When one end of an air-dry igneous rock block was uniaxially loaded in laboratory, there appeared an electromotive force that made electric currents flow from the stressed volume to the unstressed volume. Quartz-free ...When one end of an air-dry igneous rock block was uniaxially loaded in laboratory, there appeared an electromotive force that made electric currents flow from the stressed volume to the unstressed volume. Quartz-free rocks such as gabbro also generated this force, stronger than quartz-bearing rocks such as granite. This indicates that the piezoelectric effect of quartz and the electrokinetic effect of pore water do not make a large contribution toward generating the electromotive force. We focus on peroxy bond that is one of the abundant lattice defects in igneous rock-forming minerals. When mechanical loading deforms the lattice structure around this defect and breaks its bond, its energy levels change and act like an accepter. As an electron is trapped at this defect from a neighbor 02- site, a positive hole is activated there. They attempt to diffuse toward the unstressed volume through the valence band and are simultaneously affected by the attractive electric force with the electrons trapped in peroxy bonds. This leads to a polarization in the stressed volume and the generation of electromotive force between the stressed and unstressed volumes. Similar electromotive force may be generated in the Earth＇s crust where inhomogeneous stress/strain is changing.展开更多
The special features of photonic crystal fibres（PCFs）are achieved by their air hole structures.PCF structure is determined and formed by its origin preform design and drawing process.Therefore,structure formation dy...The special features of photonic crystal fibres（PCFs）are achieved by their air hole structures.PCF structure is determined and formed by its origin preform design and drawing process.Therefore,structure formation dynamics in drawing PCF is important for the fabrication of PCF achieving desirable structure and thus the intended feature.This paper will investigate structure formation dynamics of PCF drawing in relation to key parameters and conditions,such as hole dimension,temperature,pressure,etc.展开更多
基金partially supported by"Observation and Research Program for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions"of the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan,"FY2010 Research Incentive Assistance Program"of Educational System General Research Organization,Tokai University"Individual Research Projects"of Institute of Oceanic Development of Science and Technology,Tokai University
文摘When one end of an air-dry igneous rock block was uniaxially loaded in laboratory, there appeared an electromotive force that made electric currents flow from the stressed volume to the unstressed volume. Quartz-free rocks such as gabbro also generated this force, stronger than quartz-bearing rocks such as granite. This indicates that the piezoelectric effect of quartz and the electrokinetic effect of pore water do not make a large contribution toward generating the electromotive force. We focus on peroxy bond that is one of the abundant lattice defects in igneous rock-forming minerals. When mechanical loading deforms the lattice structure around this defect and breaks its bond, its energy levels change and act like an accepter. As an electron is trapped at this defect from a neighbor 02- site, a positive hole is activated there. They attempt to diffuse toward the unstressed volume through the valence band and are simultaneously affected by the attractive electric force with the electrons trapped in peroxy bonds. This leads to a polarization in the stressed volume and the generation of electromotive force between the stressed and unstressed volumes. Similar electromotive force may be generated in the Earth＇s crust where inhomogeneous stress/strain is changing.
文摘The special features of photonic crystal fibres（PCFs）are achieved by their air hole structures.PCF structure is determined and formed by its origin preform design and drawing process.Therefore,structure formation dynamics in drawing PCF is important for the fabrication of PCF achieving desirable structure and thus the intended feature.This paper will investigate structure formation dynamics of PCF drawing in relation to key parameters and conditions,such as hole dimension,temperature,pressure,etc.
