Properties of SiC Particulate Preforms Based on Different Pore-forming Agents and Bonding Methods for Making SiC/Al Composites

The preforms with high SiC volume fraction （〉50%） were successfully fabricated by two bonding methods. Moreover, the dimensional change, compressive strength, and microstructure of SiC preforms were investigated, and the bonding mechanism among SiC particulates in preforms was also discussed. Results show that, after heating to 1 100 ~C and holding for 2 h, a uniform and interconnected structure in the SiC preforms can be obtained by using starch, stearic acid, and graphite respectively as the pore-forming agents, which benefits the subsequent infiltration by the molten metals. More neck-like-jointing among SiC particulate by using graphite as the pore-forming agent improves the dimensional accuracy and compressive strength of the preform. Besides, the properties of the preforms by the binder bonding are better than those by the oxidation bonding, which is mainly because the mixed neck-like-jointing and binder at high temperature provide effective bonding together.

Effects of Pore-forming Agents on Properties of Silicon Carbide Porous Ceramics Prepared from Crystalline Silicon Cutting Waste

SiC powder was rapidly synthesized in an induction furnace with crystalline silicon cutting waste and active carbon as raw materials,and then SiC porous ceramics were prepared at 1600 t for 4 h with carbon embedded using the powder as raw material,the starch and the graphite as pore-forming agents.Effects of additions of different pore-forming agents on the phase composition,microstructures,physical properties,and cold crushing strength of the porous ceramics were investigated.The results show that the main crystalline phases of the synthetic powder areα-S iC(6H-SiC)andβ-SiC(3C-SiC).The phase composition of the porous ceramics includesα-S iC(6H-SiC),β-SiC(3C-SiC),FeSi,quartz and Si2N20.The apparent porosity and closed porosity of the porous ceramics prepared by adding starch are higher,and the cold compressive strength of the porous ceramics added with graphite is higher.As increasing the additions of the starch,the apparent porosity,closed porosity and linear shrinkage ratio of the porous ceramics increase,and the bulk density decreases correspondingly.When 20 mass%starch is added,the apparent porosity,closed porosity,linear shrinkage ratio and cold compressive strength are 57.05%,2.03%,5.10%and 10.20 MPa,respectively.

Univector field method-based multi-agent navigation for pursuit problem in obstacle environments

The pursuit problem is a well-known problem in computer science. In this problem, a group of predator agents attempt to capture a prey agent in an environment with various obstacle types, partial observation, and an infinite grid-world. Predator agents are applied algorithms that use the univector field method to reach the prey agent, strategies for avoiding obstacles and strategies for cooperation between predator agents. Obstacle avoidance strategies are generalized and presented through strategies called hitting and following boundary(HFB); trapped and following shortest path(TFSP); and predicted and following shortest path(PFSP). In terms of cooperation, cooperation strategies are employed to more quickly reach and capture the prey agent. Experimental results are shown to illustrate the efficiency of the method in the pursuit problem.

Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous FAU/γ-Al2O3 Composites with Different Morphologies via Directing Agent Induced Method

Zeolite FAU composites with a macro/meso-microporous hierarchical structure were hydrothermally synthesized using macro-mesoporous γ-Al_2O_3 monolith as the substrate by means of the liquid crystallization directing agent(LCDA) induced method. No template was needed throughout the synthesis processes. The structure and porosity of zeolite composites were analyzed by means of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and N_2adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results showed that the supported zeolite composites with varied zeolitic crystalline phases and different morphologies can be obtained by adjusting the crystallization parameters, such as the crystallization temperature, the composition and the alkalinity of the precursor solution. The presence of LCDA was defined as a determinant for synthesizing the zeolite composites. The mechanisms for formation of the hierarchically porous FAU zeolite composites in the LCDA induced synthesis process were discussed. The resulting monolithic zeolite with a trimodal-porous hierarchical structure shows potential applicability where facile diffusion is required.

An improved outer pipe method for expansive pressure measurement of static cracking agents

Static cracking agent(SCA)is actively investigated as an alternative to explosive blasting for rock breakage due to its immense expansion property.SCA can eliminate the negative effects of shock,noise and harmful gases encountered in explosive blasting processes.Accurate measurement and deep understanding of the expansive properties of SCAs are important in their industrial application.An improved outer pipe method(OPM),termed the upper end surface method(UESM),is proposed in this paper to overcome the shortcomings of the OPM in the expansive pressure measurement of SCAs.Numerical simulation is used to proof the concept and a mathematical model established to relate the internal pressure and the radial strains at different positions in the upper end surface method test equipment.The new equipment is calibrated using oil pressure and strain measurements.The calibrated equipment is then used to measure the expansion pressure of SCA at three different water contents to proof its potential.The differences in the measurements with OPM and UESM at three different moisture contents are less than 4%.The experimental results confirm the accuracy and applicability of the more user friendly and less expensive UESM in the measurement of the expansive pressures of SCAs.

Hierarchical SAPO-11 Molecular Sieve for n-Alkane Hydroisomerization Synthesized by Directing Agent Method

Silicoaluminophosphates SAPO-11 molecular sieves with small particle size and hierarchical pores were synthesized using the directing agent method.The effect of crystallization time on the particle structure,morphology,pore structure properties,and acid properties of SAPO-11 molecular sieves were investigated.Unlike the SAPO-11 molecular sieves synthesized with the conventional method,the results of XRD,SEM,BET and NH3-TPD analyses showed that the SAPO-11 molecular sieves synthesized by the directing agent method in a shorter crystallization time exhibited fine and uniform morphology.By increasing the crystallization time,the particle size of SAPO-11 molecular sieve was significantly reduced,and the mesoporous structure(intercrystalline pores)was formed.Furthermore,the external specific surface area and the total specific surface area reached 81.7 m^2/g and 192.0 m^2/g,respectively,which effectively reduced the pore mass transfer resistance and significantly increased the number of acid sites.The results of n-dodecane hydroisomerization revealed that the Pt/SAPO-11 prepared with the novel method exhibited higher catalytic activity and better hydroisomerization selectivity than that synthesized by the conventional hydrothermal method.Thus,the small particle molecular sieve showed a promising industrial application prospect to be used as catalyst support.

Optimization of Freeze-drying Protective Agents for Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0391 by Response Surface Methodology

In this study, the Single Factor Test（SFT） was used to optimize the pre-freezing conditions of L. plantarum KLDS1.0391（KLDS1.0391）. Further, the Freeze-Drying Protective Agents（FDPA） of KLDS1.0391 was optimized by Response Surface Methodology（RSM）. The optimum pretreatment conditions were as the follows： initial concentration of KLDS1.0391 was 1011 CFU · m L-1 and KLDS1.0391 was pre-freezed at –80℃ for 8 h to achieve the survival rate of 46.21%. The main components of FDPA were skim milk, sucrose, sodium glutamate and Tween-80. And the influence of four factors on the survival rate of KLDS1.0391 in freeze-drying was in order as the follows： skim milk〉sucrose〉Tween-80〉sodium glutamate. The optimal FDPA composition was skim milk 11.3%, sucrose 9.8%, sodium glutamate 5.1% and Tween-80 0.2%. Under the above conditions, the survival rate of the cells was 82.98%. Comparing the predicted values, the relative error was 0.37% and the difference was not significant, which indicated that the established model could effectively reflect the actual protection of FDPA to KLDS1.0391.

Consensus Control With a Constant Gain for Discrete-time Binary-valued Multi-agent Systems Based on a Projected Empirical Measure Method

This paper studies the consensus control of multiagent systems with binary-valued observations.An algorithm alternating estimation and control is proposed.Each agent estimates the states of its neighbors based on a projected empirical measure method for a holding time.Based on the estimates,each agent designs the consensus control with a constant gain at some skipping time.The states of the system are updated by the designed control,and the estimation and control design will be repeated.For the estimation,the projected empirical measure method is proposed for the binary-valued observations.The algorithm can ensure the uniform boundedness of the estimates and the mean square error of the estimation is proved to be at the order of the reciprocal of the holding time(the same order as that in the case of accurate outputs).For the consensus control,a constant gain is designed instead of the stochastic approximation based gain in the existing literature for binary-valued observations.And,there is no need to make modification for control since the uniform boundedness of the estimates ensures the uniform boundedness of the agents’states.Finally,the systems updated by the designed control are proved to achieve consensus and the consensus speed is faster than that in the existing literature.Simulations are given to demonstrate the theoretical results.

基于多Agent的柔性作业车间动态调度方法研究

为提高调度策略对工件到达密度变化的适应能力,对柔性作业车间内的动态调度方法进行了研究。首先根据调研结果以及Agent建模方法构建了基于多Agent系统的柔性制造动态调度系统;然后结合柔性制造背景下的复杂结构件加工特点对调度过程中任务分解、机床选择、任务分配3个步骤的运行机制进行了改进,形成了基于工序块的任务分解机制、基于加工精度的机床选择机制以及基于调度规则的动态时间窗调度方法;最后通过试验验证了该动态调度方法在工件到达密度变化场景下的可行性,对当前实际的柔性作业车间生产活动具有一定的指导意义。

Comparison of Acidic and Polymeric Agents in Synthesis of TiO₂Nanoparticles via a Modified Sol-Gel Method

TiO2 nano particles were synthesized in Rutile and Anatase phases by sol-gel method using two kind of complex agents, acidic (Citric Acid) and organic complex agent (acetyl acetone) at 400°C, 500°C, 650°C sintering temperatures. The structural analysis by XRD diffraction confirmed phase formation of titanium oxide. Particles sizes were determined by using Scherrer formula. TEM was employed to confirm nano particles formation. The size of nano particles as well as Phase formation can be controlled by the type of complex agent and sintering temperature. Acetyl Acetone causes a more crystalline structure and more uniformity of size distribution in 400°C sintering temperatures. Moreover, it results in obtaining single phase TiO2 nanoparticles at 400°C and 650°C sintering temperature. On the other hand, at high sintering temperature, the particles obtained from polymeric agent tend to agglomerate larger in size than the acidic product.

Study on Test Methods for Flow Ability of Superfine Powder Extinguishing Agent

According to the physical and chemical characteristics of superfine powder extinguishing agent,three test methods are selected to measure the flow ability.By studying and comparing various test methods,apparatus and conditions,the optimum method and conditions to test flow property of superfine powder extinguishing agent are confirmed.

Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Cross-Layer Scheduling in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Due to the fading characteristics of wireless channels and the burstiness of data traffic,how to deal with congestion in Ad-hoc networks with effective algorithms is still open and challenging.In this paper,we focus on enabling congestion control to minimize network transmission delays through flexible power control.To effectively solve the congestion problem,we propose a distributed cross-layer scheduling algorithm,which is empowered by graph-based multi-agent deep reinforcement learning.The transmit power is adaptively adjusted in real-time by our algorithm based only on local information(i.e.,channel state information and queue length)and local communication(i.e.,information exchanged with neighbors).Moreover,the training complexity of the algorithm is low due to the regional cooperation based on the graph attention network.In the evaluation,we show that our algorithm can reduce the transmission delay of data flow under severe signal interference and drastically changing channel states,and demonstrate the adaptability and stability in different topologies.The method is general and can be extended to various types of topologies.

Porous high-entropy rare-earth phosphate(REPO_(4),RE=La,Sm,Eu,Ce,Pr and Gd)ceramics with excellent thermal insulation performance via pore structure tailoring

Thermal insulation materials play an increasingly important role in protecting mechanical parts functioning at high temperatures.In this study,a new porous high-entropy(La_(1/6)Ce_(1/6)Pr_(1/6)Sm_(1/6)Eu_(1/6)Gd_(1/6))PO_(4)(HE(6RE_(1/6))PO_(4))ceramics was prepared by combining the high-entropy method with the pore-forming agent method and the effect of different starch contents(0–60vol%)on this ceramic properties was systematically investigated.The results show that the porous HE(6RE_(1/6))PO_(4)ceramics with 60vol%starch exhibit the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.061 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)at room temperature and good pore structure stability with a linear shrinkage of approximately1.67%.Moreover,the effect of large regular spherical pores(>10μm)on its thermal insulation performance was discussed,and an optimal thermal conductivity prediction model was screened.The superior properties of the prepared porous HE(6RE_(1/6))PO_(4)ceramics allow them to be promising insulation materials in the future.

基于响应面法的碱硫酸盐激发固废型固化剂组成优化设计

论文采用响应面法对碱-硫酸盐激发固废型固化剂体系进行优化,以赤泥、矿渣、生石灰和脱硫石膏为变量因素,以流态固化土的7 d、28 d无侧限抗压强度和流动扩展度为评价指标,建立预测模型。结果表明:当赤泥掺量为26.6%、矿渣掺量为53.2%、石灰掺量为11.7%、脱硫石膏掺量为8.5%时,流态固化土的工作性能和力学性能均达到最优,响应值的实测值和预测值误差范围控制在5%内,表明该响应面法预测模型预测精度高。

一种解决带有凸集约束的分布式伪凸优化的连续时间算法

本文提出了一种可以解决带有凸集约束且全局目标函数是非光滑伪凸的分布式优化问题的连续时间算法.本文所提出的分布式优化算法采用罚函数方法建模,通过构造一个合适的惩罚项迫使所有智能体的状态变量进入可行域.通过使用李雅普诺夫(有限时间)稳定性理论等工具,证明了在一定假设下,本文所提出的算法将在有限时间内达成一致状态且进入可行域并永驻其中,并在此之后收敛到原分布式优化问题的最优解集.此外,该算法在运行时各个智能体仅仅需要接收邻居节点的相对状态的符号信息.最后,仿真结果验证了本文所提出的算法的有效性.

药学类专业多维实践能力培养模式探索——以“基于响应面法对婴幼儿读物中荧光增白剂检测方法的优化”为例

以仪器分析实验中荧光分光光度法的定量分析应用为基础,设计以“兴趣牵引”为导向的综合性探索实验:荧光增白剂定量分析,荧光分光光度法和响应曲面设计统计方法的综合应用。学生充分参与完整仪器分析实验流程,有效提高了学生的综合思维能力和解决实际问题的能力。“婴幼儿读物中荧光增白剂检测方法的优化”是仪器分析实验课程中以“兴趣为导向”的探索研究型实验,它涵盖了荧光分光光度法原理探究、实验条件设置等科研基本能力的训练。该实验采用响应面法对萃取时间、温度和试剂用量等考察,鼓励学生基于实际问题,尝试优化现行荧光增白剂检测方案。

浅谈高分子加固材料对墓室壁画砖体支撑体的影响

加固操作是壁画保护修复的重要技术,加固剂的作用效果直接影响壁画的保护效果。本文在了解壁画保护中常用的加固剂AC33和B72性能特点的基础上,研究了这两种加固材料对沁源M1砖室墓壁画砖体支撑体的颜色和强度方面的作用效果,并且从加固剂化学特征、加固对象结构特征和加固方式上,分析了影响加固剂作用效果的因素。

响应曲面法优化高效除氟药剂的研制及除氟机理

我国电子、光伏、无机氟化工、煤矿开采、煤基化工等行业产生的废水普遍存在氟化物超标问题,除氟药剂法作为废水除氟的新方法,存在投药量及污泥产生量较大等问题。采用响应曲面BBD法对该除氟药剂的制备条件进行试验设计和优化,并与常用混凝剂除氟性能进行对比。通过扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析手段对不同制备阶段除氟药剂进行表征分析,结合处理后上清液残留元素水平和各元素利用率对除氟机理进行探究。结果表明:除氟药剂最优制备条件为n(M)/n(Si)(M为金属总量)为44.91、n(Al)/n(Mg)为40.64、n(Al)/n(Fe)为34.92,在该条件下所制备的除氟药剂在投药量1.35 g/L时,氟离子质量浓度由20 mg/L降至0.71 mg/L,达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类标准限值1.0 mg/L以下,氟离子去除率达96.45%,响应曲面法建立的模型相关系数R 2为0.9690;对于初始氟质量浓度10~200 mg/L的含氟水样,除氟药剂按比例投加,上清液剩余氟质量浓度均小于1.0 mg/L;与常用混凝剂的除氟性能顺序为:除氟药剂>PAC(聚合氯化铝)>PAFC(聚合氯化铝铁)>PFS(聚合硫酸铁);SEM和XRD表征分析发现除氟药剂形态和结构均发生改变,通过反应聚合形成多种多羟基聚合物,这些多羟基聚合物与氟离子间发生离子交换,从而去除氟离子;通过对上清液残留进行元素分析,结合所投加除氟药剂中各金属元素浓度,分析得出铝、硅、铁、镁的元素利用率分别为99.98%、97.16%、92.22%和18.39%;除氟药剂对多种实际含氟工业废水均高效且适用。

基于改进SHRP融冰试验的氯盐融雪剂性能研究

氯盐融雪剂因其融冰除雪性能优异、价格低廉、易于获取而得到广泛应用。为探究氯盐融雪剂的温度适用性不同、标准不统一、撒布方式粗略等问题,该文通过改进的SHRP融冰试验,分析了温度、固液态及撒布方式对NaCl、CaCl_(2)、MgCl_(2) 3种常用氯盐融雪剂除冰性能的影响。试验结果表明:氯盐融雪剂的除冰性能对温度具有显著的敏感性;MgCl_(2)、CaCl_(2)两种融雪剂在融化过程中存在“放热”效应;同种氯盐融雪剂在固态下的融冰效率高于液态下的;同种氯盐融雪剂在不同撒布方式下融冰效率不同,其中,在线性撒布下除冰能力最强。根据试验结果,建议使用固态线性撒布的方式,并根据环境温度选择适宜的融雪剂。

基于组合赋权和灰色关联TOPSIS的电子商务代运营服务商选择研究

专业的电子商务代运营服务商能较好地降低电商服务成本,提高电商运营效率,成为众多中小实体企业进入电商行业的必然选择。为便捷有效地对电子商务代运营服务商进行综合评价与选择,建立了基于DEMATEL、熵权法组合赋权与灰色关联TOPSIS相结合的多属性综合决策方法。首先,将DEMATEL计算的权重和熵权法计算的熵权采用乘法合成法组合赋权;其次,将TOPSIS计算的相对接近程度和灰色关联分析计算的灰色关联度进行混合计算,通过灰色关联贴近度完成备选方案的排序和优选;最后,利用建立的评价方法对婴儿床制造企业Q公司选择电子商务代运营服务商开展了实证分析。从实证分析可以看出,这种评价方法可以为中小企业选择电子商务代理运营服务商提供一种更加便捷有效的优化方法。