.0–5.0 cal ka BP cooling period causes frequent occurrence of resource stress and increase in the frequency of inter-group competitions, which creates conditions for the legitimation, institutionalization, and persistence of centralized leadership, and finally leads to the formation of persistent institutionalized inequity. Our research result can explain not only the process and mechanism of complex society formation, but also two phenomena which cannot be reasonably explained by previous theories, that are, why the earliest complex societies in China emerge around 5.5 cal ka BP, and why they appear simultaneously in multiple regions.

Competitive Equilibria and Benefit Distributions of Population Production Economies with External Increasing Returns

Inspired by the work of population games,we establish the model of population production economies with external increasing returns and introduce the notion of competitive equilibria.We first prove the existence of competitive equilibria under some regular assumptions.Furthermore,we assume that there exists the cooperative behavior of different populations.By proving the existence of transferable utility(TU)core,we analyze the benefit distributions of population production economies with external increasing returns.

The Coupling Coordination Evolution Research of Economy - Ecology - Society System in Xinjiang：Based on the Interaction Perspective of Water Resources

Under the water resources perspective,coupling coordination of economy-ecology-society system in Xinjiang was taken as the research object. By building the coupling evaluation index system of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system,quantitative evaluation and analysis of the coupling coordination of the water resources-economy-ecology-society system from 2001 to 2014 were conducted. The results showed that benefit indexes of economic system and social system grew rapidly,while benefit indexes of water resources system and ecosystem fluctuated smoothly from 2001 to 2014; coupling state of the whole system was at rival stage,and coupling coordination was reluctant coordination type,and the coupling index was slightly higher than the coupling coordination index. Moreover,it showed that the more the coupling systems,the lower indices of coupling and the coupling coordination.

Discussion on the Mode of China's Low-carbon Society and Construction Routes

In responding to global climate change,the idea of low-carbon economy emerges as the times require.Developing low-carbon economy is based on the construction of low-carbon society.The so called "two-orientation society"(resources conservation orientated society and environmental friendly orientated society) is the concrete representation of low-carbon society with Chinese characteristics,and an actual action for China in developing low-carbon economy.Based on urban agglomeration,the paper discusses the meaning of and the route to low-carbon society which would better reflect the intrinsic requirements of such a society.

Expanding the Definition and Measurement of Knowledge Economy： Integrating Triple Bottom Line Factors into Knowledge Economy Index Models and Methodologies

The application of knowledge is a primary source of growth in the knowledge economy. The World Bank Group has developed a rigorous assessment methodology for assessing a country＇s ability to access and use knowledge to become more competitive in the knowledge economy of the 21st century. The World Bank＇s annual knowledge economy index is grounded on a four-pillar model： （1） economic incentives and institutional regime; （2） education and skills; （3） information and communication infrastructure; and （4） innovation systems. An argument can be made that the model lacks coverage of some key factors that pertain to intellectual capital and the production and consumption of knowledge. The model＇s heavy focus on economic incentives and open institutional regimes comes at a societal cost. This paper proposes an alternative knowledge economy index which is grounded in a more holistic and balanced view of a knowledge society. Adopting the perspective of triple bottom line shifts the purpose and design of a knowledge economy from one of aggregation and reporting to action and involvement. The World Bank＇s scorecard and indexing methodology are adaptable to this new perspective and a new set of indicators.

Digital Communication： The Conflicts in the Transmission and Distribution of Information in the Era of Knowledge Economy

This article analyzes the concentration of production and distribution of information, from the analysis of the news in major international news agencies.The biopolitics is more and more interconnected to social, cultural, economical, and political matters, which led us to see in the contemporary scenario the creation of new forms of social organization which will determine how we interact with each other and how we face the world. Additionally, questions emerge about the usage of the means of communication, particularly those related to Technology of Communication and Information （TICs）. The influence of the media over the social-cultural activities tends to create homogenizations of senses, aiming a planetary visibility in a process that can not only disfigure but destroy many symbolic representations and cultural forms. On the other hand, globalization tends to, instead of minimize the differences in the world, ended up creating new conflicts that, through the usage of new technologies of communication, expresses and articulate themselves.

Development of resource-conserving society:from the perspective of circular economy

The purpose of building a resource-conserving society is to pursuit less resource consumption and less environmental pollution,and to accept greater economic and social benefits,and the ultimate goal is to ensure sustainable use of resources and economic and social sustainable development.Developing circular economy is the inevitable choice and the basic way to build a resource-conserving society.Recycling economy is a resource-conserving production,initiate resource-conserving consumption,and it is the key to build resource-conserving society.This study tries to clarify the relationship between them and bring forward a scientific index system which can measure the development level of a resource-conserving society.It provides a new set of ideas for the evaluation of resourceconserving society,and it is important for the resource-conserving society assessment and construction,while further empirical research is made on China's eastern coastal Shandong Province.

以人口高质量发展积极应对人口老龄化:内在逻辑与治理进路

人口老龄化是人口高质量发展的重要背景,人口高质量发展则为积极应对人口老龄化提供人口要素的支撑。结合人口高质量发展与积极应对人口老龄化国家战略的行动目标,在厘清二者辩证关系的基础上,需从激活老年群体价值潜力,完善终身教育体系,统筹“一老一小”服务,面向老龄社会需求优化人力资源分布等方面着手,找准共同进路,把握机遇挑战,在中国式现代化进程中不断夯实高质量的人口要素基础,积极应对人口老龄化。

再就业对低龄老年人生活满意度的影响——基于银发消费的中介效应检验

随着人口老龄化程度不断加深,深度开发老年人力资源是贯彻落实积极应对人口老龄化国家战略以及推动社会适老化转型的重要举措,探究老年人力资源开发对低龄老年人生活满意度的影响具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。利用2011年、2013年、2015年、2018年四期中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS),从低龄老年人的劳动收入水平出发,探讨再就业对低龄老年人生活满意度的影响。主要结果发现:再就业可以显著改善低龄老年人的生活满意度,其中对男性低龄老年人生活满意度的改善作用更显著;对农村低龄老年人的生活满意度影响更直接;对不同隔代照料情况下的低龄老年人生活满意度的影响不一。此外,家庭支持、社会支持以及融入社会有益于提高低龄老年人生活满意度。影响机制检验表明,再就业能够通过增加低龄老年人的银发消费能力提高其生活质量和其生活满意度。总体来看,再就业是影响低龄老年人生活满意度的重要因素,人口政策的制定要聚焦核心群体,继续推进经济社会适老化转型,从“增收入”“缩差距”“减负担”“强赋能”四个方面,提升低龄老年人再就业意愿、缩小城乡老年人资源禀赋差距、减轻老年人隔代照料负担、激发银发消费潜力,最终提升老年人生活满意度。

参与数字经济对老年人数字信任的影响机制——中国式现代化背景下的实证研究

中国社会的巨变改变了老年人信任形成的时空环境,因此,重塑信任不能忽视全新时空秩序下新型经济形态带来的影响。基于2021—2022年开展的实地调查数据,在中国式现代化背景下,运用倾向值匹配方法评估了数字经济参与对老年人数字信任的因果效应,进而揭示了老年人数字信任建构的作用路径与内在机制。研究发现:(1)相较于非因果模型的乐观估计,参与数字经济对老年人数字信任产生的实质积极效用呈现出一定程度的“缩水”;(2)中介模型显示出老年人数字信任建构双通道的“此消彼长”,即“人与物”通道在数字经济参与和数字信任关系间发挥消极中介效应,而“人与人”通道在数字经济参与和数字信任关系间发挥积极效应;(3)进一步比较两个中介效应强弱,可以发现,“人与人”通道的积极效应程度显著大于“人与物”通道;(4)异质性分析显示,数字经济参与对老年人数字信任的影响效应在不同性别、户籍与年龄的老年人之间存在显著性差异。因此,重构信任需要理解中国式现代化对破解信任困境的理论关照,并重视“人+物”双通道指向的信任构建可为路径,构建有助于老年人的数字经济融入政策体系。

以银发经济推进农村互助养老发展的政策支持研究——以J省X市颐养之家为例

我国首部“银发经济”政策文件出台,为农村互助养老模式提供了“有为政府”与“有效市场”相结合的实践场域。通过对具有全国性影响的J省X市颐养之家的典型案例分析发现,当前农村互助养老模式的主要政策目标是为有需要的农村留守、独居及困难老年人提供基本生活保障的兜底型养老。在银发经济“产品化-商品化-产业化”阶段性发展的大趋势下,农村互助养老还可以是普惠式养老,更应该是高质量的积极养老。针对农村互助养老模式在政策执行中分配基础、分配内容、输送策略、筹资机制等方面存在的不足,建议将发挥有效市场作用与有为政府作用更好结合,进一步完善优化政策支持,纳入“一老一小”,扩展受益对象;引进商品化竞争机制,丰富服务供给;推动多主体跨部门合作,形成网状输送;划定红线并链接资源,发展团结经济,着力推动农村互助养老高质量发展。