Is the Higgs Field a Positive and Negative Mass Planckion Condensate, and Does the LHC Produce Extreme Dark Energy?

Assuming a two-component, positive and negative mass, superfluid/supersolid for space (the Winterberg model), we model the Higgs field as a condensate made up of a positive and a negative mass, planckion pair. The connection is shown to be consistent (compatible) with the underlying field equations for each field, and the continuity equation is satisfied for both species of planckions, as well as for the Higgs field. An inherent length scale for space (the vacuum) emerges, which we estimate from previous work to be of the order of, l+ (0) = l- (0) = 5.032E-19 meters, for an undisturbed (unperturbed) vacuum. Thus we assume a lattice structure for space, made up of overlapping positive and negative mass wave functions, ψ+, and, ψ-, which together bind to form the Higgs field, giving it its rest mass of 125.35 Gev/c2 with a coherence length equal to its Compton wavelength. If the vacuum experiences an extreme disturbance, such as in a LHC pp collision, it is conjectured that severe dark energy results, on a localized level, with a partial disintegration of the Higgs force field in the surrounding space. The Higgs boson as a quantum excitation in this field results when the vacuum reestablishes itself, within 10-22 seconds, with positive and negative planckion mass number densities equalizing in the disturbed region. Using our fundamental equation relating the Higgs field, φ, to the planckion ψ+ and ψ- wave functions, we calculate the overall vacuum pressure (equal to vacuum energy density), as well as typical ψ+ and ψ- displacements from equilibrium within the vacuum.

Quantum Entanglement: Where Dark Energy and Negative Gravity plus Accelerated Expansion of the Universe Comes from

Dark energy is shown to be the absolute value of the negative kinetic energy of the halo-like quantum wave modeled mathematically by the empty set in a five dimensional Kaluza-Klein (K-K) spacetime. Ordinary or position energy of the particle on the other hand is the dual of dark energy and is contained in the dynamic of the quantum particle modeled by the zero set in the same five dimensional K-K spacetime. The sum of both dark energy of the wave and the ordinary energy of the particle is exactly equal to the energy given by the well known formula of Einstein E=mc2 which is set in a four dimensional spacetime. Various interpretations of the results are presented and discussed based on the three fundamental energy density equations developed. In particular where E is the energy, m is the mass and c is the speed of light, is Hardy’s quantum entanglement and gives results in complete agreement with the cosmological measurements of WMAP and Supernova. On the other hand gives an intuitive explanation of negative gravity and the observed increased rate of cosmic expansion. Adding E (ordinary) to E (dark) one finds which as we mentioned above is Einstein’s famous relativity formula. We conclude that similar to the fact that the quantum wave interpreted generally as probability wave which is devoid of ordinary energy decides upon the location of a quantum particle, it also exerts a negative gravity effect on the cosmic scale of our clopen, i.e. closed and open universe. Analysis and conclusions are framed in a reader friendly manner in Figures 1-14 with detailed commentary.

Topological-Geometrical and Physical Interpretation of the Dark Energy of the Cosmos as a “Halo” Energy of the Schrödinger Quantum Wave

The paper concludes that the energy given by Einstein’s famous formula E = mc2 consists of two parts. The first part is the positive energy of the quantum particle modeled by the topology of the zero set. The second part is the absolute value of the negative energy of the quantum Schr?dinger wave modeled by the topology of the empty set. We reason that the latter is nothing else but the so called missing dark energy of the universe which accounts for 94.45% of the total energy, in full agreement with the WMAP and Supernova cosmic measurement which was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics. The dark energy of the quantum wave cannot be detected in the normal way because measurement collapses the quantum wave.

A New Interpretation of the Higgs Vacuum Potential Energy Based on a Planckion Composite Model for the Higgs

We present a new interpretation of the Higgs field as a composite particle made up of a positive, with, a negative mass Planck particle. According to the Winterberg hypothesis, space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of both positive and negative physical massive particles, which he called planckions, interacting through strong superfluid forces. In our composite model for the Higgs boson, there is an intrinsic length scale associated with the vacuum, different from the one introduced by Winterberg, where, when the vacuum is in a perfectly balanced state, the number density of positive Planck particles equals the number density of negative Planck particles. Due to the mass compensating effect, the vacuum thus appears massless, chargeless, without pressure, energy density, or entropy. However, a situation can arise where there is an effective mass density imbalance due to the two species of Planck particle not matching in terms of populations, within their respective excited energy states. This does not require the physical addition or removal of either positive or negative Planck particles, within a given region of space, as originally thought. Ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy can thus be given a new interpretation as residual vacuum energies within the context of a greater vacuum, where the populations of the positive and negative energy states exactly balance. In the present epoch, it is estimated that the dark energy number density imbalance amounts to, , per cubic meter, when cosmic distance scales in excess of, 100 Mpc, are considered. Compared to a strictly balanced vacuum, where we estimate that the positive, and the negative Planck number density, is of the order, 7.85E54 particles per cubic meter, the above is a very small perturbation. This slight imbalance, we argue, would dramatically alleviate, if not altogether eliminate, the long standing cosmological constant problem.

On the Cosmic Evolution of the Quantum Vacuum Using Two Variable G Models and Winterberg’s Thesis

We work within a Winterberg framework where space, i.e., the vacuum, consists of a two component superfluid/super-solid made up of a vast assembly (sea) of positive and negative mass Planck particles, called planckions. These material particles interact indirectly, and have very strong restoring forces keeping them a finite distance apart from each other within their respective species. Because of their mass compensating effect, the vacuum appears massless, charge-less, without pressure, net energy density or entropy. In addition, we consider two varying G models, where G, is Newton’s constant, and G-1, increases with an increase in cosmological time. We argue that there are at least two competing models for the quantum vacuum within such a framework. The first follows a strict extension of Winterberg’s model. This leads to nonsensible results, if G increases, going back in cosmological time, as the length scale inherent in such a model will not scale properly. The second model introduces a different length scale, which does scale properly, but keeps the mass of the Planck particle as, ± the Planck mass. Moreover we establish a connection between ordinary matter, dark matter, and dark energy, where all three mass densities within the Friedman equation must be interpreted as residual vacuum energies, which only surface, once aggregate matter has formed, at relatively low CMB temperatures. The symmetry of the vacuum will be shown to be broken, because of the different scaling laws, beginning with the formation of elementary particles. Much like waves on an ocean where positive and negative planckion mass densities effectively cancel each other out and form a zero vacuum energy density/zero vacuum pressure surface, these positive mass densities are very small perturbations (anomalies) about the mean. This greatly alleviates, i.e., minimizes the cosmological constant problem, a long standing problem associated with the vacuum.

合金钢自锁螺母振动试验失效分析及预防

结合生产实际及振动试验工况,从宏观裂纹、断口形貌、微观组织及显微硬度等方面对30CrMnSiA钢自锁螺母振动试验产生裂纹的成因进行了综合分析。结果表明:因操作人员变更定位销高度导致螺母直口部位产生台阶而形成应力,集中在内螺纹牙底形成裂纹源,当振动试验时产生疲劳裂纹。选用合适的定位销高度、采用正确加工工艺,能够有效地预防此类问题发生。

Dark Matter Creation and Anti-Gravity Acceleration of the Expanding Universe

Dark matter is identified as negative relative energy between quarks in proton and is generated in cold hydrogen gas with pressure gradient in gravitational field. Positive relative energy PRE can be generated between quarks in protons in cold hydrogen gas in outskirts of the universe. The mechanisms for such creation of dark matter and PRE are reviewed and updated in greater detail and clearer manner. The so-generated dark matter in a galaxy can account for the galaxy’s rotation curve. Star formation in this galaxy uses up the hydrogen atoms and thereby reduces its dark matter content. Dark matter created in intergalactic hydrogen gas can form filaments. In a hypothetical model of the universe, a hydrogen atom with a small amount of negative relative energy or dark matter at the outskirts of this universe can via collisions with other atoms turn into one with a small positive relative energy PRE. Once such a sign change takes place, gravitational attraction switches to anti-gravity repulsion unopposed by any pressure gradient. This leads to a “run away” hydrogen atom moving away from the mass center of the universe and provides a basic mechanism for the accelerating expansion of the universe. This theoretical expansion and the measured redshift data are both compatible with the conception of an acceleratingly expanding universe and complement each other. But they cannot verify each other directly because the present model has been constructed for purposes different from those of the measurements. But it can be shown that both approaches do support each other qualitatively under certain circumstances for small velocities. Dark matter and PRE in the present model are not foreign objects like WIMPs and dark energy-cosmological constant but can only be created in cold hydrogen gas in gravitational field. To achieve this, infrequent collisions among the hydrogen atoms must take place. Dark matter was created first and can eventually later evolve into PRE in the outskirts of the universe and in the intergalactic void. Dark matter and PRE will disappear if the hydrogen atom carrying them becomes ionized as in stars.

Feature of a Confined Positronium Negative Ion by a Spherical Parabolic Potential

The ground and three low-excited states of the positronium negative ion Confined by a spherical harmonic oscillator potential are studied employing the adiabatic hyperspherical approach method. Total energies are obtained as a function of the confined potential radii. We find that the confinement may cause accidental degeneracies between levels with different low-excited states and the inversion of the energy wlues.

A Study of a Confined Hydrogen Negative Ion

The ground and three low-excited states of the hydrogen negative ion confined by a spherical harmonic oscillator potential are studied employing the adiabatic hyperspherical approach method. Total energies are obtained as a function of the confined potential radii. We find that the confinement may cause accidental degeneracies between levels with different low-excited states and the inversion of the energy values.

Appearance of Negative Differential Conductivity in Graphene Nanoribbons at High-Harmonics

We theoretically study current dynamics of graphene nanoribbons subject to DC-AC driven fields. We show that graphene exhibits negative differential conductivity (NDC) at high-harmonics. NDC occurs in the neighborhood where a constant electric field is equal to amplitude of ac field. We also observe NDC at both even and odd harmonics and at wave mixing of two commensurate frequencies. The even harmonics are more pronounced than the odd harmonics. A possible use of the present method for generating terahertz frequencies at even harmonics in graphene is suggested.

HLS-Ⅱ直线加速器能量调节及应用

为了高效地对直线加速器输出束流能量进行调节,设计了合肥光源(HLS-II)直线加速器束流能量调节方案。该方案在调试阶段通过能谱分析系统观察束团状态并测量束流能量,储存环注入阶段使用3个束流位置探测器(BPM)对束流能量进行在线测量;使用自动相位扫描程序对速调管输出相位进行扫描,获得各加速段的能量增益公式;定量调节速调管的输出相位和高压,实现直线加速器输出束流能量的快速调节。在线应用结果表明,该方案能快速实现束流能量调节,调节后的束流具有良好品质,束流横向能散小于0.22%,注入速率明显改善。

A Li_(3)P nanoparticle dispersion strengthened ultrathin Li metal electrode for high energy density rechargeable batteries

Achievement of lithium(Li)metal anode with thin thickness(e.g.,≤30µm)is highly desirable for rechargeable high energy density batteries.However,the fabrication and application of such thin Li metal foil electrode remain challenging due to the poor mechanical processibility and inferior electrochemical performance of metallic Li.Here,mechanico-chemical synthesis of robust ultrathin Li/Li_(3)P(LLP)composite foils(~15µm)is demonstrated by employing repeated mechanical rolling/stacking operations using red P and metallic Li as raw materials.The in-situ formed Li+-conductive Li_(3)P nanoparticles in metallic Li matrix and their tight bonding strengthen the mechanical durability and enable the successful fabrication of free-standing ultrathin Li metal composite foil.Besides,it also reduces the electrochemical Li nucleation barrier and homogenizes Li plating/stripping behavior.When matching to high-voltage LiCoO_(2),the full cell with a low negative/positive(N/P)capacity ratio of~1.5 offers a high energy density of~522 W·h·kg^(-1) at 0.5 C based on the mass of cathode and anode.Taking into account its facile manufacturing,potentially low cost,and good electrochemical performance,we believe that such an ultrathin composite Li metal foil design with nanoparticle-dispersion-strengthened mechanism may boost the development of high energy density Li metal batteries.

基于Hough空间的移动机器人全局定位算法

提出了一种基于Hough变换的移动机器人全局定位方法。在机器人执行全局定位的初始阶段,将给定的环境栅格地图通过离散Hough变换转换为Hough空间中形成参考地图,并建立全局地图的Hough能量谱函数;而机器人在定位过程中通过激光传感器数据实时构建局部地图,并转换到Hough空间建立局部地图的Hough能量谱函数;构建全局和局部地图的Hough能量谱相关函数,通过局部最大化该函数求出两个地图间的旋转角度集。基于求得的角度集,对局部地图进行旋转配准,与全局地图一起构建Hough变换相关函数,通过局部最大化该函数可求出两个地图间的平移集合;应用求得的旋转角度集和平移集合,很容易估计机器人在全局地图中的位姿分布,通过不连续的几个时刻的位姿更新最终能够实现机器人全局定位。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。

大面积两维位置灵敏硅探测器性能研究

本文描述了一个用于次级束流上作△E及位置灵敏测量的大面积(45mm×45mm)二维位置灵敏硅探测器。用α源对其性能进行了测试,精心选择测试条件及校正方法,得到了较好的综合指标。

基于小波包特征提取及支持向量回归机的光纤布拉格光栅冲击定位系统

以光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)为传感网络,构建了复合材料冲击载荷实时在线监测系统,研究了基于小波包特征提取及支持向量回归机的光纤-碳纤维复合材料结构冲击定位方法。针对同一冲击点,分析不同传感信号,获得了冲击响应信号小波包能量谱,分析结果表明小波包能量谱中特定阶数对冲击敏感。改变冲击点位置研究小波包能量谱与冲击位置之间的关系,提出将第6阶小波包能量值作为冲击定位的特征向量。采用支持向量回归机建立样本数据的回归模型,预测冲击载荷位置,并对支持向量机的相关调整参数进行了优化。实验表明,支持向量机的网络测试误差为4.81%。研究结果可为碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)层状结构的冲击性能评估提供可行的实验方法。

系统的能谱、温度和熵的演化(Ⅰ)——平衡系统

建立了负能谱系统热力学 ,并进而确立了正、负能谱中平衡系统间在热力学量、物理过程和演化规律之间的互补对应关系 .

便携式α谱仪中真空度影响特征试验研究

针对真空度对α能谱分析中峰位、能量分辨率及探测效率的影响,开展了基于自主研发的便携式α谱仪真空度影响特征试验研究,在保证其它实验条件一致的情况下,对六种真空状态下的239Pu标准面源进行了测试。结果表明,α能谱峰位、能量分辨率与真空度呈线性关系,随真空度增大,能谱峰位线性增加,能量分辨率随之线性变好;探测效率随真空度指数规律增加。根据上述测量结果,分别建立了三者与真空度之间的影响特征方程。建议在工作条件允许的情况下,加大真空度,提高谱仪性能。

采用对称零面积法的高统计涨落谱线峰位解析研究

峰位分析的准确性是能谱稳谱质量的基础。为了提高峰位计算准确性和稳谱质量,针对航空γ能谱谱线高噪声特征,研究应用了采用柯西函数对称零面积法分析峰位,并且对比常用的高斯函数拟合法、峰面积法寻峰效果。结果表明针对高噪声的谱线寻峰,采用柯西函数的对称零面积法峰位计算方法,分析峰位更准确。

127°径向位置灵敏柱形静电离子能谱仪

针对高电荷态离子与表面作用产生的溅射离子能谱测量,研制了一台127°径向位置灵敏柱形静电离子能谱仪。利用能量为800keV的Ar8+离子轰击金属铍靶产生的溅射离子测试了本谱仪。测试结果表明,该谱仪克服了传统静电谱仪通过扫描工作电压单能量点取谱的缺点,实现分段取谱——在单个工作电压下可同时获取一段0.85E≤E≤1.15E范围的能谱,从而提高测量效率。

单球中子能谱仪的发展概况

本文调研了国内外多家实验室的多探头单球中子能谱仪技术现状，核心探测器主要是活化片、热释光剂量计、6Li-7Li对玻璃闪烁体、硅二极管、位置灵敏正比计数器等。针对这几种单球中子能谱仪的结构设计、能量响应模拟、能谱实验测量等进行了讨论分析。