The plasma shape and other paremeters such as /3P, li is important for the tokamak deveice where the plasma has a non-circular cross-section of sufficient elongation. The measuered signals of magnetic probes and flux ...The plasma shape and other paremeters such as /3P, li is important for the tokamak deveice where the plasma has a non-circular cross-section of sufficient elongation. The measuered signals of magnetic probes and flux loops are used to reconstruct the plasma shape and the current profile in device operation and plasma shape feed back control system. So the number and positions of magnetic probes and flux loops provides the basis of the plasma reconstruction. This paper instroduce how to use EFIT code (equilibrium fitting code) to determine the number and positions of the magnetic probes and flux loops. The simulation result is given also.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The prognostic factors related to lymph node involvement [lymph node status, the number of positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR)] and the number of nodes evaluated in patients with pancreatic ade...BACKGROUND: The prognostic factors related to lymph node involvement [lymph node status, the number of positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR)] and the number of nodes evaluated in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy are poorly defined. METHODS: A total of 167 patients who had undergone resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from February 2010 to August 2011 were included in this study. Histological examination was performed to evaluate the tumor differentiation and lymph node involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses were made to determine the relationship between the variables related to nodal involvement and the number of nodes and survival. RESULTS: The median number of total nodes examined was 10 (range 0-44) for the entire cohort. The median number of total nodes examined in node-negative (pN0) patients was similar to that in node-positive (pN1) patients. Patients with pN1 diseases had significantly worse survival than those with pN0 ones (P=0.000). Patients with three or more positive nodes had a poorer prognosis compared with those with the negative nodes (P=0.000). The prognosis of the patients with negative nodes was similar to that of those with one to two positive nodes (P=0.114). The median survival of patients with an LNR ≥0.4 was shorter than that of patients with an LNR 〈0.4 in the pN1 cohort (P=0.014). No significance was found between the number of total nodes examined and the prognosis, regardless of the cutoff of 10 or 12 and in the entire cohort or the pN0 and pN1 groups. Based on the multivariate analysis of the entire cohort and the pN1 group, the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR were all associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR can serve as comprehensive factors for the evaluation of nodal involvement. This approach may be more effective for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy.展开更多
In this paper, we give out the formula of number of primes no more than any given n (n ∈ Z<sup>+</sup>, n > 2). At the same time, we also show the principle, derivation process of the formula and appli...In this paper, we give out the formula of number of primes no more than any given n (n ∈ Z<sup>+</sup>, n > 2). At the same time, we also show the principle, derivation process of the formula and application examples, it is usually marked with π(n), which is: that is: where “[ ]” denotes taking integer. r = 1,2,3,4,5,6;s<sub>x</sub> = s<sub>1</sub>,s<sub>2</sub>,...,s<sub>j</sub>,s<sub>h</sub>;s1</sub>,s2</sub>,...,s<sub>j</sub>,,s<sub>h </sub><sub>= 0,1,2,3,....</sub>As i ≥ 2, 2 ≤ s<sub>x </sub>≤ i-1 (x=1,2,...,j,h).展开更多
Selecting the optimal reference satellite is an important component of high-precision relat/ve positioning because the reference satellite directly influences the strength of the normal equation. The reference satelli...Selecting the optimal reference satellite is an important component of high-precision relat/ve positioning because the reference satellite directly influences the strength of the normal equation. The reference satellite selection methods based on elevation and positional dilution of precision (PDOP) value were compared. Results show that all the above methods cannot select the optimal reference satellite. We introduce condition number of the design matrix in the reference satellite selection method to improve structure of the normal equation, because condition number can indicate the ill condition of the normal equation. The experimental results show that the new method can improve positioning accuracy and reliability in precise relative positioning.展开更多
The thermodynamic properties of xanthone(XTH) and 135 polybrominated xanthones(PBXTHs) in the standard state have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using Gaussian 03 program.The isodesmic reactions were d...The thermodynamic properties of xanthone(XTH) and 135 polybrominated xanthones(PBXTHs) in the standard state have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using Gaussian 03 program.The isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation(△fHθ) and standard free energy of formation(△fGθ) of PBXTH congeners.The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of Br atom substitution(NPBS) were discussed,and it was found that there exist high correlation between thermodynamic parameters(entropy(Sθ),△fHθ and △fGθ) and NPBS.According to the relative magnitude of their △fGθ,the relative stability order of PBXTH congeners was theoretically proposed.The relative rate constants of formation reactions of PBXTH congeners were calculated,Moreover,the values of molar heat capacity at constant pressure(Cp,m) from 200 to 1000 K for PBXTH congeners were also calculated,and the temperature dependence relation of them was obtained,suggesting very good relationships between Cp,m and temperature(T,T^1 and T^2) for almost all PBXTH congeners.展开更多
The structural and thermodynamic (PCTAs) in the ideal gas state at 298.15 K and 1.013 properties of 75 polychlorinated thianthrenes ×10^5 Pa have been calculated at the B3LYP/6- 31G* level using Gaussian 98 pr...The structural and thermodynamic (PCTAs) in the ideal gas state at 298.15 K and 1.013 properties of 75 polychlorinated thianthrenes ×10^5 Pa have been calculated at the B3LYP/6- 31G* level using Gaussian 98 program. Based on the output data of Gaussian, the isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate standard enthalpy of formation (△fH^θ) and standard free energy of formation (△fH^θ) of PCTAs congeners. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of C1 atom substitution (Npcs) were discussed, and it was found that there exists high correlation between thermodynamic parameters (total energy (TE), zero-point vibrational energy (ZPE), thermal correction to energy (Eth), heat capacity at constant volume (Cv^θ), entropy (S^θ), enthalpy (H^θ), free energy (G^θ), standard enthalpies of formation (△fH^θ) and standard Gibbs energies of formation (△fG^θ)) and Npcs. On the basis of the relative magnitude of their △fG^θ, the order of relative stability of PCTA congeners was theoretically proposed. In addition, the correlations between structural parameters and Npcs were also discussed. The good correlations were found between molecular average polarizability (α), energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), molecular volume (Vm) and Npcs, and all R^2 values are larger than 0.95. Moreover, it was supposed that the isomer groups with higher toxicity should be Tri-CTA and TCTA.展开更多
The complex geographical environment in China makes its gravity signals miscellaneous.This work gives a comprehensive representation and explanation in secular trend of gravity change in different regions,the key feat...The complex geographical environment in China makes its gravity signals miscellaneous.This work gives a comprehensive representation and explanation in secular trend of gravity change in different regions,the key features of which include positive trend in inner Tibet Plateau and South China and negative trend in North China plain and high mountain Asia(HMA).We also present the patterns of amplitudes and phases of annual and semiannual change.The mechanism underlying the semiannual period is explicitly discussed.The displacement in three directions expressed in terms of geo-potential spherical coefficients and load Love numbers are given.A case study applied with these equations is presented.The results show that Global Positioning System(GPS) observations can be used to compare with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) derived displacement and the vertical direction has a signal-noise-ratio of about one order of magnitude larger than the horizontal directions.展开更多
With the B3LYP calculation method of density functional theory(DFT)and the 6-31G* basis set,full optimization calculation was made for phenoxathiin10-oxide(PTO)and 135 polybromine phenoxathiin 10-oxides(PBPTOs)...With the B3LYP calculation method of density functional theory(DFT)and the 6-31G* basis set,full optimization calculation was made for phenoxathiin10-oxide(PTO)and 135 polybromine phenoxathiin 10-oxides(PBPTOs)with the Gaussian 03 program and molar heat capacity in constant volume(CVθ)value of each molecule in the standard state was obtained.The relation between CVθ and the substitution position and number of bromine atom(NPBS)was studied,and the results indicated good correlation(R2 = 1.000)between CVθ and NPBS of PBPTO compounds.Based on the output file of Gaussian 03 program,molar heat capacity at constant pressure(Cp,m)of PBPTO compounds from 200 to 1,000 K was calculated with the statistical thermodynamics program,and the correlation equation between Cp,m and temperature(T,T-1 and T-2)was obtained with the least-squares method,and the correlation coefficient of the correlation equation(R2)was 1.000.In addition,based on the partition function of each molecule calculated by vibration analysis,the relative rate constant of formation of each molecule was calculated.展开更多
The thermodynamic properties of 135 polychlorinated phenothiazines (PCPTZs) in the standard state are calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B...The thermodynamic properties of 135 polychlorinated phenothiazines (PCPTZs) in the standard state are calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B3LYP/6-311G^** level, and their octanol-water partition coefficients (logKow) are calculated based on group contributions. The chlorine substitution pattern strongly influenced the thermodynamic properties and hydrophilicity of the compounds. The thermodynamic properties of congeners also depend on the chlorine substitution pattern. The effect of chlorine substitution pattern is quantitatively studied by considering the mmaber and position of Cl atom substitution (Npcs). The results show that the Npcs model may be used to predict the thermodynamic properties and hydrophilicity for all 135 PCPTZ congeners.展开更多
基金The project supported by the National Meg-Science Engineering Project of the Chinese Government
文摘The plasma shape and other paremeters such as /3P, li is important for the tokamak deveice where the plasma has a non-circular cross-section of sufficient elongation. The measuered signals of magnetic probes and flux loops are used to reconstruct the plasma shape and the current profile in device operation and plasma shape feed back control system. So the number and positions of magnetic probes and flux loops provides the basis of the plasma reconstruction. This paper instroduce how to use EFIT code (equilibrium fitting code) to determine the number and positions of the magnetic probes and flux loops. The simulation result is given also.
基金supported in part by grants from the Sino-German Center (GZ857)Science Foundation of Shanghai (13ZR1407500)+2 种基金Shanghai Rising Star Program (12QH1400600 and 14QA1400900)Fudan University Young Investigator Promoting Program (20520133403)the National Science Foundation of China (81101807, 81001058, 81372649, 81372653 and 81172276)
文摘BACKGROUND: The prognostic factors related to lymph node involvement [lymph node status, the number of positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR)] and the number of nodes evaluated in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy are poorly defined. METHODS: A total of 167 patients who had undergone resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from February 2010 to August 2011 were included in this study. Histological examination was performed to evaluate the tumor differentiation and lymph node involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses were made to determine the relationship between the variables related to nodal involvement and the number of nodes and survival. RESULTS: The median number of total nodes examined was 10 (range 0-44) for the entire cohort. The median number of total nodes examined in node-negative (pN0) patients was similar to that in node-positive (pN1) patients. Patients with pN1 diseases had significantly worse survival than those with pN0 ones (P=0.000). Patients with three or more positive nodes had a poorer prognosis compared with those with the negative nodes (P=0.000). The prognosis of the patients with negative nodes was similar to that of those with one to two positive nodes (P=0.114). The median survival of patients with an LNR ≥0.4 was shorter than that of patients with an LNR 〈0.4 in the pN1 cohort (P=0.014). No significance was found between the number of total nodes examined and the prognosis, regardless of the cutoff of 10 or 12 and in the entire cohort or the pN0 and pN1 groups. Based on the multivariate analysis of the entire cohort and the pN1 group, the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR were all associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR can serve as comprehensive factors for the evaluation of nodal involvement. This approach may be more effective for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy.
文摘In this paper, we give out the formula of number of primes no more than any given n (n ∈ Z<sup>+</sup>, n > 2). At the same time, we also show the principle, derivation process of the formula and application examples, it is usually marked with π(n), which is: that is: where “[ ]” denotes taking integer. r = 1,2,3,4,5,6;s<sub>x</sub> = s<sub>1</sub>,s<sub>2</sub>,...,s<sub>j</sub>,s<sub>h</sub>;s1</sub>,s2</sub>,...,s<sub>j</sub>,,s<sub>h </sub><sub>= 0,1,2,3,....</sub>As i ≥ 2, 2 ≤ s<sub>x </sub>≤ i-1 (x=1,2,...,j,h).
基金partially sponsored by the National 973 Project of China(2013CB733303)partially supported by the postgraduate independent exploration project of Central South University(2014zzts249)
文摘Selecting the optimal reference satellite is an important component of high-precision relat/ve positioning because the reference satellite directly influences the strength of the normal equation. The reference satellite selection methods based on elevation and positional dilution of precision (PDOP) value were compared. Results show that all the above methods cannot select the optimal reference satellite. We introduce condition number of the design matrix in the reference satellite selection method to improve structure of the normal equation, because condition number can indicate the ill condition of the normal equation. The experimental results show that the new method can improve positioning accuracy and reliability in precise relative positioning.
基金Supported by the NNSFC (20737001, 20977046)NSF of Zhejiang Province (2008Y507280)
文摘The thermodynamic properties of xanthone(XTH) and 135 polybrominated xanthones(PBXTHs) in the standard state have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using Gaussian 03 program.The isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard enthalpy of formation(△fHθ) and standard free energy of formation(△fGθ) of PBXTH congeners.The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of Br atom substitution(NPBS) were discussed,and it was found that there exist high correlation between thermodynamic parameters(entropy(Sθ),△fHθ and △fGθ) and NPBS.According to the relative magnitude of their △fGθ,the relative stability order of PBXTH congeners was theoretically proposed.The relative rate constants of formation reactions of PBXTH congeners were calculated,Moreover,the values of molar heat capacity at constant pressure(Cp,m) from 200 to 1000 K for PBXTH congeners were also calculated,and the temperature dependence relation of them was obtained,suggesting very good relationships between Cp,m and temperature(T,T^1 and T^2) for almost all PBXTH congeners.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20737001 and 20477018)
文摘The structural and thermodynamic (PCTAs) in the ideal gas state at 298.15 K and 1.013 properties of 75 polychlorinated thianthrenes ×10^5 Pa have been calculated at the B3LYP/6- 31G* level using Gaussian 98 program. Based on the output data of Gaussian, the isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate standard enthalpy of formation (△fH^θ) and standard free energy of formation (△fH^θ) of PCTAs congeners. The relations of these thermodynamic parameters with the number and position of C1 atom substitution (Npcs) were discussed, and it was found that there exists high correlation between thermodynamic parameters (total energy (TE), zero-point vibrational energy (ZPE), thermal correction to energy (Eth), heat capacity at constant volume (Cv^θ), entropy (S^θ), enthalpy (H^θ), free energy (G^θ), standard enthalpies of formation (△fH^θ) and standard Gibbs energies of formation (△fG^θ)) and Npcs. On the basis of the relative magnitude of their △fG^θ, the order of relative stability of PCTA congeners was theoretically proposed. In addition, the correlations between structural parameters and Npcs were also discussed. The good correlations were found between molecular average polarizability (α), energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (EHOMO), molecular volume (Vm) and Npcs, and all R^2 values are larger than 0.95. Moreover, it was supposed that the isomer groups with higher toxicity should be Tri-CTA and TCTA.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41174063,41331066 and41474059)the CAS/CAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams(KZZD-EW-TZ-19)the SKLGED Foundation(2014-1-1-E)
文摘The complex geographical environment in China makes its gravity signals miscellaneous.This work gives a comprehensive representation and explanation in secular trend of gravity change in different regions,the key features of which include positive trend in inner Tibet Plateau and South China and negative trend in North China plain and high mountain Asia(HMA).We also present the patterns of amplitudes and phases of annual and semiannual change.The mechanism underlying the semiannual period is explicitly discussed.The displacement in three directions expressed in terms of geo-potential spherical coefficients and load Love numbers are given.A case study applied with these equations is presented.The results show that Global Positioning System(GPS) observations can be used to compare with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) derived displacement and the vertical direction has a signal-noise-ratio of about one order of magnitude larger than the horizontal directions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071319,20977046 and 20737001)
文摘With the B3LYP calculation method of density functional theory(DFT)and the 6-31G* basis set,full optimization calculation was made for phenoxathiin10-oxide(PTO)and 135 polybromine phenoxathiin 10-oxides(PBPTOs)with the Gaussian 03 program and molar heat capacity in constant volume(CVθ)value of each molecule in the standard state was obtained.The relation between CVθ and the substitution position and number of bromine atom(NPBS)was studied,and the results indicated good correlation(R2 = 1.000)between CVθ and NPBS of PBPTO compounds.Based on the output file of Gaussian 03 program,molar heat capacity at constant pressure(Cp,m)of PBPTO compounds from 200 to 1,000 K was calculated with the statistical thermodynamics program,and the correlation equation between Cp,m and temperature(T,T-1 and T-2)was obtained with the least-squares method,and the correlation coefficient of the correlation equation(R2)was 1.000.In addition,based on the partition function of each molecule calculated by vibration analysis,the relative rate constant of formation of each molecule was calculated.
文摘The thermodynamic properties of 135 polychlorinated phenothiazines (PCPTZs) in the standard state are calculated using a combination of quantum mechanical computations performed with the Gaussian 03 program at the B3LYP/6-311G^** level, and their octanol-water partition coefficients (logKow) are calculated based on group contributions. The chlorine substitution pattern strongly influenced the thermodynamic properties and hydrophilicity of the compounds. The thermodynamic properties of congeners also depend on the chlorine substitution pattern. The effect of chlorine substitution pattern is quantitatively studied by considering the mmaber and position of Cl atom substitution (Npcs). The results show that the Npcs model may be used to predict the thermodynamic properties and hydrophilicity for all 135 PCPTZ congeners.