Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenari...Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenarios to aid first responders in appropriate site risk assessment and management.Large metropolitan fires can pose great risk to human and environmental health due to the rapid release of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere.Understanding the release of these hazardous organics is critical in understanding their associated risks.Person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was evaluated for its potential to provide rapid on-site analysis for real-time monitoring of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes.Air sampling and analysis methods were developed for scenes of this nature.Controlled field testing demonstrated that the portable GC-MS was able to provide preliminary analytical results on the volatile organic compounds present in air samples collected from both active and extinguished fires.In-field results were confirmed using conventional laboratory-based air sampling and analysis procedures.The deployment of portable instrumentation could provide first responders with a rapid on-site assessment tool for the appropriate management of scenes,thereby ensuring environmental and human health is proactively protected and scientifically informed decisions are made for the provision of timely advice to stakeholders.展开更多
Using molecular geochemical data from infrared spectrometer and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, this paper investigates the petroleum generation characteristics of Jurassic coal measures from Kuche dep...Using molecular geochemical data from infrared spectrometer and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, this paper investigates the petroleum generation characteristics of Jurassic coal measures from Kuche depression, Tarim Basin, NW China. The results showed that the Jurassic coaly rocks with medium maturity (R0%: 0.8-1.1) were enriched in gas-prone functionalities (-CH3) and low molecular weight pyrolysates (【nC21), indicating that the coaly rocks from Kuche depression were gas/condensate prone at the stages of middle to high maturation, and it was further supported by the oil/source correlation from well Yinan 2 in this region.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate bioactive compounds responsible for antifungal activity from seaweeds of Okha coast,Western India.Methods:Each species were extracted with different solvents with increasing polarity:hexane,ethyl...Objective:To evaluate bioactive compounds responsible for antifungal activity from seaweeds of Okha coast,Western India.Methods:Each species were extracted with different solvents with increasing polarity:hexane,ethyl acetate,chloroform and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus.The antifungal activity was determined by agar diffusion plate method by using fluconazole,ketoconazole and amphotericin B as standards.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis was done for identification of bioactive compounds present in crude extract.Results:The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis of all the extracts revealed the presence of steroids,fatty acids and esters compounds.Among the three species,the maximum crude extract yield(53.46%)and the largest inhibition zone(36 mm)were recorded in methanol extract of Ulva lactuca,whereas the minimum crude extract yield and inhibition zone were recorded in chloroform extract of the same species as 0.5%and 10 mm,respectively.Methanol and ethyl acetate extract showed the maximum antifungal activity and the major important compounds like steroids,fatty acids and esters were detected with higher amount in all the extracts.Conclusions:The present study revealed that the different seaweed extracts showed moderate to significant antifungal activity against the strains tested as compared with the standard fungicides,and polar solvents methanol and ethyl acetate were comparatively efficient for extraction of different metabolites that are responsible for antifungal activity.展开更多
Objective:To determine the phytochemicals,total saponin content and types of saponin present in leaf extracts of Cassytha filiformis.Methods:The leaves were extracted with n-hexane and methanol.The methanol extract wa...Objective:To determine the phytochemicals,total saponin content and types of saponin present in leaf extracts of Cassytha filiformis.Methods:The leaves were extracted with n-hexane and methanol.The methanol extract was fractionated.The total saponin content of the butanol fraction was determined by colorimetry via a UV spectrophotometer and ginsenoside was used as the standard.Measurements were carried out at 550 nm.The butanol fraction was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis.Results:All screened phytochemicals were absent in the n-hexane extract while saponins,steroids,tannins and glycosides were present in the methanol extract.Flavonoids and alkaloids were absent.The total saponin content of the methanol extract is 73.47μg ginsenoside Rb1 equivalent/g extract.The chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis gave eicosanoic acid,methyl ester as the most abundant compound and the steroidal saponin,cholestan-7-one and cyclic 1,2-ethanedienyl acetal as the most abundant saponin in the butanol fraction.Conclusions:The leaves of Cassytha filiformis are rich in steroidal saponins.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the phytochemicals that are present in two medicinal plants which are used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.Methods:The plant leaves were e...Objective:To analyze the phytochemicals that are present in two medicinal plants which are used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.Methods:The plant leaves were extracted with n-hexane and methanol separately.Both extracts were analyzed for present phytochemicals using the method described by Harborne,1985 while only methanol extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis.Results:Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts of Terminalia macroptera(T.macroptera)revealed the presence of glycosides,tannins,flavonoids,saponins and steroids while that of Dioclea reflexa(D.reflexa)showed the presence of flavonoids,saponins and steroids.The n-hexane extracts were devoid of the screened phytochemicals.Twelve and twenty-five compounds were identified in the leaves of T.macroptera and D.reflexa respectively.These compounds were fatty acids,fatty acid esters,other esters,heterocyclics and phenolics.The most abundant compound in T.macroptera was benzenetriol(53.30%)while the predominant compounds in D.reflexa were dodecanoic acid,methyl ester(15.31%),5,5,8a-trimethyl-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-chromene(9.73%),10-octadecenoic acid,methyl ester and 2-hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester(8.95%).Benzofuran,2,3-dihydro,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester were common in both plant extracts.The antimicrobial properties of the leaves of these plants could be responsible for their use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.Conclusions:Some of the identified phytochemicals in the plant leaves are responsible for its use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.展开更多
Objective:To determine the antibacterial and anti-candidal activities of fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)extracted from marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata and evaluate the inhibition activity of DNA isolated from ...Objective:To determine the antibacterial and anti-candidal activities of fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)extracted from marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata and evaluate the inhibition activity of DNA isolated from test pathogenic microorganism.Methods:FAME was synthesized by transesterification of oil using immobilized lipase and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.The FAME profile was determined using gas chromatography.The antimicrobial effect was tested by disc diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and yeast Candida albicans,at varying concentrations of 10,20 and 30μL/disc.Results:The results shown that palmitic acid(C16:0),oleic acid(C18:1)and arachidic acid(C20:0)were dominant in Nannochloropsis oculata oil.The study revealed that FAME was more active against Gram-negative than against Gram-positive and yeast.DNA inhibition activity results also confirmed that FAME had the bactericidal effect that was revealed by sheared fragments of DNA.Conclusions:The results indicated that microalgal FAME could be potentially utilized as a newer and good source of therapeutic agent in pharmaceutical industry.展开更多
Objective:To develop a characteristic fingerprint of the different chemical compounds of plant by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis and assess the effect of the cru...Objective:To develop a characteristic fingerprint of the different chemical compounds of plant by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis and assess the effect of the crude extract on histological changes induced in Naja nigricollis(N.nigricollis)envenomed albino rats.Methods:The coarsely powdered Waltheria indica(W.indica)whole plant material was extracted using 70%methanol.GC-MS analysis was carried out using a Shimadzu GC-MS QP 2010 plus system of gas chromatography interfaced to a mass spectrometer.The identification of components was based on National Institute of Standard and Technology-08 and Willey-8 libraries.Hydrogen-NMR spectra of the extracts was performed using Bruker Biospin Avance 400-MHz NMR spectrophotometer with a 5 mm broad inverse probe head,equipped with shielded z-gradient accessories and C-13 NMR hetero-nuclear single quantum correction was carried out using the Brucker’s standard pulse library.The efficacy of the crude extract of W.indica whole plant was tested and the lesions induced in the liver,brain and kidney of albino rats challenged with N.nigricollis were analyzed by light microscopy.Results:The identification of the bioactive compounds from W.indica by GC-MS analysis revealed 41 peaks.A total of 38 compounds were identified with majority having important pharmacological activities that included anti-microbial,anti-cancer,anti-oxidant antiinflammatory,anti-allergenic,anti-ageing,anti-arthritic,larvicidal,anti-convulsant and herbicidal activities.C-13 and hydrogen-NMR analysis of W.indica elucidated key bioactive compounds in the whole plant that were consistent with the classes of bioactive compounds detected by GC-MS analysis.The efficacy of the crude extract of W.indica whole plant in ameliorating histopathological lesions induced in the liver,brain and kidney of albino rats challenged with N.nigricollis venom revealed the abrogation of tissue degeneration when compared with the experimental control group.Conclusions:The present study identified an array of bioactive compounds present in W.indica and reported their ethno-botanical uses in the treatment of a wide range of medical exigencies and showed scientific evidence of the detoxification of N.nigricollis venom by W.indica.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the bioactive components of a coastal medicinal plant,Hyptis suaveolens(L.)Poit.(H.suaveolens)leaves using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-M...Objective:To investigate the bioactive components of a coastal medicinal plant,Hyptis suaveolens(L.)Poit.(H.suaveolens)leaves using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS).Methods:The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of whole plant of H.suaveolens was investigated using PerkinElmer GC-MS,while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology library.Results:The results of fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of secondary alcohols,phenols,alkanes,alkynes,aromatics,nitro compounds and aliphatic compounds.GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the existence of 30 phytochemical compounds.5,5-Dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-diamine(20.35%)was found to be the major compound.Conclusions:The results of this study offer a platform to use H.suaveolens leaves as herbal alternative for various diseases.展开更多
基金This project has been assisted by the New South Wales Government through its Environmental Trust[grant number 2015/RD/0156].
文摘Recent advancements in person-portable instrumentation have resulted in the potential to provide contemporaneous results through rapid in-field analyses.These technologies can be utilised in emergency response scenarios to aid first responders in appropriate site risk assessment and management.Large metropolitan fires can pose great risk to human and environmental health due to the rapid release of hazardous compounds into the atmosphere.Understanding the release of these hazardous organics is critical in understanding their associated risks.Person-portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was evaluated for its potential to provide rapid on-site analysis for real-time monitoring of hazardous organic compounds at fire scenes.Air sampling and analysis methods were developed for scenes of this nature.Controlled field testing demonstrated that the portable GC-MS was able to provide preliminary analytical results on the volatile organic compounds present in air samples collected from both active and extinguished fires.In-field results were confirmed using conventional laboratory-based air sampling and analysis procedures.The deployment of portable instrumentation could provide first responders with a rapid on-site assessment tool for the appropriate management of scenes,thereby ensuring environmental and human health is proactively protected and scientifically informed decisions are made for the provision of timely advice to stakeholders.
文摘Using molecular geochemical data from infrared spectrometer and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, this paper investigates the petroleum generation characteristics of Jurassic coal measures from Kuche depression, Tarim Basin, NW China. The results showed that the Jurassic coaly rocks with medium maturity (R0%: 0.8-1.1) were enriched in gas-prone functionalities (-CH3) and low molecular weight pyrolysates (【nC21), indicating that the coaly rocks from Kuche depression were gas/condensate prone at the stages of middle to high maturation, and it was further supported by the oil/source correlation from well Yinan 2 in this region.
基金Supported by University Grant Commission(UGC-F No.42-415),New Delhi,India.
文摘Objective:To evaluate bioactive compounds responsible for antifungal activity from seaweeds of Okha coast,Western India.Methods:Each species were extracted with different solvents with increasing polarity:hexane,ethyl acetate,chloroform and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus.The antifungal activity was determined by agar diffusion plate method by using fluconazole,ketoconazole and amphotericin B as standards.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis was done for identification of bioactive compounds present in crude extract.Results:The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis of all the extracts revealed the presence of steroids,fatty acids and esters compounds.Among the three species,the maximum crude extract yield(53.46%)and the largest inhibition zone(36 mm)were recorded in methanol extract of Ulva lactuca,whereas the minimum crude extract yield and inhibition zone were recorded in chloroform extract of the same species as 0.5%and 10 mm,respectively.Methanol and ethyl acetate extract showed the maximum antifungal activity and the major important compounds like steroids,fatty acids and esters were detected with higher amount in all the extracts.Conclusions:The present study revealed that the different seaweed extracts showed moderate to significant antifungal activity against the strains tested as compared with the standard fungicides,and polar solvents methanol and ethyl acetate were comparatively efficient for extraction of different metabolites that are responsible for antifungal activity.
文摘Objective:To determine the phytochemicals,total saponin content and types of saponin present in leaf extracts of Cassytha filiformis.Methods:The leaves were extracted with n-hexane and methanol.The methanol extract was fractionated.The total saponin content of the butanol fraction was determined by colorimetry via a UV spectrophotometer and ginsenoside was used as the standard.Measurements were carried out at 550 nm.The butanol fraction was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis.Results:All screened phytochemicals were absent in the n-hexane extract while saponins,steroids,tannins and glycosides were present in the methanol extract.Flavonoids and alkaloids were absent.The total saponin content of the methanol extract is 73.47μg ginsenoside Rb1 equivalent/g extract.The chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis gave eicosanoic acid,methyl ester as the most abundant compound and the steroidal saponin,cholestan-7-one and cyclic 1,2-ethanedienyl acetal as the most abundant saponin in the butanol fraction.Conclusions:The leaves of Cassytha filiformis are rich in steroidal saponins.
文摘Objective:To analyze the phytochemicals that are present in two medicinal plants which are used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.Methods:The plant leaves were extracted with n-hexane and methanol separately.Both extracts were analyzed for present phytochemicals using the method described by Harborne,1985 while only methanol extracts were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis.Results:Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts of Terminalia macroptera(T.macroptera)revealed the presence of glycosides,tannins,flavonoids,saponins and steroids while that of Dioclea reflexa(D.reflexa)showed the presence of flavonoids,saponins and steroids.The n-hexane extracts were devoid of the screened phytochemicals.Twelve and twenty-five compounds were identified in the leaves of T.macroptera and D.reflexa respectively.These compounds were fatty acids,fatty acid esters,other esters,heterocyclics and phenolics.The most abundant compound in T.macroptera was benzenetriol(53.30%)while the predominant compounds in D.reflexa were dodecanoic acid,methyl ester(15.31%),5,5,8a-trimethyl-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-chromene(9.73%),10-octadecenoic acid,methyl ester and 2-hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester(8.95%).Benzofuran,2,3-dihydro,3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and hexadecanoic acid,methyl ester were common in both plant extracts.The antimicrobial properties of the leaves of these plants could be responsible for their use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.Conclusions:Some of the identified phytochemicals in the plant leaves are responsible for its use in the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
基金Supported by University Grants Commission,New Delhi,India.
文摘Objective:To determine the antibacterial and anti-candidal activities of fatty acid methyl esters(FAME)extracted from marine microalga Nannochloropsis oculata and evaluate the inhibition activity of DNA isolated from test pathogenic microorganism.Methods:FAME was synthesized by transesterification of oil using immobilized lipase and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.The FAME profile was determined using gas chromatography.The antimicrobial effect was tested by disc diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and yeast Candida albicans,at varying concentrations of 10,20 and 30μL/disc.Results:The results shown that palmitic acid(C16:0),oleic acid(C18:1)and arachidic acid(C20:0)were dominant in Nannochloropsis oculata oil.The study revealed that FAME was more active against Gram-negative than against Gram-positive and yeast.DNA inhibition activity results also confirmed that FAME had the bactericidal effect that was revealed by sheared fragments of DNA.Conclusions:The results indicated that microalgal FAME could be potentially utilized as a newer and good source of therapeutic agent in pharmaceutical industry.
文摘Objective:To develop a characteristic fingerprint of the different chemical compounds of plant by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)analysis and assess the effect of the crude extract on histological changes induced in Naja nigricollis(N.nigricollis)envenomed albino rats.Methods:The coarsely powdered Waltheria indica(W.indica)whole plant material was extracted using 70%methanol.GC-MS analysis was carried out using a Shimadzu GC-MS QP 2010 plus system of gas chromatography interfaced to a mass spectrometer.The identification of components was based on National Institute of Standard and Technology-08 and Willey-8 libraries.Hydrogen-NMR spectra of the extracts was performed using Bruker Biospin Avance 400-MHz NMR spectrophotometer with a 5 mm broad inverse probe head,equipped with shielded z-gradient accessories and C-13 NMR hetero-nuclear single quantum correction was carried out using the Brucker’s standard pulse library.The efficacy of the crude extract of W.indica whole plant was tested and the lesions induced in the liver,brain and kidney of albino rats challenged with N.nigricollis were analyzed by light microscopy.Results:The identification of the bioactive compounds from W.indica by GC-MS analysis revealed 41 peaks.A total of 38 compounds were identified with majority having important pharmacological activities that included anti-microbial,anti-cancer,anti-oxidant antiinflammatory,anti-allergenic,anti-ageing,anti-arthritic,larvicidal,anti-convulsant and herbicidal activities.C-13 and hydrogen-NMR analysis of W.indica elucidated key bioactive compounds in the whole plant that were consistent with the classes of bioactive compounds detected by GC-MS analysis.The efficacy of the crude extract of W.indica whole plant in ameliorating histopathological lesions induced in the liver,brain and kidney of albino rats challenged with N.nigricollis venom revealed the abrogation of tissue degeneration when compared with the experimental control group.Conclusions:The present study identified an array of bioactive compounds present in W.indica and reported their ethno-botanical uses in the treatment of a wide range of medical exigencies and showed scientific evidence of the detoxification of N.nigricollis venom by W.indica.
文摘Objective:To investigate the bioactive components of a coastal medicinal plant,Hyptis suaveolens(L.)Poit.(H.suaveolens)leaves using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS).Methods:The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of whole plant of H.suaveolens was investigated using PerkinElmer GC-MS,while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology library.Results:The results of fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of secondary alcohols,phenols,alkanes,alkynes,aromatics,nitro compounds and aliphatic compounds.GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the existence of 30 phytochemical compounds.5,5-Dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-diamine(20.35%)was found to be the major compound.Conclusions:The results of this study offer a platform to use H.suaveolens leaves as herbal alternative for various diseases.
