Impacts of Defoliation on Morphological Characteristics and Non-Structural Carbohydrates of Populus talassica × Populus euphratica Seedlings

Leaves are important‘source’organs that synthesize organic matter,providing carbon sources for plant growth.Here,we used Populus talassica×Populus euphratica,the dominant species in ecological and timber forests,to simulate carbon limitation through artificial 25%,50%,and 75%defoliation treatments and explore the effects on root,stem,and leaf morphology,biomass accumulation,and carbon allocation strategies.At the 60th d after treat-ment,under 25%defoliation treatment,the plant height,specific leaf weight,root surface area and volume,and concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in stem and root were significantly increased by 9.13%,20.00%,16.60%,31.95%,5.12%,and 9.34%,respectively,relative to the control.There was no significant change in the growth indicators under 50%defoliation treatment,but the concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in the leaf and stem significantly decreased,showing mostly a negative correlation between them.The opposite was observed in the root.Under 75%defoliation treatment,the plant height,ground diameter,leaf number,single leaf area,root,stem,and total biomass were significantly reduced by 14.15%,10.24%,14.86%,11.31%,11.56%,21.87%,and 16.82%,respectively,relative to the control.The concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates in various organs were significantly reduced,particularly in the consumption of the starch concentrations in the stem and root.These results indicated that carbon allocation strategies can be adjusted to increase the con-centration of non-structural carbohydrates in root and meet plant growth needs under 25%and 50%defoliation.However,75%defoliation significantly limited the distribution of non-structural carbohydrates to roots and stems,reduced carbon storage,and thus inhibited plant growth.Defoliation-induced carbon limitation altered the carbon allocation pattern of P.talassica×P.euphratica,and the relationship between carbon reserves in roots and tree growth recovery after defoliation was greater.This study provides a theoretical basis for the comprehen-sive management of P.talassica×P.euphratica plantations,as well as a reference for the study of plantation car-bon allocation strategies in the desert and semi-desert regions of Xinjiang under carbon-limitation conditions.

Comprehensive Overview of Populus simonii Research in the Recent Years

As an important ecological tree species in northern China, Populus simonii plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and promoting environmental sustainability. The academic community has conducted a series of in-depth studies on this species, covering key areas such as genomics, survival mechanisms, and genetic breeding. Through the analysis of the genomic structure and function of P. simonii, we have not only revealed the molecular basis for its adaptation to harsh environments but also identified key genes that promote its growth and resistance to pests and diseases. Furthermore, exploring the survival mechanisms of P. simonii has deepened our understanding of its stress resistance traits, including how it effectively copes with abiotic stresses such as drought, salinization, and heavy metal pollution. In genetic breeding, significant progress has been made through the application of modern biotechnology, improving the growth rate and wood quality of P. simonii and enhancing its environmental adaptability and disease resistance. These research findings have not only enriched our knowledge of the biological characteristics of P. simonii but also provided a solid scientific foundation for its application in ecological restoration, forestry production, and environmental management.

Across two phylogeographic breaks: Quaternary evolutionary history of a mountain aspen (Populus rotundifolia) in the Hengduan Mountains

Biogeographical barriers to gene flow are central to plant phylogeography.In East Asia,plant distribution is greatly influenced by two phylogeographic breaks,the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,however,few studies have investigated how these barriers affect the genetic diversity of species that are distributed across both.Here we used 14 microsatellite loci and four chloroplast DNA fragments to examine genetic diversity and distribution patterns of 49 populations of Populus rotundifolia,a species that spans both the Mekong-Salween Divide and the Tanaka-Kaiyong Line in southwestern China.Demographic and migration hypotheses were tested using coalescent-based approaches.Limited historical gene flow was observed between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia,but substantial flow occurred across both the Mekong-Salween Divide and Tanaka-Kaiyong Line,manifesting in clear admixture and high genetic diversity in the central group.Wind-borne pollen and seeds may have facilitated the dispersal of P.rotundifolia following prevalent northwest winds in the spring.We also found that the Hengduan Mountains,where multiple genetic barriers were detected,acted on the whole as a barrier between the western and eastern groups of P.rotundifolia.Ecological niche modeling suggested that P.rotundifolia has undergone range expansion since the last glacial maximum,and demographic reconstruction indicated an earlier population expansion around 600 Ka.The phylogeographic pattern of P.rotundifolia reflects the interplay of biological traits,wind patterns,barriers,niche differentiation,and Quaternary climate history.This study emphasizes the need for multiple lines of evidence in understanding the Quaternary evolution of plants in topographically complex areas.

Wind-dispersed seeds blur phylogeographic breaks:The complex evolutionary history of Populus lasiocarpa around the Sichuan Basin

The strength of phylogeographic breaks can vary among species in the same area despite being subject to the same geological and climate history due to differences in biological traits.Several important phylogeographic breaks exist around the Sichuan Basin in Southwest China but few studies have focused on wind-dispersed plants.Here,we investigated the phylogeographic patterns and the evolutionary history of Populus lasiocarpa,a wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed tree species with a circum-Sichuan Basin distribution in southwest China.We sequenced and analyzed three plastid DNA fragments(ptDNA) and eight nuclear microsatellites(nSSRs) of 265 individuals of P.lasiocarpa from 21 populations spanning the entire distribution range.Distribution patterns based on nSSR data revealed that there are three genetic groups in P.lasiocarpa.This is consistent with the three phylogeographic breaks(Sichuan Basin,the Kaiyong Line and the 105°E line),where the Sichuan basin acts as the main barrier to gene flow between western and eastern groups.However,the distribution pattern based on ptDNA haplotypes poorly matched the phylogeographic breaks,and wind-dispersed seeds may be one of the main contributing factors.Species distribution modelling suggested a larger potential distribution in the last glacial maximum with a severe bottleneck during the last interglacial.A DIYABC model also suggested a population contraction and expansion for both western and eastern lineages.These results indicate that biological traits are likely to affect the evolutionary history of plants,and that nuclear molecular markers,which experience higher levels of gene flow,might be better indicators of phylogeographic breaks.

Assembly and analysis of the Populus deltoides mitochondrial genome:the first report of a multicircular mitochondrial conformation for the genus Populus

Genomics research of Populus deltoides,an important timber species that is widely planted worldwide,is an important part of poplar breeding.Currently,the nuclear and chloroplast genome of P.deltoides have been sequenced,but its mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)has not been reported.To further explore the evolution and phylogeny of P.deltoides,the mitogenome of P.deltoides I-69 was assembled using reads from Nanopore and Illumina sequencing platforms and found to consist of 802,637 bp and three circular chromosomes(336,205,280,841,and 185,591 bp)containing 58 genes(34 protein-coding genes,21 tRNA genes,and 3 rRNA genes).RNA analysis in combination with several species showed signifi cantly fewer RNA editingsites in the mitogenomes of poplar and other angiosperms than in gymnosperms.Sequence transfer analysis showed extensive mitogenome rearrangements in Populus species,and with evolution from lower to higher plants,tRNA transfer from chloroplasts to mitochondria became increasingly frequent.In a phylogenetic analysis,the evolutionary status of P.deltoides was determined,and the section Populus was supported.Our results based on the fi rst report of a multicircular conformation of the Populus mitogenome provide a basis for further study of the evolution and genetics of P.deltoides and other Populus species and for breeding programs.

Trunk volume estimation of irregular shaped Populus euphratica riparian forest using TLS point cloud data and multivariate prediction models

Background: Trunk volume(Vt) is an essential parameter for estimating forest stand volume, biomass, and carbon sequestration potential. As the dominant tree species in desert riparian forests, Euphrates poplar(Populus euphratica) has a high proportion of irregularly shaped tree trunks along the Tarim River, NW China, where the habitat is very fragile owing to long-term water stress. This causes uncertainty in estimation accuracy as well as technical challenges for forest surveys. Our study aimed to acquire P. euphratica Vtusing terrestrial laser scanning(TLS) and to establish a species-specific Vtprediction model.Methods: A total of 240 individual trees were measured by TLS multiple-station in 12 sampling plots in three sections along the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Vtwas calculated by a definite integration method using trunk diameters(Di) at every 0.1-m tree height obtained from TLS, and all data were split randomly into two sets:70% of data were used to estimate the model parameter calibration, and the remaining 30% were used for model validation. Sixteen widely used candidate tree Vtestimation models were fitted to the TLS-measured Vtand tree structural parameter data, including tree height(H), diameter at breast height(DBH), and basal diameter(BD). All model performances were evaluated and compared by the statistical parameters of determination coefficient(R^(2)),root mean square error(RMSE), Bayesian information criterion(BIC), mean prediction error(ME), mean absolute error(MAE), and modeling efficiency(EF), and accordingly the best model was selected.Results: TLS point cloud reflection intensity(RI) has advantageous in the extraction of data from irregular tree trunk structures. The P. euphratica tree Vtvalues showed obvious differences at the same tree height(H). There was no significant correlation between Vtand H(R^(2)=0.11, P < 0.01), which reflected the irregularity of P. euphratica trunk shape in the study area. Among all the models, model(14): Vt=0.909DBH1.184H0.487BD0.836(R^(2)=0.97, RMSE=0.14) had the best prediction capability for irregularly shaped Vtwith the highest R^(2), BIC(-37.96), and EF(0.96), and produced a smaller ME(0.006) and MAE(1.177) compared to other models. The prediction accuracy was 93.18%.Conclusions: TLS point cloud RI has a potential for nondestructively measuring irregularly shaped trunk structures of P. euphratica and developed Vtprediction models. The multivariate models more effectively predicted Vtfor irregularly shaped trees compared to one-way and general volume models.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the KANADI Gene Family and Its Expression Patterns under Different Nitrogen Concentrations Treatments in Populus trichocarpa

KANADI(KAN)is a plant-specific gene that controlled the polarity development of lateral organs.It mainly acted on the abaxial characteristics of plants to make the lateral organs asymmetrical.However,it had been less identified in woody plants.In this study,the members of the KAN gene family in Populus trichocarpa were identified and analyzed using the bioinformatics method.The results showed that a total of 8 KAN family members were screened out,and each member contained the unique GARP domain and conserved region of the family proteins.Phylogenetic analysis and their gene structures revealed that all KAN genes from P.trichocarpa,Arabidopsis thaliana,and Nicotiana benthamiana could be divided into four subgroups,while the eight genes in P.trichocarpa were classified into three subgroups,respectively.The analysis of tissue-specific expression indicated that PtKAN1 was highly expressed in young leaves,PtKAN6 was highly expressed in young leaves and mature leaves,PtKAN2,PtKAN5,and PtKAN7 were highly expressed in nodes and internodes,PtKAN8 was highly expressed in roots,and PtKAN3 and PtKAN4 showed low expression levels in all tissues.Among them,PtKAN2 and PtKAN6,and PtKAN4 and PtKAN5 might have functional redundancy.Under high nitrogen concentrations,PtKAN2 and PtKAN8 were highly expressed in mature stems and leaves,respectively,while PtKAN4,PtKAN5,and PtKAN7 were highly expressed in roots.This study laid a theoretical foundation for further study of the KAN genemediated nitrogen effect on root development.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of ACBP gene family in Populus reveal salinity alkali-responsive profiles

Acyl-CoA-binding proteins(ACBPs)are important for the transport of acyl groups for macro molecular biosynthesis involved in plant growth,development,and diverse stress(e.g.,cold,drought,salinity,and heavy metals)responses.Here,we report the phylogeny and characteristics of the ACBP family in the woody plant Populus trichocarpa.Eight genes encoding ACBP proteins were identified,and they are distributed on eight chromosomes in P.trichocarpa.These PtACBP genes were divided into four subgroups according to gene structure,conserved motifs and phylogenetic relationship.Promoter analysis revealed that cis-elements were related to stress response,phytohormone response,and physical and reproductive growth regulation.Expression levels of PtACBP genes varied among different organs,with the highest expression in leaves and the lowest in stems.Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis showed that under salinity-alkali stresses(i.e.,200 mM NaCl,75 mM Na2CO3,and 100 mM NaHCO3),four(PtACBP1,PtACBP3,PtACBP4 and PtACBP8)of eight PtACBP genes were significantly induced in roots and leaves.These data provide a comprehensive analysis of the ACBPs family in P.trichocarpa,which could be useful for gene function analyses.

Two response patterns to negative environmental changes:Cases from Populus and Metasequoia

Traditionally,plant distribution is thought to be closely related to environmental factors.But recently,it is found that Populus,quite different from other plant taxa,adapted to negative environmental changes,and successfully migrated to different climate zones from its origin places of warm temperate zone.Conversely,Metasequoia is gradually tending to extinction from the Miocene to Quaternary.Based on above contrary cases,two response patterns of plant to negative environmental changes are proposed.One is active adaptation represented by Populus,the other is passive adaptation represented by Metasequoia.The plants of passive strategy characterized for desert prevention might be easily replaced by those of active strategy characterized for desert utilization.Fast growing plants,such as Populus with characteristics of drought and salt tolerance,wind and sand resistance,are selected in Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang,China,as a good example of desert utilization in the construction of new highways and towns,not only serve as farmland shelterbelt in sandy area.In addition,Populus with high-altitude and cold adaptation has also been selected as an ideal tree planted in Tibet.Therefore,the idea of using Populus as one of the preferred pioneer trees to colonize Mars is proposed.

Fine Root Distribution Characteristics of Populus cathayana Plantations at Different Ages in Alpine Sandy Land

[Objectives]The paper was to study the fine root distribution characteristics of Populus cathayana plantations at different ages in alpine sandy land.[Methods]With 5,10,15,20,and 25 years old P.cathayana plantation in the eastern margin of Gonghe Basin,Qinghai Province as the research objects,fine roots were collected by root core drilling method,and the differences of fine root biomass,root length density,average diameter and root tip number at the soil depths of 0-20,20-40,40-60,60-80 and 80-100 cm were analyzed.[Results]The total biomass density of P.cathayana plantation was mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-60 cm,accounting for 76%of the entire soil layer,and its value increased with the increase in forest age.With the increase in different forest ages,the root length density,average diameter and root tip number of living fine roots in the soil layer of 0-60 cm accounted for 74%-81%of the entire soil layer,and the proportions in the soil layers of 60-80 and 80-100 cm were 9%-11%.The biomass density,root length density,average diameter and root tip number of living and dead fine roots of P.cathayana plantation increased with the increase of forest age.The root length density,average diameter and root tip number of P.cathayana fine roots showed a linear function change trend with the growth of forest age,which could be described by the linear function equation y=ax+b(a>0).The analysis results showed that the root length density,average diameter and root tip number of P.cathayana were significantly correlated with the total biomass density of fine roots,and the root length density and average diameter had an extremely positive correlation with the total biomass density.[Conclusions]In the future,P.cathayana plantation should be properly tended to promote the development of fine roots and maximize its ecological benefits.

滇杨幼苗对镉、锌胁迫的生理响应与耐受性研究

为探究滇杨幼苗在Cd、Zn单一及复合胁迫下的生长、生理响应与耐受特征,采用土培盆栽的方式开展研究。结果表明:Cd、Zn单一及复合胁迫未显著改变滇杨株高、地径和总生物量,但单一Zn胁迫显著提高总根长、根表面积和根体积,Cd-Zn胁迫显著降低总根长;Zn可改善滇杨的苗木生长质量,Cd可导致滇杨生长变差,而Cd-Zn复合胁迫时生长状况最差。Cd、Zn单一胁迫未显著改变滇杨叶片的光合色素含量和净光合速率,Cd-Zn复合胁迫时叶绿素含量显著降低,但净光合速率和光响应特征参数变化不显著,而Cd单一胁迫时滇杨的R_(d)和LCP较CK显著增高,Zn单一胁迫时则LSP显著增高。Cd和Cd-Zn胁迫可激发滇杨氧化应激防御系统,使SOD和CAT活性显著提高,MDA和TPh含量无显著变化,Zn胁迫时SOD、CAT、MDA和TPh含量均无显著变化。滇杨幼苗对Cd、Zn单一及复合胁迫表现出耐受性,可作为Cd、Zn污染土壤生态修复的重要候选树种,其综合耐受值为Zn>CK>Cd>Cd-Zn。

白城山新1号杨增殖培养试验

为筛选出白城山新1号杨最佳增殖培养基配方,本试验采用正交试验法经组织培养对其进行繁育,以MS培养基为基础配方,将6-BA质量浓度、NAA质量浓度、大量元素含量、蔗糖质量浓度分别设置5个水平进行试验。经回归分析,确定MS+6-BA 0.30 mg·L^(-1)+NAA 0.05 mg·L^(-1)+蔗糖20.00 g·L^(-1)为白城山新1号杨组培增殖培养基优化配方。

问诊与纠治:“胡杨精神”融入新疆高校思政课的实践路径

“胡杨精神”作为中华民族精神的重要组成部分,对新疆高校开展“文化润疆”和大学生思想政治教育,尤其是对思政课教学具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。“胡杨精神”的科学内涵和时代特征决定了其融入新疆高校思政课的必然性和必要性。新疆高校思政课融入“胡杨精神”的现实困境是融入思政课程内容的丰富程度还不够深,融入思政课程的频率相对还不够高,不同思政课程的融入均衡性不够强,授课过程中融入环节还不够聚焦等。为此,要进一步加强新疆高校思政课教师队伍建设,增强将“胡杨精神”融入日常教学的意识,提高讲好讲活“胡杨精神”的理论水平和业务能力,持续推动思政课教师将“胡杨精神”融入课程教学的方法创新,充分发挥好思政课主渠道作用,强化青年践行“胡杨精神”的自觉意识。

新疆林业生态环境中的木垒胡杨林群落特征研究

对新疆林业生态环境中木垒胡杨林群落的多样性特征进行研究,分析胡杨林群落的相似度变化趋势,通过个体数对数和失稳率研究胡杨林的结构与动态特征。结果表明:在多样性特征中,中、下游区域临界点的胡杨林群落丰富度最高,中游区域的丰富度最小;生态输水前,下游区域的胡杨林群落均匀度指数最小,中游区域的均匀度指数最大,生态输水后,中、下游区域临界点处的均匀度指数最大,下游区域的均匀度指数最小;生态输水后的物种多样性高于生态输水前的物种多样性,下游区域的物种多样性受生态输水的影响较小;在相似性特征中,Jaccard指数和Sorenson指数在不同区域内的变化趋势相似;在胡杨林结构与动态特征中,胡杨林种群在上游区域中的数量较多,种群的个体数与高度级呈反比。

蝴蝶优化算法对大青杨生长速率预测模型的改进

为提高大青杨生长速率的预测精度,提出了一种基于改进的蝴蝶优化算法(improved butterfly optimization algorithm, IBOA)与径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络结合的预测木材材性方法。通过使用佳点集法对标准蝴蝶算法中的种群进行初始化,将自适应切换频率和Levy飞行相结合进一步优化人工蝴蝶算法。构建出了新的IBOA-RBF神经网络木材材性预测模型,将得到的结果与其他几种算法优化的RBF神经网络预测结果进行对比。结果表明:基于IBOA-RBF神经网络模型预测效果最好,收敛速度从37步降低到了23步,预测结果误差达到了5.72%,预测精度最高。可见,对蝴蝶算法的改进是可行的,且对相关人员定向培养大青杨起到较大的帮助。

滇杨组织培养再生及遗传转化体系建立

【目的】建立高效的滇杨Populus yunnanensis离体叶片再生及遗传转化体系,有助于滇杨基因工程育种研究。【方法】以滇杨叶片为外植体,研究不同植物生长调节剂组合对叶片愈伤组织和不定芽诱导及生根的影响,从而获得滇杨再生组培苗;进一步以农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciens介导法探讨菌液吸光度、侵染时间和共培养时间等对滇杨遗传转化效率的影响。【结果】滇杨愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为1/2 MS+0.005 mg·L^(−1)噻苯隆(TDZ)+0.010 mg·L^(−1)萘乙酸(NAA),诱导率达91.7%;不定芽诱导的最佳培养基为1/2 MS+0.002 mg·L^(−1) TDZ+0.010 mg·L^(−1) NAA,诱导率为75.0%;生根最适培养基为1/2 MS+0.010 mg·L^(−1) NAA+0.100 mg·L^(−1)吲哚乙酸(IBA),生根率高达96.7%,平均生根数为2.57条。利用pBI121-GUS载体转化滇杨,最适转化菌液吸光度D(600)为0.2,侵染时间为5 min,共培养时间为2 d;在分化过程中,抑制农杆菌生长的头孢霉素(Cef)最佳质量浓度为200 mg·L^(−1),抗性筛选中最佳培养基的卡那霉素(Kan)质量浓度为20 mg·L^(−1)。对再生植株进行β-D-葡萄糖苷酸酶(GUS)组织化学染色和PCR鉴定,获得20株阳性植株,转化阳性率为45.45%。【结论】本研究成功建立了滇杨离体叶片再生和遗传转化体系。

香杨和大青杨木材挥发性化合物对比分析

【目的】对比分析香杨和大青杨木材挥发性成分、香气构成及其关键药用活性物质,为提升杨树木材附加值、生产保健型杨树木制品提供理论基础。【方法】利用固相微萃取采集样品挥发性物质,将采集的样品导入气相色谱质谱联用仪(GCMS)进行成分分离和检测,通过气味阈值与物质相对含量计算其气味活度值。在中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)数据库中查询已鉴定的挥发性成分,选择口服生物利用度(OB)≥5%、类药性(DL)≥0.14的物质作为主要活性成分,并获得相关靶点和相关疾病信息。【结果】香杨木材比大青杨木材检测出更多挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)和香气化合物,且有较多药用活性成分。香杨和大青杨木材粉末中分别检测出18和16种化学成分,其中包括醇类、烷烃类、醛类、酮类和酯类等物质。香杨木材挥发性物质中检索到8种香气化合物,包括7种关键香气化合物和1种潜在香气化合物,其香气特征表现为黄油、清香、脂香、蘑菇、香草、树脂、花香、清香;大青杨木材挥发性物质中检索到5种香气化合物,且均为关键香气化合物。除黄油、清香、脂香等怡人气味特征外,大青杨木材中关键气味化合物2-己酮的气味较为刺鼻。香杨和大青杨木材共有挥发性成分中包括5种药用成分,分别为乙偶姻、己醛、4,6-二甲基-十二烷、3-辛酮、十四烷;香杨木材挥发物中特有的药用成分有4种,分别为2,3-丁二醇、1-辛基-3-醇、1-己醇、β-柏木烯;大青杨木材挥发物中特有的药用成分有2种,分别为十五烷醛和1-十六烷醇,其中1-十六烷醇是人体健康的有效关键成分。【结论】香杨木材挥发物中具有更多香气化合物和药用活性成分。大青杨木材中关键性气味化合物2-己酮气味较为刺鼻,可能对室内环境和人体存在潜在危害。香杨木材有更清新的香气特征且挥发物中含较多对人体健康有益的药用成分,可作为保健型木材生产的候选树种。

东北地区不同间伐强度青山杨人工林生长及木材性状变异

探究不同间伐强度对青山杨人工林生长及木材性状的影响,为东北地区培育杨树优质工业资源材提供理论基础。以18年生青山杨为试验材料,以初植株行距2 m×3 m为对照,设置3种强度的间伐处理(4 m×3 m、6 m×3 m、4 m×6 m)。间伐后第5年对试验林的生长性状(树高、胸径、2米径、冠幅)及木材性状(基本密度、纤维长、纤维宽、半纤维素含量、纤维素含量、综纤维素含量、木质素含量)进行了测定,并利用树高、胸径计算出单株材积及单位面积蓄积。方差分析结果表明,除基本密度外,各指标差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。均值分析结果表明,林木各生长指标与木质素含量的均值在株行距为6 m×3 m时达到最大,其余各木材指标均在株行距为4 m×3 m或6 m×4 m时达到最大;各测定指标表型变异系数变化范围为3.35%~29.87%;除基本密度外,各指标重复力均超过0.590。相关性分析结果表明,各生长指标间均达显著正相关水平(0.690<r<0.993),而木材性状间及生长性状与木材性状间的相关性较弱。分别以生长性状、木材性状及联合生长与木材性状为评价指标对各处理进行综合评价后发现,Qi分别在株行距为6 m×3 m、4 m×6 m及4 m×6 m时达到最大。间伐能够促进林分生长,改良林木材性,且保留株行距为4 m×6 m时,林木材性及生长与木材综合改良效果较为优良;保留株行距为6 m×3 m时,林木生长效果最好。因此,今后可根据培育目标的不同选择适宜的间伐强度进行东北地区杨树优质工业资源材的培育。

胡杨(Populus euphratica)在额济纳绿洲三种生境内的根蘖繁殖特性

以额济纳荒漠绿洲胡杨根蘖幼苗为研究对象,通过对绿洲内胡杨分布的3种主要生境内根蘖幼苗的调查,得出如下结论。近年来绿洲内胡杨种群的更新几乎完全依赖于无性繁殖更新,种子萌发产生的幼苗在调查地内没有发现。河岸沙丘地及胡杨林下地的根蘖幼苗中,3龄幼苗所占比重最大,龄级越小的根蘖苗在群落中的数量越少;在河水漫灌后的林间空地,2龄幼苗的数量最多。水漫灌后的林间空地中根蘖幼苗密度显著大于其余两生境内根蘖幼苗密度,同时该生境内每段胡杨根系萌生出的不定芽也大于另两生境。随着龄级增加,未枯枝根蘖幼苗的比率逐渐减小。根蘖幼苗的萌发点分布于土层30cm以内的根系上,分布深度大于30cm的根系不能萌发出根蘖幼苗。

杨属(Populus)黑杨组(Aigeiros)种(品种)间核型比较

对杨属黑杨组(Aigeiros)的15个种(品种)核型进行了分析,结果如下:箭杆杨(Populus nigravar.thevestina),2n=38=3M+29m+5sm+1st;盖杨(P.del.cv.×Lux×P.×canadensiscv.Shan haiguanensis),2n=38=2M+27m+4sm+5st(4SAT);欧美杨107(P.×euramericanacv.‘74/76’),2n= 38=1M+29m(1SAT)+5sm+3st(3SAT);欧美杨13(P.×euramericanaCL13),2n=38=3M+23m+ 6sm+3st(1SAT)+3t(3SAT);加杨(P.×canadensisMoench),2n=38=1M+27m+6sm+4st(4SAT); 辽杨×美洲黑杨(P.maximowicziiHenry×P.deltoidsBartr.),2n=38=1M+24m+9sm(2SAT)+4st;中尚 8号(P.×Zhongshangnensis),2n=38=4M+27m(1SAT)+2sm+3st(2SAT)+2t;北京杨(P.×beijin gensis),2n=38=3M+28m+3sm+4st(2SAT);鲁山杨(P.×Liaoningensis),2n=38=1M+27m+3sm+ 6st(1SAT)+1t(1SAT);廊坊1号(P.CL‘Langfang1’),2n=38=3M+28m+3sm+4st(2SAT);圣 山杨(盖杨类)(P.×gaixianesis),2n=38=2M+27m+4sm(1SAT)+4st(3SAT)+1t;抗-2〔P.del toidsCL2(GMO)〕,2n=38=26m+7sm(2SAT)+4st(1SAT)+1t(1SAT);群改3号(P.×Qungainen sis3),2n=38=1M+27m+8st(2SAT)+2t(2SAT);中金2号(P.×Zhongjinnensis2),2n=38=1M+ 18m+13sm(1SAT)+5st(2SAT)